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Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Vocalized Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb accented; that is, brought in line with the breath phalanx; this constitutes the only difference between the Vocalized and analogous Non-Vocal Consonant positions. Shut Consonant positions do not have any of the fingers accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Vocalized Shut Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production some part of the throat or mouth obstructs, squeezes, or divides the breath. &hellip;in representing consonants the hand suggests a narrow adjustment of the organs, by having the prominent or accented fingers straightened and the second phalanx of the thumb close to the plane of the palm. <p> Vocalized Consonant positions have the voice phalanx of the thumb accented; that is, brought in line with the breath phalanx; this constitutes the only difference between the Vocalized and analogous Non-Vocal Consonant positions. Nasal Consonant positions have the breath phalanx of the thumb in the position to indicate Nasality. None of the fingers are accented. Back Consonant positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Vocalized Nasal Back Consonant

Consonants have a closed or narrowly expanded adjustment of the vocal organs, so that in their production…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperture consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Breath-Glide - A transitional aspiration, of organic quality corresponding to that of the adjoining elements [a soft effect of the Consonants, back primary; top primary; Point primary; Lip primary; etc.]. Although this glide has no fixed abiding place, and is of a somewhat variable organic formation, in its effect it is very closely allied to the Throat consonant aspirate, and is therefore represented with a posterior position of the palm and a separation of the index and center fingers, which are characteristic features of Throat positions. This is the only Non-Vocal glide, and hence is the only one in the representation of which the voice phalanx is unaccented.

Breath-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. Voice-Glide &ndash; Vowel murmur [a non-syllabic effect of the mid Mixed primary round vowel]. It is a Throat formation, and is shown to be so by the position which represents it.

Voice-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. Back-Glide &ndash; A semi-vowelized sound of the Vocalized back primary consonant.

Back-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. Top-Glide &ndash; A semi-vowelized sound of the Vocalized top primary consonant.

Top-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. Point-Glide &ndash; A semi-vowelized sound of the Vocalized Point primary consonant.

Point-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Round-Glide &ndash; Rounded murmur [a non-syllabic effect of the mid Mixed primary round vowel]. This also is a Throat formation, and is represented by a position which suggests an unrepresented Vocalized Throat Mixed consonant.

Round-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. Throat-Glide &ndash; A semi-vowelized sound of the Vocalized Throat primary consonant.

Throat-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. Back Mixed-Glide &ndash; A semi-vowelized sound of the Vocalized back Mixed consonant.

Back Mixed-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions.

Top Mixed-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions.

Point Mixed-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. Lip Mixed-Glide &ndash; A semi-vowelized sound of the Vocalized Lip Mixed consonant.

Lip Mixed-Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a High Vowel, have the third finger accented. Primary glides-indicated have closed unaccented fingers. Back Glide-Indicated positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Indicated High Primary Back Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a High Vowel, have the third finger accented. Primary glides-indicated have closed unaccented fingers. Lip Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated High Primary Top Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a High Vowel, have the third finger accented. Primary glides-indicated have closed unaccented fingers. Point Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated High Primary Point Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a High Vowel, have the third finger accented. Primary glides-indicated have closed unaccented fingers. Lip Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated High Primary Lip Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a High Vowel, have the third finger accented. Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide". Back Glide-Indicated positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Indicated High Wide Back Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a High Vowel, have the third finger accented. Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide". Top Glide-Indicated positions have the lower phalanges of the fingers at right angles to the plane of the palm.

Indicated High Wide Top Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a High Vowel, have the third finger accented. Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide". Point Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated High Wide Point Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a High Vowel, have the third finger accented. Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide". Lip Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated High Wide Lip Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Mid, have the center finger accented. Primary glides-indicated have closed unaccented fingers. Back Glide-Indicated positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Indicated Mid Primary Back Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Mid, have the center finger accented. Primary glides-indicated have closed unaccented fingers. Top Glide-Indicated positions have the lower phalanges of the fingers at right angles to the plane of the palm.

Indicated Mid Primary Top Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Mid, have the center finger accented. Primary glides-indicated have closed unaccented fingers. Point Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated Mid Primary Point Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Mid, have the center finger accented. Primary glides-indicated have closed unaccented fingers. Lip Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated Mid Primary Lip Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Mid, have the center finger accented. Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide". Back Glide-Indicated positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Indicated Mid Wide Back Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Mid, have the center finger accented. Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide". Top Glide-Indicated positions have the lower phalanges of the fingers at right angles to the plane of the palm.

Indicated Mid Wide Top Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Mid, have the center finger accented. Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide". Point Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated Mid Wide Point Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Low, have the first finger accented. Primary glides-indicated have closed unaccented fingers. Back Glide-Indicated positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Indicated Low Primary Back Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Low, have the first finger accented. Primary glides-indicated have closed unaccented fingers. Top Glide-Indicated positions have the lower phalanges of the fingers at right angles to the plane of the palm.

Indicated Low Primary Top Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Low, have the first finger accented. Primary glides-indicated have closed unaccented fingers. Point Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated Low Primary Point Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Low, have the first finger accented. Primary glides-indicated have closed unaccented fingers. Lip Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated Low Primary Lip Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Low, have the first finger accented. Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide". Back Glide-Indicated positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Indicated Low Wide Back Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Low, have the first finger accented. Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide". Top Glide-Indicated positions have the lower phalanges of the fingers at right angles to the plane of the palm.

Indicated Low Wide Top Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Low, have the first finger accented. Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide". Point Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated Low Wide Point Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Low, have the first finger accented. Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide". Lip Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated Low Wide Lip Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Illustration used to construct a triangle given the length of the base and the two base angles.

Construction of Triangle Given Angles and Base

Illustration used to construct a triangle given the length of the base and the two base angles.

"The gyron is a triangular figure formed by drawing a line from the dexter angle of the chief of the shield to the fess point, and an horizontal line from that point to the dexter side of the shield." -Hall, 1862

Gyron Ordinary

"The gyron is a triangular figure formed by drawing a line from the dexter angle of the chief of the…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. If the change in horizontal alignment is approximately 270 degrees, such as on a cloverleaf interchange ramp, the 270-degree Loop sign may be used.

270 Degree Loop, Black and White

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. If the change in horizontal alignment is approximately 270 degrees, such as on a cloverleaf interchange ramp, the 270-degree Loop sign may be used.

270 Degree Loop, Color

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. If the change in horizontal alignment is approximately 270 degrees, such as on a cloverleaf interchange ramp, the 270-degree Loop sign may be used.

270 Degree Loop, Outline

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. If the change in horizontal alignment is approximately 270 degrees, such as on a cloverleaf interchange ramp, the 270-degree Loop sign may be used.

270 Degree Loop, Silhouette

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. A One-Direction Large Arrow sign may be used on the outside of the turn or curve. When the Hairpin Curve sign or the 270-degree Loop sign is installed, either a One-Direction Large Arrow sign or Chevron Alignment signs should be installed on the outside of the turn or curve.

One-Direction Large Arrow, Black and White

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. A One-Direction Large Arrow sign may be used on the outside of the turn or curve. When the Hairpin Curve sign or the 270-degree Loop sign is installed, either a One-Direction Large Arrow sign or Chevron Alignment signs should be installed on the outside of the turn or curve.

One-Direction Large Arrow, Color

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. A One-Direction Large Arrow sign may be used on the outside of the turn or curve. When the Hairpin Curve sign or the 270-degree Loop sign is installed, either a One-Direction Large Arrow sign or Chevron Alignment signs should be installed on the outside of the turn or curve.

One-Direction Large Arrow, Outline

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. A One-Direction Large Arrow sign may be used on the outside of the turn or curve. When the Hairpin Curve sign or the 270-degree Loop sign is installed, either a One-Direction Large Arrow sign or Chevron Alignment signs should be installed on the outside of the turn or curve.

One-Direction Large Arrow, Silhouette

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. When the Hairpin Curve sign or the 270-degree Loop sign is installed, either a One-Direction Large Arrow sign or Chevron Alignment signs should be installed on the outside of the turn or curve.

Chevron Alignment, Black and White

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. When the Hairpin Curve sign or the 270-degree Loop sign is installed, either a One-Direction Large Arrow sign or Chevron Alignment signs should be installed on the outside of the turn or curve.

Chevron Alignment, Color

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. When the Hairpin Curve sign or the 270-degree Loop sign is installed, either a One-Direction Large Arrow sign or Chevron Alignment signs should be installed on the outside of the turn or curve.

Chevron Alignment, Outline

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. When the Hairpin Curve sign or the 270-degree Loop sign is installed, either a One-Direction Large Arrow sign or Chevron Alignment signs should be installed on the outside of the turn or curve.

Chevron Alignment, Silhouette

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on the far side of a T-intersection in line with, and at approximately a right angle to, approaching traffic. The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall not be used where there is no change in the direction of travel such as at the beginnings and ends of medians or at center piers.

Two-Direction Large Arrow, Black and White

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on…

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on the far side of a T-intersection in line with, and at approximately a right angle to, approaching traffic. The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall not be used where there is no change in the direction of travel such as at the beginnings and ends of medians or at center piers.

Two-Direction Large Arrow, Color

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on…

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on the far side of a T-intersection in line with, and at approximately a right angle to, approaching traffic. The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall not be used where there is no change in the direction of travel such as at the beginnings and ends of medians or at center piers.

Two-Direction Large Arrow, Outline

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on…

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on the far side of a T-intersection in line with, and at approximately a right angle to, approaching traffic. The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall not be used where there is no change in the direction of travel such as at the beginnings and ends of medians or at center piers.

Two-Direction Large Arrow, Silhouette

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on…

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between the intersection and condition is not sufficient to provide adequate advance placement of the warning sign, a Supplemental Arrow plaque should be used below the warning sign.

Supplemental Arrow, Black and White

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between…

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between the intersection and condition is not sufficient to provide adequate advance placement of the warning sign, a Supplemental Arrow plaque should be used below the warning sign.

Supplemental Arrow, Color

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between…

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between the intersection and condition is not sufficient to provide adequate advance placement of the warning sign, a Supplemental Arrow plaque should be used below the warning sign.

Supplemental Arrow, Outline

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between…

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between the intersection and condition is not sufficient to provide adequate advance placement of the warning sign, a Supplemental Arrow plaque should be used below the warning sign.

Supplemental Arrow, Silhouette

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between…

The Skewed Crossing sign may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the railroad tracks are not perpendicular to the highway. If the Skewed Crossing sign is used, the symbol should show the direction of the crossing (near left to far right as shown in Figure 8B-5, or the mirror image if the track goes from far left to near right). If the Skewed Crossing sign is used where the angle of the crossing is significantly different than 45 degrees, the symbol should show the approximate angle of the crossing.

Skewed Crossing, Black and White

The Skewed Crossing sign may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the…

The Skewed Crossing sign may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the railroad tracks are not perpendicular to the highway. If the Skewed Crossing sign is used, the symbol should show the direction of the crossing (near left to far right as shown in Figure 8B-5, or the mirror image if the track goes from far left to near right). If the Skewed Crossing sign is used where the angle of the crossing is significantly different than 45 degrees, the symbol should show the approximate angle of the crossing.

Skewed Crossing, Color

The Skewed Crossing sign may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the…