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A tennis player returning a ball using a backhand stroke.

Backhand

A tennis player returning a ball using a backhand stroke.

The back of a United States Silver Dollar. Worth 100 cents.

United States Silver Dollar

The back of a United States Silver Dollar. Worth 100 cents.

The back of a United States Silver Dollar. Worth 100 cents.

United States Silver Dollar

The back of a United States Silver Dollar. Worth 100 cents.

This representation of the vessels of the early Spanish navigators is a fac-simile of a cut in Medina's <em>Arte de navegar</em>, Vallodolid, 1545, which was re-engraved in the Venice edition of 1555. In the variety of changes in methods of measurement it is not easy to find the equivalent in tonnage of the present day for the ships of Columbus' time. Those constituting his little fleet seem to have been liht and swift vessels of the class called caravels. One had a deck amidships, with high forecastle and two were without this deck, though high, and covered at the ends. Captaing G. V. Fox has given what he supposes were the dimensions of the larger one,- a heavier craft and duller sailer than the others. He calculates for a hundred tons, -makes her sixty-three feet over all, fifty-one feet keel, twenty feet beam, and ten and a half feet draft of water. She carried the kind of gun termed lombards, and a crew of fifty men.

Spanish Vessels

This representation of the vessels of the early Spanish navigators is a fac-simile of a cut in Medina's…

The doubloon of Spain. Made of gold.

Doubloon

The doubloon of Spain. Made of gold.

The doubloon of Spain. Made of gold.

Doubloon

The doubloon of Spain. Made of gold.

A money of account and a copper coin. Equal to three foourths of the United States cent at the time.

Half Pice

A money of account and a copper coin. Equal to three foourths of the United States cent at the time.

A money of account and a copper coin. Equal to three foourths of the United States cent at the time.

Half Pice

A money of account and a copper coin. Equal to three foourths of the United States cent at the time.

A silver coin of spain.

Pillar Dollar

A silver coin of spain.

A leaf cut or cleft in a pinnate manner, with the divisions half way down or more, and the sinuses or lobes narrow or acute.

Pinnatifid Leaf

A leaf cut or cleft in a pinnate manner, with the divisions half way down or more, and the sinuses or…

"A movable pulley is one whos block is movable. One end of the cord is fastened to the beam, and the weight is sspended from the pulley, the other end of the cord being drawn by the application of a force P. A little consideration will show that if P moves through a certain distance, say 1 foot, W will move through half that distance, or 6 inches; hence, a pull of 1 pound at P will life 2 pounds at W." &mdash; Hallock, 1905

Movable Pulley

"A movable pulley is one whos block is movable. One end of the cord is fastened to the beam, and the…

"The outer edge is a semicircle, with center at 0, and is divided into 360 parts. Each division is one-half of one degree, and, for convenience, the degrees are numbered from 0 to 180 from both A and B." &mdash; Hallock, 1905

Protractor

"The outer edge is a semicircle, with center at 0, and is divided into 360 parts. Each division is one-half…

"One of the smaller Vulturidae, of a genus differing from the true vultures in the slender bill, which is covered for more than half its length with a naked cere, and sharply hooked at the point." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Egyptian Vulture

"One of the smaller Vulturidae, of a genus differing from the true vultures in the slender bill, which…

"A genus of plants almost exclusively native to the warm parts of America, and belonging to the natural order Passifloaceae; an order of exogenous plants, of which more than 200 species are known, mostly climbers, having tendrils which spring from the axils of the leaves, herbaceous or half shrubby, natives of tropical and subtropical countries, but rare in Asia and Africa." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Passionflower

"A genus of plants almost exclusively native to the warm parts of America, and belonging to the natural…

"E represents the scape-wheel turning in a minute, and e its pinion, which is driven by the wheel D having a pinion d driven by the wheel C, which we may suppose to turn in an hour. The arbors of the scape-wheel and hour-wheel are distinct, their pivots-meeting in a bush fixed somewhere between the wheels. The pivots of the wheel, D are set in the frame AP, which rides on the arbors of the hour-wheel and scape-wheel, or on another short arbor between them. The hour-wheel also drives another wheel G, which again drives the pinion f on the arbor which carries the two arms f A, f B; and on the same arbor is set a fly with a ratchet, like a common striking fly, and the numbers of the teeth are so arranged that the fly will turn once for each turn of the scapewheel. The ends of the remontoire arms f A, f B are capable of alternately passing the notches cut half through the arbor of the scape-wheel, as those notches successively come into the proper position at the end of every half minute; as soon as that happens the-hour-wheel raises the movable wheel D and its frame through a small angle; but nevertheless, that wheel keeps pressing on the scape-wheel as if it were not moving, the point of contact of the wheel C and the pinion d being the fulcrum or center of motion of the level A d P." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Gravity Train Remontoire

"E represents the scape-wheel turning in a minute, and e its pinion, which is driven by the wheel D…

"The front view of a large quarter clock of Sir E. Beckett's design, with all the wheels on the great horizontal bed, a gravity escapemen, and a compensated pendulum. They are made in two sizes, one wih a great striking wheels 18 inches wide, and the other 14. The striking is done by cams cast on the great wheels, about 1.125 inch broad in the large-sized clocks, which are strong enough for an hour bell of thirty cwt., and corresponding quarters. Wire ropes are used, not only because they last longer, if kept greased, but because a sufficient number of coils will go on a barrel of less than half the length that would be required for hemp ropes of the same strength, without overlapping, which it is as well to avoid, if possible, though it is not so injurious to wire ropes as it is to hemp ones. by this means also the striking cams can be put on the great wheel, instead of the second wheel, which saves more in friction than could be imagined by any one who had not tried both. In clocks of the common construction two-thirds of the power is often wasted in friction and in the bad arrangement of the hammer work, and the clock is wearing itself out in doing nothing." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Quarter Clock

"The front view of a large quarter clock of Sir E. Beckett's design, with all the wheels on the great…

"D is a needle, formed of light silver wire, suspended by a fine glass fiber, from a torsion head A. Below the needle is a piece of sheet metal NE, divided half through by a notch in the middle, and then bent in opposite directions on both sides of the notch, so that, when looked at end on, it appears like a Y." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Dellman's Electrometer

"D is a needle, formed of light silver wire, suspended by a fine glass fiber, from a torsion head A.…

"A species of antelope, abounding on the dry yet fertile plains of South Africa, where it feeds on the bulbs of water-root and other kinds of succulent vegetation, by means of which the antelopes of those regions are able to subsist without water for months together. It is a large and powerful animal, measuring abot 5 feet in length and over 3 feet in height at the shoulders. Its horns, situated on the same plane with its forehead, exceed 2 feet in length, are almost straight, and are obscurely ringed throughout their lower half." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Gemsbok

"A species of antelope, abounding on the dry yet fertile plains of South Africa, where it feeds on the…

It is a food fish of good quality, but too small to be of much economic importance, reaching a length of only eight inches and a weight of half a pound. The body is compressed and covered with rather large deciduous scales.

Queenfish

It is a food fish of good quality, but too small to be of much economic importance, reaching a length…

A brd characterized by its bill. The bill is feathered for about half its length, in the rest of its extent being vertically furrowed, and hooked at the tip.

Razorbill Auk

A brd characterized by its bill. The bill is feathered for about half its length, in the rest of its…

"The simplest and most generally practised form of budding is that called Shield budding or T-budding. The operator should be provided with a budding-knife in which the cutting edge of the blade is rounded off at the point, and which has a thin ivory or bone handle, for raising the bark of the stock. A horizonal incision is made in the bark quite down to the wood, and from this a perpendicular slit is drawn downwards to the extent of perhaps an inch, so that the slit has a resemblance to the letter T, as at a. A bud is then cut by a clean incision from the tree intended to be propagated, having a portion of the wood attached to it, and so that the whole may be an inch and a half long, as at d." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Shield-Budding

"The simplest and most generally practised form of budding is that called Shield budding or T-budding.…

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines. It is one of the best even in normal conditions of working, and the mode of regulation introduced is decidedly superior to that in most reaction turbines; it might almost be said to be the only mode of regulation which satisfies the conditions of efficient working, and it has been adopted in a modified form in the Leffel turbine, which is now largely used in america. The turbine has suction pipes, which permit the turbine to be placed at any height less than 30 feet above the tail-water level. The water enters the turbine by cast-iron supply pipes at A, and is discharged through two suction pipes S. The water on entering the case distributes itself through a rectangular supply chamber SC, from which it finds its way equally to the four guide-blade passages G. In these passages it acquires a velocity about equal to that due to half the fall, and is directed into the wheel at an angle of about 10 or 12 degrees with the tangent to its circumference. The wheel W receives the water in equal proportions from each guide-blade passage." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Reaction Turbine

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines.…

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines. It is one of the best even in normal conditions of working, and the mode of regulation introduced is decidedly superior to that in most reaction turbines; it might almost be said to be the only mode of regulation which satisfies the conditions of efficient working, and it has been adopted in a modified form in the Leffel turbine, which is now largely used in america. The turbine has suction pipes, which permit the turbine to be placed at any height less than 30 feet above the tail-water level. The water enters the turbine by cast-iron supply pipes at A, and is discharged through two suction pipes S. The water on entering the case distributes itself through a rectangular supply chamber SC, from which it finds its way equally to the four guide-blade passages G. In these passages it acquires a velocity about equal to that due to half the fall, and is directed into the wheel at an angle of about 10 or 12 degrees with the tangent to its circumference. The wheel W receives the water in equal proportions from each guide-blade passage." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Reaction Turbine

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines.…

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines. It is one of the best even in normal conditions of working, and the mode of regulation introduced is decidedly superior to that in most reaction turbines; it might almost be said to be the only mode of regulation which satisfies the conditions of efficient working, and it has been adopted in a modified form in the Leffel turbine, which is now largely used in america. The turbine has suction pipes, which permit the turbine to be placed at any height less than 30 feet above the tail-water level. The water enters the turbine by cast-iron supply pipes at A, and is discharged through two suction pipes S. The water on entering the case distributes itself through a rectangular supply chamber SC, from which it finds its way equally to the four guide-blade passages G. In these passages it acquires a velocity about equal to that due to half the fall, and is directed into the wheel at an angle of about 10 or 12 degrees with the tangent to its circumference. The wheel W receives the water in equal proportions from each guide-blade passage." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Reaction Turbine

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines.…

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines. It is one of the best even in normal conditions of working, and the mode of regulation introduced is decidedly superior to that in most reaction turbines; it might almost be said to be the only mode of regulation which satisfies the conditions of efficient working, and it has been adopted in a modified form in the Leffel turbine, which is now largely used in america. The turbine has suction pipes, which permit the turbine to be placed at any height less than 30 feet above the tail-water level. The water enters the turbine by cast-iron supply pipes at A, and is discharged through two suction pipes S. The water on entering the case distributes itself through a rectangular supply chamber SC, from which it finds its way equally to the four guide-blade passages G. In these passages it acquires a velocity about equal to that due to half the fall, and is directed into the wheel at an angle of about 10 or 12 degrees with the tangent to its circumference. The wheel W receives the water in equal proportions from each guide-blade passage." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Reaction Turbine

"Professor James Thomson's inward flow or vortex turbine has been selected as the type of reaction turbines.…

"Half of the lower surface of Aurelia aurita. The transparent tissues allow the enteric cavities and canals to be seen through them. a, marginal lappets hiding tentaculocysts; b, oral arms; v, axial or gastric portion of the enteric cavity; gv, radiating and anastomosing canals of the enteric system; ov, ovaries." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Aurelia Aurita

"Half of the lower surface of Aurelia aurita. The transparent tissues allow the enteric cavities and…

"Lung of Ceratodus, opened in its lower half to show its cellular pouches. a, right half; b, left half; c, cellular pouches; e, vena pulmonalis; f, arterial blood-vessel; oe, esophagus, opened to show glottis." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Ceratodus Lung

"Lung of Ceratodus, opened in its lower half to show its cellular pouches. a, right half; b, left half;…

"A genus of plants of the natural order Melanthaceae. The species, which are few in number, are stemless, with flowers half subterranean like the crocus, the limb of the perianth and part of the tube only rising above ground. The floews much resemble crocus-flowers, but are readily distinguished by having six instead of three stamens, and three styles instead of one." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Colchicum

"A genus of plants of the natural order Melanthaceae. The species, which are few in number, are stemless,…

"Crown-work, in Fortification, is formed to strengthen a weak front, or to occupy ground which might facilitate the enemy's operations. It consists of two faces inclined to each other at an angle, with a bastion in the middle, and half-bastions at the two ends; and it is connected with the main body of the work by two long sides. RMNPS is the crown-work, in front of and protecting the ravelin O. Both of these works are entirely beyong the main ditch of the place, but each has also a ditch of its own." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Crown-Work

"Crown-work, in Fortification, is formed to strengthen a weak front, or to occupy ground which might…

"A genus of palms, the most important species of which is the common Date Palm, the Palm Tree of Scripture, a native of the northern half of Aftica, the south-west of Asia, and some parts of India, and which has also been brought into cultivation in the south of Europe, and might certainly be intruduced with advantage into the south of the United States, and many warm parts of America and Australia." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Date Palm

"A genus of palms, the most important species of which is the common Date Palm, the Palm Tree of Scripture,…

The front of a large silver coin used during the eighteenth century. Rigsdaler of Denmark.

Rix Dollar

The front of a large silver coin used during the eighteenth century. Rigsdaler of Denmark.

The rear of a large silver coin used during the eighteenth century. Rigsdaler of Denmark.

Rix Dollar

The rear of a large silver coin used during the eighteenth century. Rigsdaler of Denmark.

The front of a large silver coin used during the eighteenth century. Of Utrecht.

Rix Dollar

The front of a large silver coin used during the eighteenth century. Of Utrecht.

The rear of a large silver coin used during the eighteenth century. Of Utrecht.

Rix Dollar

The rear of a large silver coin used during the eighteenth century. Of Utrecht.

"Embryo of scorpion, ventral view showing somites and appendages. sgc, Frontal groove. sa, Rudiment of lateral eyes. obl, Camerostome (upper lip). so, Sense-organ of Patten. PrGabp1, Rudiment of the appendage of the praegenital somite which disappears. abp2, Rudiment of the right half of the genital operculum. abp3, Rudiment of the right half of the genital operculum. abp4 to abp7, Rudiments of the four appendages which carry the pulmonary lamellae. I to VI, Rudiments of the six limbs of the prosoma. VIIPrG, The evanescent praegenital somite. VIII, The first mesosomatic somite or genital somite. IX, The second mesosomatic somite or pectiniferous somite. X to XIII, The four pulmoniferous somites. XIV, The first metasomatic somite." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Scorpio Embryo

"Embryo of scorpion, ventral view showing somites and appendages. sgc, Frontal groove. sa, Rudiment…

"Portion of a similar embryo at a later stage of growth. The praegenital somite, VII PrG, is still present, but has lost its rudimentary appendages; go, the genital operculum, left half; KM, the left pecten; abp4 to abp7, the rudimentary appendages of the lung-sacs." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Embryo

"Portion of a similar embryo at a later stage of growth. The praegenital somite, VII PrG, is still present,…

"Ponsard Furnace or Forno-Convertisseur. This apparatus is essentially a combination of the Pernot furnace with the Bessemer converter, consisting of a hearth movable about an obliquely vertical axis. Instead of rotating round and round on this axis, the hearth D only moves through half a revolution." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Forno-Convertisseur

"Ponsard Furnace or Forno-Convertisseur. This apparatus is essentially a combination of the Pernot furnace…

"A peculiar-shaped vessel called a retort is half filled with a volatile liquid and heated; the steam, as it forms, passes through the neck of the retort into a glass receiver contained in a vessel filled with cold water, and is then condensed." &mdash;Wells, 1857

Retort

"A peculiar-shaped vessel called a retort is half filled with a volatile liquid and heated; the steam,…

"The hides now come to be trimmed and prepared for tanning in the shape in which they are intended ultimately to be sent into the market. An entire untrimmed hide is termed a crop; a side is half a crop, the dividing line of the two sides being shown at EF; a butt is the back portion ABCD, and a bend is half a butt ABFE. G, G are belly pieces, and H, H the cheeks, both together being the offal. When the shoulder (the upper part of the butt) is removed, what remains is the short butt." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Hide Divisions

"The hides now come to be trimmed and prepared for tanning in the shape in which they are intended ultimately…

A show or half boot of the kind worn by persons of wealth in the fifteenth century. Usually made out of satin or cloth of gold.

Sabbaton

A show or half boot of the kind worn by persons of wealth in the fifteenth century. Usually made out…

"Summer and Winter rays.&mdash;Let us suppose that the rays falling perpendicularly on a given extent of surface, impart to it a certain degree of heat, then it is obvious, that if the same number of rays be spread over twice that extent of surface, their heating power would be diminished in proportion, and that only half of the heat would be imparted. This is the effect produced by the Sun's rays in the Winter. They fall so obliquely on the Earth, as to occupy nearly double the space that the same number of rays do in the Summer." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Rays

"Summer and Winter rays.—Let us suppose that the rays falling perpendicularly on a given extent…

"Let S be the Sun, E the Earth, and A, B, C, D, F, the Moon in different parts of her orbit. Now when the Moon changes, or is in conjunction with the Sun, as at A, her dark side is turned towards the Earth, and she is invisible, as represented at a. The Sun always shines on one half of the Moon, in every direction, as represented at A and B, on the inner circle; but we at the Earth can see only such portions of the enlightened part as are turned towards us. After her change, when she has moved from A to B, a small part of her illuminated side comes in sight, and she appears horned, as at b, and is then called the new Moon. When she arrives at C, severel days afterwards, one half of her disc is visible, and she appears as at c, her appearance being the same in both circles. At this point she is said to be in her first quarter, because she has passed through a quarter of her orbit, and is 90 degrees from the place of her conjunction with the Sun. At D, she shows us still more of her enlightened side, and is then said to appear gibbous as at d. When she comes to F, her whole enlightened side is turned towards the Earth, and she appears in all the spendor of a full Moon." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Moon Phases

"Let S be the Sun, E the Earth, and A, B, C, D, F, the Moon in different parts of her orbit. Now when…

"Diagram of the left half of a vertical median section of the brain. H, H, convoluted inner surface of left cerebral hemisphere; Cc, corpus callosum; Th, optic thalamus; c.q., corpora quadrigemina; Cb, cerebellum; Sp.c, spinal cord; Mo, medulla oblongata; P, pons Varolii; oc, oculo-motor nerve; pt, pituitary body; op, optic nerve; Ro, fissure of Rolando; Po, parieto-occipital fissure; Fr, frontal lobe; Pa, parietal lobe; O, occipital lobe." &mdash;Martin, 1917

Brain

"Diagram of the left half of a vertical median section of the brain. H, H, convoluted inner surface…

"The strawberry weevil in certain seasons has prevented the development of more than a half crop of berries in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Virginia. The eggs are deposited in the flower buds, upon which the grublike larva feed and attain full size in about a month." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Strawberry Weevil

"The strawberry weevil in certain seasons has prevented the development of more than a half crop of…

"Pearly nautilus with half the shell removed." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Pearly Nautilus

"Pearly nautilus with half the shell removed." —Davison, 1906

"a is the sphere, placed in half-holes on the axis bb, so that when its principal axis is parallel to the axis the telescope it gives only one image of the object. In a direction perpendicular to that axis it must be so placed that when it is moved by rotation of the axis bb the separation of the images shall be parallel to that motion. The angle of rotation is measured on the grduated circle C. The angle between the objects measured is = r sin 20, where r is a constant to be determined for each magnifying power employed." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Micrometer

"a is the sphere, placed in half-holes on the axis bb, so that when its principal axis is parallel to…

"a is the sphere, placed in half-holes on the axis bb, so that when its principal axis is parallel to the axis the telescope it gives only one image of the object. In a direction perpendicular to that axis it must be so placed that when it is moved by rotation of the axis bb the separation of the images shall be parallel to that motion. The angle of rotation is measured on the grduated circle C. The angle between the objects measured is = r sin 20, where r is a constant to be determined for each magnifying power employed." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1903

Micrometer

"a is the sphere, placed in half-holes on the axis bb, so that when its principal axis is parallel to…

A 1/2 cube

Half Cube

A 1/2 cube

A 1/2 gable

Half Gable

A 1/2 gable

Principle of light and shade from light to dark.

Light and Shade

Principle of light and shade from light to dark.

A half-long carrot

Carrot

A half-long carrot

1, twig with male flowers; 2, ripe pendulous fruit opening; 3, fruit after removal of one-half of the penicarp, showing the dark brown seed surrounded by the ruptured arillus; 4, kernel freed from the seed-coat.

Myristica Fragrans

1, twig with male flowers; 2, ripe pendulous fruit opening; 3, fruit after removal of one-half of the…

A diagram of the left half of an Argiope, which has been bisected in the median plane. 1, the ventral valve; 2, the dorsal valve; 3, the pedicle; 4, the mouth; 5, lip which overhangs the mouth and runs all around the lophophore; 6, tentacles; 7, ovary in dorsal valve; 8, liver diverticula; 9, occlusor muscle; 10, internal opening of left nephridium; 11, external opening of the same; 12, ventral adjustor; 13, divaricator muscle; 14, sub-oesophageal nerve ganglion; 15, the heart; 16, dorsal adjustor muscle.

Brachiopoda

A diagram of the left half of an Argiope, which has been bisected in the median plane. 1, the ventral…

To show the Right Ventricle and the left half of the Corpus Callosum

Brain

To show the Right Ventricle and the left half of the Corpus Callosum

The Leopard Moth caterpillar half grown

Leopard Moth Larva

The Leopard Moth caterpillar half grown

The Leopard Moth caterpillar half grown

Leopard Moth Larva

The Leopard Moth caterpillar half grown

Mary, the fourth and penultimate monarch of the Tudor dynasty, is remembered for returning England from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism. To this end, she had almost three hundred religious dissenters executed; as a consequence, she is often known as Bloody Mary. Her religious policies, however, were in many cases reversed by her successor and half-sister, Elizabeth I. Mary Tudor was a cousin, once removed, of Mary, Queen of Scots, with whom she is often confused by those unfamiliar with British history.

Mary I

Mary, the fourth and penultimate monarch of the Tudor dynasty, is remembered for returning England from…

Philip sought an alliance with the Kingdom of England, marrying the Catholic Queen Mary I of England in 1554. On occasion of the marriage, he was created King of Chile by his father and received the Kingdom of Naples and the title of a King of Jerusalem, which came with it, from him. Under the terms of the marriage, Philip became King Consort, during the lifetime of his spouse. The marriage was unpopular with her subjects and was a purely political alliance as far as Philip was concerned. On January 16, 1556, Philip succeeded to the throne of Spain, as a result of his father's abdication, but he did not choose to reside i the country until his father's death two years later. After Mary died childless in 1558, Philip showed an interest in marrying her Protestant younger half-sister, Queen Elizabeth I of England, but this plan fell through for a number of reasons.

Philip II

Philip sought an alliance with the Kingdom of England, marrying the Catholic Queen Mary I of England…

Section lengthwise of flax seed cut half away, bringing contained embryo into view.

Flax Pod Cut in Half

Section lengthwise of flax seed cut half away, bringing contained embryo into view.

Half of an acorn, cut lengthwise, filled by the very thick cotyledons, the base of which encloses the minute caulicle.

Acorn

Half of an acorn, cut lengthwise, filled by the very thick cotyledons, the base of which encloses the…