ClipArt ETC
Indians lined up to go into the court-house yard

Indians Walking along a Street

Indians lined up to go into the court-house yard

An Indian, running away.

Indian

An Indian, running away.

A Sioux chief

Chief

A Sioux chief

Building from the Pueblo Indians

Pueblo

Building from the Pueblo Indians

Indian wigwams

Wigwams

Indian wigwams

A Native American learning to use snow shoes.

Snow Shoes

A Native American learning to use snow shoes.

A Native American in a birch canoe.

Canoe

A Native American in a birch canoe.

Characters of the Native Americans. The eight figures in the upper row, with hats on, and with muskets beside them, represent as many white soldiers. In the second row, No. 1 represents the officer in command, with a sword; No. 2, with a book, the secretary; No. 3, with a hammer, the geologist; 4, 5, 6, and 8 represent the two guides, who are distinguished as Indians by being without hats. Figure 11 represents a prairie-hen, and 12 a tortoise, which had been eaten by the party. Figures 13, 14, 15, mean that there were separate fires. The slant of the pole showed the direction of the proposed march, and three nothces in the wood showed that it was to be a three-days' expedition.

Characters

Characters of the Native Americans. The eight figures in the upper row, with hats on, and with muskets…

Native Americans performing the War Dance.

War Dance

Native Americans performing the War Dance.

Smith showing compass to the Native Americans

Smith

Smith showing compass to the Native Americans

A Native American welcoming the Englishmen.

Welcoming

A Native American welcoming the Englishmen.

Known as Jumping Badger and Hunkesni, he was a Native American clergyman and leader of the Hunkpapa Sioux. He went into battle against Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn.

Sitting Bull

Known as Jumping Badger and Hunkesni, he was a Native American clergyman and leader of the Hunkpapa…

An Indian cabin or hut, of a conical shape, made of bark or mats.

Wigwam

An Indian cabin or hut, of a conical shape, made of bark or mats.

Long House of the Iroquois Indians.

Iroquois Long House

Long House of the Iroquois Indians.

An Indian tomahawk.

Tomahawk

An Indian tomahawk.

An Indian Peace Pipe.

Peace Pipe with Feathers

An Indian Peace Pipe.

An Indian squaw and papoose.

Squaw and Papoose

An Indian squaw and papoose.

An ax of flint.

Native American Flint Ax

An ax of flint.

Aztec warrior and woman.

Aztecs

Aztec warrior and woman.

A wampum was made of pieces of shining shell, strung, like beads, on strips of deerskin. With some Indians white beads meant peace, and black ones war or danger. Several strings woven together formed a strip which meant peace, and black ones war or danger. Several strings woven together formed a strip which meant, "This belt preserves my word." Wampum often served the Indian for money. When one tribe wished to send a message to another, a belt of wampum had to accompany it, or the message would not be received.

Wampum

A wampum was made of pieces of shining shell, strung, like beads, on strips of deerskin. With some Indians…

Indians surprising a settlement.

Indians near a Settlement

Indians surprising a settlement.

An Indian tomahawk.

Tomahawk with Curved Handle

An Indian tomahawk.

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand years B.C. and has been found in nearly all excavations of prehistoric times and among the relics of primitive people all over the world. It has been known alike to Ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, East Indians, Aztecs, mound builders, and the North and South American Indians, with all of whom it has a similar meaning, viz., good luck and happiness. In Indian it is drawn below the seats intended for bridegrooms, below the plates containing food to be offered to gods and is tattooed on the arms. It is drawn on the scalp at the thread ceremony and on the dorsum of the feet on all auspicious ceremonies, such as mariages, etc. The usual figure consists of four arms with the cross at right angles and the arms pointing in the direction of motion of a clock's hand, although it has been given different forms, as shown by the accompanying illustrations. It is very commonly used as a rug design, especially in the Chinese, Caucasian, Turkish, and Turkoman products."

Swastika Design

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand…

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand years B.C. and has been found in nearly all excavations of prehistoric times and among the relics of primitive people all over the world. It has been known alike to Ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, East Indians, Aztecs, mound builders, and the North and South American Indians, with all of whom it has a similar meaning, viz., good luck and happiness. In Indian it is drawn below the seats intended for bridegrooms, below the plates containing food to be offered to gods and is tattooed on the arms. It is drawn on the scalp at the thread ceremony and on the dorsum of the feet on all auspicious ceremonies, such as mariages, etc. The usual figure consists of four arms with the cross at right angles and the arms pointing in the direction of motion of a clock's hand, although it has been given different forms, as shown by the accompanying illustrations. It is very commonly used as a rug design, especially in the Chinese, Caucasian, Turkish, and Turkoman products."

Swastika Design

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand…

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand years B.C. and has been found in nearly all excavations of prehistoric times and among the relics of primitive people all over the world. It has been known alike to Ancient Greeks, Egyptians, Chinese, Japanese, East Indians, Aztecs, mound builders, and the North and South American Indians, with all of whom it has a similar meaning, viz., good luck and happiness. In Indian it is drawn below the seats intended for bridegrooms, below the plates containing food to be offered to gods and is tattooed on the arms. It is drawn on the scalp at the thread ceremony and on the dorsum of the feet on all auspicious ceremonies, such as mariages, etc. The usual figure consists of four arms with the cross at right angles and the arms pointing in the direction of motion of a clock's hand, although it has been given different forms, as shown by the accompanying illustrations. It is very commonly used as a rug design, especially in the Chinese, Caucasian, Turkish, and Turkoman products."

Swastika Design

"Derived from the Sanscrit word Svasti, which means good pretence. It dates bck three or four thousand…

A noted chief of the Seminole Indians, born in Georgia in 1804; died Jan. 30, 1838. He was the son of an Englishman named Powell and of a chief's daughter, and in infancy was taken to Florida, where he was brought up by the Indians.

Osceola

A noted chief of the Seminole Indians, born in Georgia in 1804; died Jan. 30, 1838. He was the son of…

Daughter of Powhatan, a distinguished Indian chief, born in 1595; died off Gravesend, England, in March, 1617. Her early life was spent among the Indians in Virginia. In 1607 she became connected with the early history of America by saving the life of Capt. John Smith, and otherwise showed friendship for the English colonists.

Pocahontas

Daughter of Powhatan, a distinguished Indian chief, born in 1595; died off Gravesend, England, in March,…

Indians from the country of Brazil.

Amazonian Indians

Indians from the country of Brazil.

A trumpet blown by the Amazonian Indians in times of war.

War Trumpet

A trumpet blown by the Amazonian Indians in times of war.

An indian club from Hispaniola.

Club

An indian club from Hispaniola.

A native of Hispaniola in his canoe.

Natives

A native of Hispaniola in his canoe.

Natives of Hispaniola in a canoe.

Natives

Natives of Hispaniola in a canoe.

This is the earliest representation which we have of the natives of the New World, showing such as were found by the Portuguese on the north coast of South America. It has been supposed that it was issued in Augsburg somewhere between 1497 and 1504, for it is not dated. The only copy ever known to bibliographers is not now to be traced.

South Americans

This is the earliest representation which we have of the natives of the New World, showing such as were…

(1484-1566) A famous Spanish priest who was a settler of the New World.

Bartolome de Las Casas

(1484-1566) A famous Spanish priest who was a settler of the New World.

Title of First Tract from Las Casas.

First Tract

Title of First Tract from Las Casas.

Title of Fourth Tract from Las Casas.

Fourth Tract

Title of Fourth Tract from Las Casas.

Title of Seventh Tract from Las Casas.

Seventh Tract

Title of Seventh Tract from Las Casas.

One of the distinguished cavaliers of the conquest of Peru and Chili, to whom Munoz assigned the authorship of the <em>Relacion primera</em> of the Ondegardo. He was distinguished at the defence of Cusco, when that town was besieged by the Indians. Later, as governor of Cusco for Almagro, he had charge of Gonzalo Pizarro while he was held a prisoner, and had, later still, command of the artillery under Gasca. He died at Charcas.

Gabriel de Rojas

One of the distinguished cavaliers of the conquest of Peru and Chili, to whom Munoz assigned the authorship…

Indians in their beds during the time of Magellan's discovery.

Indian Beds

Indians in their beds during the time of Magellan's discovery.

The outer outline is that of the skull found in the cave of Cromagnon, in France, belogning, as Dawson says, to one of the oldest human inhabitants of western Europe, as shown in Lartet and Christy's <em>Reliquiae Aquitanicae</em>. The second outline is that of the Enghis skull; the dotted outline that of the Neanderthal skull. The shaded skull is on a smaller scale, but preserving the true outline, and is one of the Hochelaga Indians (site of Montreal).

Skull

The outer outline is that of the skull found in the cave of Cromagnon, in France, belogning, as Dawson…

A Native American boring wampum

Wampum Making

A Native American boring wampum

A Native American wampum belt

Wampum

A Native American wampum belt

William Henry Harrison's council with Tecumseh, at Vincennes in 1810. William Harrison was the governor of the Indiana Territory. Tecumseh's War or Tecumseh's Rebellion was a conflict between the United States Army and an American Indian confederacy led by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh in the Indiana Territory.

Harrison's Council with Tecumseh

William Henry Harrison's council with Tecumseh, at Vincennes in 1810. William Harrison was the governor…

Tecumseh's almanac

Almanac

Tecumseh's almanac

Harrison preparing for battle on November 7th, 1811 with the Native Americans

William Henry Harrison

Harrison preparing for battle on November 7th, 1811 with the Native Americans

(1734-1820) American pioneer and hunter.

Daniel Boone

(1734-1820) American pioneer and hunter.

A group of South American natives.

Aruaca'nians

A group of South American natives.

A native of America, is extensively cultivated from the southern part of Chili to high latitudes in North America. Its northern European limit is perhaps near the isotherm of 65 degrees Fahr.

Maize

A native of America, is extensively cultivated from the southern part of Chili to high latitudes in…

Skull of a child of the tribe of Chinook Indians (inhabiting the neighborhood of the Columbia River), distorted by tight bandaging so as to assume the shape considered elegant and fashionable by the tribe.

Distorted Skull of Child

Skull of a child of the tribe of Chinook Indians (inhabiting the neighborhood of the Columbia River),…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge variable, either coarse-toothed or somewhat lobed; with the teeth or lobes sharp, and the hollows between them rounded. Outline - rounded. Apex - pointed. Base - more or less heart-shaped, squared, or rounded. Leaf/Stem - downy when young, smoothish when old; and covering the leaf-bud with its swollen base. Leaf - three and a half to eight inches wide, and usually broader than long; downy beneath when young, becoming smooth. Bark - the thin outer bark peels off each year in hard and brittle strips, leaving the branches and parts of the trunk with a mottled, whitish, polished-looking surface. Flowers - small, in compact, round balls (about one inch in diameter) like round buttons, which dry and harden, and cling to the branches by their slender stems (three to four inches long), and swing like little bells during a good part of the winter. Found - from Southern Main, southward and westward, in rich, moist soil, oftenest along streams. Its finest growth is in the bottom lands of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. General Information - The largest of the trees of the Atlantic forests, commonly sixty to eighty feet high; along the western rivers often eighty to one hundred and thirty feet high, sometimes more, with a circumference of forty to fifty feet. A tree in Eaton, N. J., is one of the largest in the Sate. It is eighty-five feel high. At a point eight fee from the ground its circumference is fourteen feet three inches. The largest trunks are usually hollow. The wood is hard and compact, difficult to split and work, of a reddish-brown color within. Its principle use is in the making of tobacco boxes. There is a fine and somewhat noted group of these trees on the grounds of James Know, in Knoxboro, N. Y. In old times they formed a favorite camping place for the Indians in their trading expeditions. They all measure not far from three feet in diameter. The name "sycamore," though a common one, should be dropped - it belongs to another and very different tree. From a Greek word meaning broad, in reference to the breadth of the buttonwood's shade or of its leaf.

Genus Platanus, L. (Buttonwood)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge variable, either coarse-toothed or somewhat lobed; with the teeth or…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharply and unequally double-toothed. Outline - egg-shaped. Apex - pointed. Base - rounded, slightly heart-shaped, or, rarely, wedge-shaped. Leaf/Stem - downy. Leaf - two to three inches long; dark green and smooth above; beneath, dull, and with the ribs somewhat hairy, especially in their angles. Bark - of trunk very tough and durable; thick; snow-white on the outside; easily removed from the wood, and then itself very separable into paper-like sheets. The inner sheets are of a reddish tinge. Found - in the mountains of Northern Pennsylvania, New England, and far northward, farther than any other non-evergreen tree of America, excepting the aspen. General Information - A tree, forty to seventy feet high. The wood is light, hard, and very close-grained, but decays rapidly when exposed - more rapidly than the bark, which often remains as a shell long after the wood within has disappeared. It is very largely used in making spools, pegs, shoe-lasts, in turnery, for wood-pulp, and for fuel. The waterproof bark is much used by Indians and trappers for their canoes. "Give me of your bark, O Birch-Tree! Of your yellow bark, O Birch-Tree! Growing by the rushing river, Tall and stately in the valley! I a light canoe will build me, That shall float upon the river, Like a yellow leaf in autumn, Like a yellow water-lily. 'Lay aside your cloak, O Birch-Tree! Lay aside your white-skin wrapper, For the summer time is coming, And the sun is warm in the heaven, And you need no white-skin wrapper!'" Hiawatha

Genus Betula, L. (Birch)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharply and unequally double-toothed. Outline - egg-shaped. Apex -…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharp-toothed, with small and remote teeth. Outline - oval or egg-shape. Apex - taper-pointed. Base - rounded. Leaf - three to six inches long, about half as wide; a very "finished" leaf; when young, fringed with soft white hairs; becoming smooth and polished; with distinct and straight unbranched side-ribs, ending in the teeth of the edge. The dead, bleached leaves often cling thickly to the branches throughout the winter. Bark - of the trunk, light gray, smooth, and unbroken. Fruit - a small four-celled prickly burr, splitting half-way to the base when ripe, and with two sweet, three-sided nuts in each shell. Found - in rich woods, Nova Scotia to Florida and westward, with it finest growth on the "bluffs" of the lower Mississippi basin. General Information - Large stately trees, with spreading branches and a delicate spray, fifty to eighty feet high. The wood is hard and very close-grained, and is used largely in the making of chairs, handles, plan-stocks, shoe-lasts, and for fuel. When the tree is not crowded, it sends out its nearly horizontal or drooping branches as low as from ten to thirty feet above the ground. Lumber-men make the distinction of "red Beech" and "White Beech," claiming that the former is harder, with a redder and thicker heart-wood. Among woodsmen and the Indians, the Beech is said to be a favorite refuge in thunder-storms. They claim that it is scarcely ever struck by lightning. Lumber-men claim a difference in the quality of trees which retain their leaves and those which shed them. "Said a neighbor to me one day: 'You might 'a knowed that beech would split hard with all the dry leaves on it,' -- and it did. That was the first I'd ever heard of the sign, but I've never known it fail since."

Genus Fagus, L. (Beech)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharp-toothed, with small and remote teeth. Outline - oval or egg-shape.…

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness; arranged along the branches in many-leaved bunches without sheaths. Leaf - thread-like, one to two inches long, withering and falling in the autumn. Bark - smooth. Cones - about one half inch long; broad egg-shaped; green or violet when young, becoming purple and brownish as they ripen. Scales - thin, nearly round, their edges entire. Found - from Pennsylvania, Northern Indiana, and Northern Illinois through the Northern States and far northward. It grows usually in low, swampy land, where it often thickly covers large areas. General Information - A tree fifty to one hundred feet high (not evergreen), with a straight trunk and slender, horizontal branches. The wood is durable, hard, and very strong, and is largely used in ship-building, for posts, railroad ties, etc. The Indians and Canadians were accustomed to use the fibres of the Larch roots for sewing their bark canoes; and for tightening the seams, the gum of the Balsam Fir. Give me of your roots, O Tamarak! Of your fibrous roots, O Larch-Tree! My canoe to bind together, So to bind the ends together, That the water may not enter, That the river ma not wet me! Give me of your balm, O Fir-Tree! Of your balsam and your resin, So to close the seams together That the water may not enter, That the river may not wet me! And the Fir-Tree tall and sombre, Sobbed through all its robes of darkness, Answered wailing, answered weeping. 'Take my balm, O Hiawatha!'"

Genus Larix, Tourn. (Larch)

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness; arranged along the branches in…

A Native American father and his son find a pony while hiking near the mountains.

Native Americans with Pony

A Native American father and his son find a pony while hiking near the mountains.

Singular warfare of the American Indians. Caption below illustration: "I no longer hesitated; I took my aim; discharged ,y piece; and the animal was instantly stretched before me with a groan, which I conceived to be that of a human creature. I went up to it, and judge my astonishment when I found I had killed an Indian."

American Indians Warfare

Singular warfare of the American Indians. Caption below illustration: "I no longer hesitated; I took…

The Indians and the Highlander. Caption below illustration: "The Scotchman requested that the broad sword should be given to the most alert and most vigorous person in the assembly; and laying bare his neck after he had rubbed it over with magic signs , and muttered a few inarticulate words, he called out, with a loud voice and cheerful air."

Indians and the Highlander

The Indians and the Highlander. Caption below illustration: "The Scotchman requested that the broad…

An illustration of a "sacred water vessel of zuni indians." -Jenks, 1911

Zuni Water Vessel

An illustration of a "sacred water vessel of zuni indians." -Jenks, 1911

The Tobas wear but little clothes, except when they come into the presence of white people or cross the Paraguay river to trade. These Indians are very tall, some being six feet in height.

Toba Indian

The Tobas wear but little clothes, except when they come into the presence of white people or cross…

The Cherokee are a people native to North America, who, at the time of European contact in the sixteenth century, inhabited what is now the Eastern and Southeastern United States.

Cherokee Indians

The Cherokee are a people native to North America, who, at the time of European contact in the sixteenth…

He befriended the local Indians, and ensured that they were paid fairly for their lands. They revered Penn and called him "Onas" or "Miquon", meaning quill or pen.

William Penn Purchasing Land from the Delaware Indians

He befriended the local Indians, and ensured that they were paid fairly for their lands. They revered…