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Jefferson Finis Davis (1808 – 1889) served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history of 1861 – 1865 during the American Civil War. After the war, Davis was captured in 1865 and charged with treason. Though not convicted, he was stripped of his eligibility to run for public office.

Jefferson Davis

Jefferson Finis Davis (1808 – 1889) served as President of the Confederate States of America for…

Pierre Gustave Toutan Beauregard (1818 - 1893) was a Louisiana-born author, civil servant, politician, inventor, and general for the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was the victor at the First Battle of Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia and commanded armies through the Battle of Shiloh in Tennessee and the Siege of Corinth in northern Mississippi.

General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard

Pierre Gustave Toutan Beauregard (1818 - 1893) was a Louisiana-born author, civil servant, politician,…

General Winfield Scott (1786 - 1866) was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig party in 1852. General Scott is most known for serving on active duty as a general longer than any other man in American history and is rated as the most ablest American commander of his time. He is also known as "Old Fuss and Feathers" and "Grand Old Man of the Army."

General Winfield Scott

General Winfield Scott (1786 - 1866) was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential…

Francis Preston Blair Jr. (1821 - 1875) was an American politician and Union Army general during the American Civil War. He served as a U.S. Senator and Representative for the state of Missouri and was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President in 1868.

Francis Preston Blair Jr.

Francis Preston Blair Jr. (1821 - 1875) was an American politician and Union Army general during the…

General Joseph Eggleston Johnston, also known as General J. E. Johnston (1807 - 1891) was a U.S. Army officer who served with distinction in the Mexican-American War and Seminole Wars and was one of the most senior general officers in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War.

General Joseph Eggleston Johnston

General Joseph Eggleston Johnston, also known as General J. E. Johnston (1807 - 1891) was a U.S. Army…

General James Longstreet (1821 - 1904) was a famous Confederate general of the American Civil War and principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee. General Longstreet was called "Old War Horse" by General Robert E. Lee.

General James Longstreet

General James Longstreet (1821 - 1904) was a famous Confederate general of the American Civil War and…

The Robinson House belonged to a free African American during the First Battle of Bull Run. The house was captured and the battle was fought near the famous house.

Robinson's House in Battle of Bull Run

The Robinson House belonged to a free African American during the First Battle of Bull Run. The house…

Colonel Edward Dickinson Baker (1811 - 1861) who served for the state of Illinois in the U.S. House of Representatives and later as a U.S. Senator from Oregon. Baker served as a colonel during the Mexican-American War and the Civil War where he was killed in the Battle of Ball's Bluff becoming the only sitting senator to be killed in the Civil War.

Colonel Edward Dickinson Baker

Colonel Edward Dickinson Baker (1811 - 1861) who served for the state of Illinois in the U.S. House…

Attack of the gunboats at Fort Donelson, one of the most influential battles in American history. This view is southwest. The attack of General Smith was from the ground behind the house on the right.

Attack of the Gunboats at Fort Donelson

Attack of the gunboats at Fort Donelson, one of the most influential battles in American history. This…

Ambrose Everett Burnside (1824 - 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island, serving as governor and a U.S. Senator. Burnside was a Union Army general in the Civil War and conducted campaigns in North Carolina and East Tennessee but was defeated in the Battle of Fredericksburg and Battle of the Crater. The term "sideburns" is derived from his last name and his distinctive style of facial hair.

General Ambrose Everett Burnside

Ambrose Everett Burnside (1824 - 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist,…

Judah Philip Benjamin (1811 - 1884) was an American politician and lawyer. Benjamin was the first Attorney General of the Confederacy on February 25, 1861. He is often referred to as "the brains of the Confederacy."

Judah Philip Benjamin

Judah Philip Benjamin (1811 - 1884) was an American politician and lawyer. Benjamin was the first Attorney…

General Robert E. Lee (1807 - 1870) was a career United States Army officer and one of the most celebrated generals in American history. He was a top graduate of West Point and is best known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the Civil War.

General Robert E. Lee

General Robert E. Lee (1807 - 1870) was a career United States Army officer and one of the most celebrated…

This sketch depicts the famous New Cold Harbor where the Battle of Cold Harbor took place. This was the final battle of Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 Overland Campaign during the American Civil War, is remembered as one of American history's bloodiest battles.

Battle of Cold Harbor

This sketch depicts the famous New Cold Harbor where the Battle of Cold Harbor took place. This was…

Scene by rail-fence, Antietam after the Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg. The Battle of Antietam was fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland and was the first major battle in the Civil War to take place in the North. This battle was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000 casualties.

Battle of Antietam

Scene by rail-fence, Antietam after the Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg.…

The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, was fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland and was the first major battle in the Civil War to take place in the North. This battle was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000 casualties.

Battle of Antietam

The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, was fought on September 17, 1862, near…

The Sunken Road at the Battle of Antietam. The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, was fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland and was the first major battle in the Civil War to take place in the North. This battle was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000 casualties. The Sunken Road was worn down by years of wagon traffic, which formed a natural trench for the men.

Sunken Road at Battle of Antietam

The Sunken Road at the Battle of Antietam. The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg,…

Scene at the Sunken Road at the Battle of Antietam. The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, was fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland and was the first major battle in the Civil War to take place in the North. This battle was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000 casualties. The Sunken Road was worn down by years of wagon traffic, which formed a natural trench for the men.

Sunken Road at Battle of Antietam

Scene at the Sunken Road at the Battle of Antietam. The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle…

A political cartoon of Horatio Seymour, an American politician. Seymour was governor from New York from 1853-1854 and 1863-1864. The caricature depicts Seymour as the Democratic Party nominee for President of the United States for the election of 1868 and how it "plunged him into a sea of troubles." Seymour lost the election to Republican Ulysses S. Grant.

Democratic Nominee Governor Horatio Seymour

A political cartoon of Horatio Seymour, an American politician. Seymour was governor from New York from…

Nast depicts the criticism of Native American's exclusion from franchise by the caption "move on!". "Has the Native American no rights that the naturalized American is bound to respect? The other nationalities may vote, but not the original American."

Criticism of Native American's Exclusion from Franchise

Nast depicts the criticism of Native American's exclusion from franchise by the caption "move on!".…

The American River Ganges - condemnation of the Tammany Ring's Catholic sectarianism.

American River Ganges

The American River Ganges - condemnation of the Tammany Ring's Catholic sectarianism.

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 depicted with an African American talking to Saint Peter that he can't object to keeping the gates open now.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 depicted with an African American talking to Saint Peter that he can't…

Senator Voorhees handles the British Lion with his Irish-American speech.

Voorhees Handles British Lion

Senator Voorhees handles the British Lion with his Irish-American speech.

Niagara, though often popularly translated as "Thundering Waters", this is a folk translation with no basis in historical native North American language. The name is a of a famous waterfalls and river through which Lake Erie empties into Lake Ontario, as part of the Great Lakes drainage system of North America. This shows the geological position of Niagara River and Falls, and the ancient levels of the lake waters from Lake Ontario to Chicago.

Niagara River and Falls

Niagara, though often popularly translated as "Thundering Waters", this is a folk translation with no…

James Dwight Dana (1813 –1895) was an American geologist, mineralogist and zoologist. He made important studies of mountain building, volcanic activity, and the origin and structure of continents and oceans.

James D. Dana

James Dwight Dana (1813 –1895) was an American geologist, mineralogist and zoologist. He made…

A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a larval caterpillar stage, an inactive pupal stage, and a spectacular metamorphosis into a familiar and colourful winged adult form. A monarch butterfly is is a milkweed butterfly, perhaps the best known of all North American butterflies.

Metamorphosis of a Monarch Butterfly

A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for…

A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a larval caterpillar stage, an inactive pupal stage, and a spectacular metamorphosis into a familiar and colourful winged adult form. A monarch butterfly is is a milkweed butterfly, perhaps the best known of all North American butterflies. The body of the crawling worm-like larva is greenish yellow in color, with broad bands of shining black.

Metamorphosis of a Monarch Butterfly

A butterfly is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera, butterflies are notable for…

"U.S. Rifle, CAL .30 M1903 (Springfield)." -War, 1944 The Springfield M1903, formally the United States Rifle, Caliber .30, Model 1903, is an American magazine-fed, bolt-action rifle used primarily during the first half of the 20th century. It was officially adopted as a United States military service rifle on June 19 1903, and saw service in World War I. It was officially replaced as the standard infantry rifle by the faster-firing, semi-automatic M1 Garand, starting in 1936.

Springfield M1903 Rifle

"U.S. Rifle, CAL .30 M1903 (Springfield)." -War, 1944 The Springfield M1903, formally the United States…

Christopher Columbus (between August 25 and October 31, 1451 – May 20, 1506) was a Genoese navigator, colonizer and explorer whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean—funded by Queen Isabella of Spain—led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere. Although not the first to reach the Americas from Europe—he was preceded by the Norse, led by Leif Ericsson, who built a temporary settlement 500 years earlier at L'Anse aux Meadows— Columbus initiated widespread contact between Europeans and indigenous Americans.

Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus (between August 25 and October 31, 1451 – May 20, 1506) was a Genoese navigator,…

The American Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) is a fish in the Clupeidae family of herrings.

American Gizzard Shad

The American Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) is a fish in the Clupeidae family of herrings.

"Glossophaga nigra. GLOSSOPHAGA. A genus of South American phyllostomine bats. These bats are provided with a very long, slender, extensile tongue, brushy at the end ... the tongue being used to lick out the soft pulp of fruits." -Whitney, 1911

Leaf-Nosed Bat

"Glossophaga nigra. GLOSSOPHAGA. A genus of South American phyllostomine bats. These bats are provided…

The American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) is a North American bird in the Fringillidae family of finches.

American Goldfinch

The American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) is a North American bird in the Fringillidae family of finches.

"Goldfish (Carassius auratus). A fish of the carp family Cyprinidae, Cyprinus or Carassius auratus, originally a Chinese species, now domesticated and bred everywhere for ornament in ponds, tanks, and aquariums." -Whitney, 1911

Goldfish

"Goldfish (Carassius auratus). A fish of the carp family Cyprinidae, Cyprinus or Carassius auratus,…

"Robin: Upper parts slate-color, with a shade of olive. Head black, the eyelids and a spot before the eye white, and the throat streaked with white. Quills of the wings dusky, edged with hoary ash, and with the color of the back. Tail blackish, the outer feather usually tipped with white. Underparts, to the vent, including the under wing-coverts and tibiae white, showing more or less plumbeous. Bill yellow, often with a dusky tip. Mouth yellow. Eyes dark brown. Feet blackish, the soles yellowish." Elliot Coues, 1884

Robin

"Robin: Upper parts slate-color, with a shade of olive. Head black, the eyelids and a spot before the…

"Fig. 114. -Skulls of Turdidae and Sylvicolidae, nat. size; after Shufeldt. A, Oroscoptes montanus; B, Sialia mexicana; C, Cinclus mexicanus; D, Siurus naevius. Observe likeness between A and B, at points marked c, c', l, l'; and between C and D, at points marked b, b,' d, d'." Elliot Coues, 1884

Bird Skulls

"Fig. 114. -Skulls of Turdidae and Sylvicolidae, nat. size; after Shufeldt. A, Oroscoptes montanus;…

"Wood Thrush. Upper parts, including the surface of the closed wings, tawny-brown, purest and deepest on the head, shading insensibly into olivaceous on the rump and tail. Below, pure white, faintly tinged on the breast with buff, and everywhere, rounded or subtriangular blackish spots. Inner webs and ends of quills fuscous, with a white or buffy edging toward the base. Greater under wing-coverts mostly white. Auriculars sharply streaked with dusky and white. Bill blackish-brown, with flesh-colored or yellowish base. Feet like this part of the bill." Elliot Coues, 1884

Wood Thrush

"Wood Thrush. Upper parts, including the surface of the closed wings, tawny-brown, purest and deepest…

"Mocking-Birds. Bill much shorter than head, scarcely curved as a whole, but with gently-curved commissure, notched near the end. Rictal vibrissae well developed. Tail rather longer than wings, rounded, the lateral feathers being considerably graduated. Wings rounded. (Tarsal scutella sometimes obsolete.) Tarsi longer than the middle toe and claw. Of this genus there are two well marked sections (represented by the mocking-bird and cat-bird respectively), which ay be distinguished by color:" Elliot Coues, 1884

Mockingbird

"Mocking-Birds. Bill much shorter than head, scarcely curved as a whole, but with gently-curved commissure,…

"Cat-Bird. Slate-gray, paler and more grayish-plumbeous below; crown of head, tail, bill, and feet black. Quills of the wing blackish, edged with the body-color. Under tail-coverts rich dark chestnut or mahogany-color" Elliot Coues, 1884

Catbird

"Cat-Bird. Slate-gray, paler and more grayish-plumbeous below; crown of head, tail, bill, and feet black.…

"Grallaria rex. GRALLARIA. A genus of formicarian passerine birds, a leading group of South American ant-thrushes." -Whitney, 1911

Antpitta

"Grallaria rex. GRALLARIA. A genus of formicarian passerine birds, a leading group of South American…

The Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) is a bird in the Emberizidae family of American sparrows. It was known as the synonym common name, Grassfinch.

Vesper Sparrow

The Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) is a bird in the Emberizidae family of American sparrows. It…

"Morelet's Grassquit (Spermophila moreleti); adult male. GRASSQUIT. A kind of grassfinch; an American bird of the genus Spermophila or some related genus." -Whitney, 1911

Morelet's Grassquit

"Morelet's Grassquit (Spermophila moreleti); adult male. GRASSQUIT. A kind of grassfinch; an American…

The Red-Eyed Vireo or Greenlet (Vireo olivaceus) is a small American songbird in the Vireonidae family of vireos.

Red-Eyed Vireo

The Red-Eyed Vireo or Greenlet (Vireo olivaceus) is a small American songbird in the Vireonidae family…

"Upper parts uniform rust-red, with a bronzy lustre. Concealed portions of quills fuscous. Greater the median wing-coverts blackish near the end, then conspicuously tipped with white. Bastard quills like the coverts. Tail like the back, the lateral feathers with paler ends. Under pars white, more or less strongly tinged, especially on the breast, flanks, and crissum, with tawney or pale cinnamon-brown, the breast and sides marked with a profusion of well-defined spots of dark brown, oval in front, becoming more linear posteriorly. Throat immaculate, bordered with a necklace or spots; middle of belly and under tail-coverts likewise unspotted. Bill quite straight, black, with yellow base of the lower mandible; feet pale; iris yellow or orange." Elliot Coues, 1884

Brown Thrasher

"Upper parts uniform rust-red, with a bronzy lustre. Concealed portions of quills fuscous. Greater the…

"Above, grayish-brown, nearly uniform; wing- coverts and quills with slight whitish edging, the edge of the wing itself white; tail feathers with slight whitish tips; below; a paler shade of the color of the upper parts, the throat quite whitish, the crissum slightly rufescent, the breast and belly with obscure dark gray spots on the grayish-white ground; no obvious maxillary streaks, but vague speckling on the cheeks; bill black; feet blackish-brown." Elliot Coues, 1884

Bow-Billed Thrasher

"Above, grayish-brown, nearly uniform; wing- coverts and quills with slight whitish edging, the edge…

The Oilbird or Guacharo (Steatornis caripensis) is a bird in the Steatornithidae family, related to the nightjars.

Oilbird

The Oilbird or Guacharo (Steatornis caripensis) is a bird in the Steatornithidae family, related to…

"Flowering branch of Guaco (Mikania guaco). GUACO. The Mikania Guaco, a climbing composite of tropical America; also a medicinal substance consisting of, or an aromatic bitter obtained from, the leaves of this plant." -Whitney, 1911

Guaco Branch

"Flowering branch of Guaco (Mikania guaco). GUACO. The Mikania Guaco, a climbing composite of tropical…

"Bill shorter than head, comparatively stout at base, very acute at tip, the culmen quite convex, the gonys just appreciably concave, Tarsus a little longer that the middle tow an claw. 3d and 4th primaries about equal and longest, 5th and 6th successively slightly shorter, 2 d equal to 7th, 1st equal to penultimae secondary in the closed wing. Entire upper parts, including surfaces of wings and tail, uniform dull pale grayish-brown, with narrow, faintly-rusty edge of the wing-coverts and inner quills, and equally obscure whitish tipping of the tail-feathers. No maxillary nor auricular streaks; no markings about the head except slight speckling on the cheeks. Under parts brownish-white, palest (nearly white) on the belly and throat, more numerous small arrow-head spots on the color of the back. Bill light-colored at base below." Elliot Coues, 1884

Arizona Thrasher

"Bill shorter than head, comparatively stout at base, very acute at tip, the culmen quite convex, the…

The Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is a mammal in the Camelidae family of even-toed ungulates. It is a South American animal that shares the genus Lama with the llama and was once known as the synonym Auchenia huanaco.

Guanaco

The Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is a mammal in the Camelidae family of even-toed ungulates. It is a South…

"Upper parts uniform ashy-brown; wings and tail similar, but rather purer and darker brown, the former crossed with two white bars formed by the tips of the coverts, the latter tipped with white. Below dull white, often tinged with rusty, especially behind, and thickly marked with small, sharp, triangular spots of dark brown or blackish. These spots are all perfectly distinct, covering the lower parts excepting the throat, lower belly, and crissum; becoming smaller anteriorly, they run up each side of the throat in a maxillary series bounding the immaculate area. Sides of the head finely speckled, and auriculars streaked; bill black, lightening at base below, little longer than that of H. rufas, though decidedly curved." Elliot Coues, 1884

St. Lucas Thrasher

"Upper parts uniform ashy-brown; wings and tail similar, but rather purer and darker brown, the former…

"No spots anywhere; wings and tail without decided barring or tipping. Bill as long as the head or longer, bow-shaped, black. Wings very much shorter that the tail. Above, dark oily olive-brown, the wings and tail similar, but rather purer brown. Below, a paler shade of the color of the upper parts, the belly and crissum strongly rusty-brown, the throat definitely whitish in marked contrast, and not bordered by decided maxillary streaks. Cheeks and auriculars blackish-brown with sharp whitish shaft streaks." Elliot Coues, 1884

California Thrasher

"No spots anywhere; wings and tail without decided barring or tipping. Bill as long as the head or longer,…

"Brownish-ash, with a faith olive shade, the wings and tail purer and darker fuscous, without white edging or tipping. Below, a paler shade of the color of the upper pats. Throat and side of the lower jaw white, with sharp black maxillary streaks. Cheeks and auriculars speckled with whitish. Under tail-coverts rich chestnut, in marked contrast with the surrounding parts. Bill black, at the maximum of length, slenderness, and curvature; feet blackish." Elliot Coues, 1884

Crissal Thrasher

"Brownish-ash, with a faith olive shade, the wings and tail purer and darker fuscous, without white…

"Adult, in summer: Slaty-plumbeous, paler below, inclining on the head to sooty-brown. Quills and tail-feathers fuscous. Eyelids usually white. Bill black; feet yellowish." Elliot Coues, 1884

American Dipper

"Adult, in summer: Slaty-plumbeous, paler below, inclining on the head to sooty-brown. Quills and tail-feathers…

Wheatear male has a bluish-gray back, black patch on ear, a white rump and sides of tail, and black wings. Female is buffer with a brown back.

Wheatear

Wheatear male has a bluish-gray back, black patch on ear, a white rump and sides of tail, and black…

"in full plumage: Rich azure-blue, the ends of the wing-quills blackish; throat, breast, and sides of the body chestnut; belly and crissum white or bluish-white. The blue sometimes extends around the head on the sides and often fore part of the chin, so that chestnut is cut off from the bill." Elliot Coues, 1884

Eastern Blue-Bird

"in full plumage: Rich azure-blue, the ends of the wing-quills blackish; throat, breast, and sides of…

This view of the United States Department at the Great Exhibition of 1851 depicts people viewing exhibits such as statues and a depiction of Native Americans their home. Men and women are sitting on risers on the second floor. A border along the right side names several states of the union. Several flags and an eagle act as a decoration on the top left side of the image.

United States Department in the Crystal Palace

This view of the United States Department at the Great Exhibition of 1851 depicts people viewing exhibits…

This console table and mirror was designed in London, England. The frame is carved in American pine and lime tree woods. It is double gilted in matte and burnished gold.

Console Mirror and Table

This console table and mirror was designed in London, England. The frame is carved in American pine…

This fisher boy sculpture depicts a boy going fishing, holding his net. It was sculpted by Hiram Powers an American sculptor.

Fisher Boy Sculpture

This fisher boy sculpture depicts a boy going fishing, holding his net. It was sculpted by Hiram Powers…

Color flag of American Samoa. Blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa.

Flag of American Samoa, 2009

Color flag of American Samoa. Blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side…

Black and white outline flag of American Samoa. Blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a war club known as a "Fa'alaufa'i" (upper; left talon), and a coconut fiber fly whisk known as a "Fue" (lower; right talon); the combination of symbols broadly mimics that seen on the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa

Flag of American Samoa, 2009

Black and white outline flag of American Samoa. Blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based…

Color flag of France. Three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the "Le drapeau tricolore" (French Tricolor), the origin of the flag dates to 1790 and the French Revolution; the design and/or colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire, Luxembourg, and Netherlands; the official flag for all French dependent areas.

Flag of France, 2009

Color flag of France. Three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the…

Black and white outline flag of France. Three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the "Le drapeau tricolore" (French Tricolor), the origin of the flag dates to 1790 and the French Revolution; the design and/or colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire, Luxembourg, and Netherlands; the official flag for all French dependent areas

Flag of France, 2009

Black and white outline flag of France. Three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and…