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"Spider Monkey is a general name applied to many species of platyrhine or New World monkeys, distinguished by the great relative length, slender-ness, and flexibility of their limbs, and by the prehensile power of their tails. A familiar species is the chameck, which occurs abundantly in Brazil. The body is about 20 inches, the tail 2 feet long, and the color is a general black. The coaita, another typical species, has an average length of 12 inches; the tail measures over 2 feet long, and the fur is of a glossy black hue."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Spider Monkey

"Spider Monkey is a general name applied to many species of platyrhine or New World monkeys, distinguished…

"Spoonbill is the popular name of the birds of the genus Platalea, belonging to the heron family (Ardeidæ), order Grallatores, from the shape of the bill, which is somewhat like a spoon, being curiously widened out at the tip. Live in society in wooded marshes, and on the sea-shore. Adult male is about 32 inches long; plumage white with pale pink tinge; at the junction of the neck with the breast there is a band of buffy yellow; the naked skin on the throat is yellow; legs and feet black; bill about eight inches long, very much flattened and grooved at the base, the expanded portion yellow, the rest black. There is a white occipital crest in both sexes. The spoonbill possesses no power of modulating its voice. The windpipe is bent on itself, like the figure 8 , the coils applied to each other and held in place by a thin membrane. This peculiarity does not exist in young birds. The roseate spoonbill, a native of the United States, has rose-colored plumage."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Spoonbill

"Spoonbill is the popular name of the birds of the genus Platalea, belonging to the heron family (Ardeidæ),…

"Caryae was a city in Arcadia, near the Laconian border, the inhabitants of which joined the Persians after the battle of Thermopylae. On the defeat of the Persians the allied Greeks destroyed the town, slew the men, and led the women into captivity; and Praxiteles and other Athenian artists employed female figures, representing Caryatidae, or women of Caryae, instead of columns in architecture. This account is illustrated by a bas-relief with a Greek inscription, mentioning the conquest of the Caryatae." — Smith, 1873

Caryatides

"Caryae was a city in Arcadia, near the Laconian border, the inhabitants of which joined the Persians…

"A seat or chair, was more particularly applied to a soft seat used by women, whereas sella signified a seat common to both sexes. The cathedrae were, no doubt, of various forms and sizes; but they usually appear to have had backs to them. On the cathedra in the annexed cut, is seated a bride, who is being fanned by a female slave with a fan made of peacock's feathers. Women were also accustomed to be carried abroad in these cathedrae instead of in lecticae, which practice was sometimes adopted by effeminate persons of the other sex. The word cathedra was also applied to the chair or pulpit from which lectures were read." — Smith, 1873

Cathedra

"A seat or chair, was more particularly applied to a soft seat used by women, whereas sella signified…

"A small box or chest, in which anything might be placed, but more particularly applied to the small boxes which were carried in procession in the festivals of Ceres and Bacchus. These boxes, which were always kept closed in the public processions, contained sacred things connected with the worship of these deities. In the representations of Dionysiac processions of ancient vases, women carrying cistae are frequently introduced. The cista was also the name of the ballotbox, into which those who voted in the comitia and in the courts of justice cast their tabellae." — Smith, 1873

Cista

"A small box or chest, in which anything might be placed, but more particularly applied to the small…

"A kind of cymbal. It appears to have been a split reed or cane, which clattered when shaken with the hand. Women who played on the crotalun were termed crotalistriae. The annexed cut represents one of these crotalistriae performing." — Smith, 1873

Crotalum

"A kind of cymbal. It appears to have been a split reed or cane, which clattered when shaken with the…

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of union among the various branches of the Greek race, and in keeping alive a feeling of their common origin. They were open to all persons who could prove their Hellenic blood, and were frequented by spectators from all parts of the Grecian world. They were celebrated at Olympia, on the banks of the alpheus, in the territory of Elis." — Smith, 1882

Foot-race

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of…

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of union among the various branches of the Greek race, and in keeping alive a feeling of their common origin. They were open to all persons who could prove their Hellenic blood, and were frequented by spectators from all parts of the Grecian world. They were celebrated at Olympia, on the banks of the alpheus, in the territory of Elis." — Smith, 1882

Wrestling

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of…

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of union among the various branches of the Greek race, and in keeping alive a feeling of their common origin. They were open to all persons who could prove their Hellenic blood, and were frequented by spectators from all parts of the Grecian world. They were celebrated at Olympia, on the banks of the alpheus, in the territory of Elis." — Smith, 1882

Hurling the javelin

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of…

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of union among the various branches of the Greek race, and in keeping alive a feeling of their common origin. They were open to all persons who could prove their Hellenic blood, and were frequented by spectators from all parts of the Grecian world. They were celebrated at Olympia, on the banks of the alpheus, in the territory of Elis." — Smith, 1882

Boxing

"The Olympic games were of greater efficacy than the Amphictyonic Council in promoting the spirit of…

"It was the universal practice of the Greeks to undertake no matter of importance without first asking the advice of the gods; and there were many sacred spots in which the gods were always ready to give an answer to pious worshippers. The oracle of Apollo at Delphi surpassed all the rest in importance, and was regarded with veneration in every part of the Grecian world. In the center of the temple of Delphi there was a small opening in the ground from which it was said that a certain gas or vapour ascended. Whenever the oracle was to be consulted, a virgin priestess called <em>Pythia</em> took her seat upon a tripod which was placed over the chasm." &mdash; Smith, 1882

Tripod of Apollo

"It was the universal practice of the Greeks to undertake no matter of importance without first asking…

"The <em>peplus</em> was a shawl which commonly formed part of the dress of females. It was often fastened by meeans ofa brooch, but was frequently worn without one, in the manner represented in the annexed cut, which is copied from one of Sir W. Hamilton's vases. Each of the females in this group wears an under garmet falling down to her feet, and over it an ample <em>peplus</em>, or shawl, which she passes entirely round her body, and then throws the loose extremity of it over her left shoulder, and behind her back as distinctly seen in the sitting figure." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Peplus

"The peplus was a shawl which commonly formed part of the dress of females. It was often fastened…

"It is a very common error to translate <em>monile baccatum</em>, "a pearl necklace". The ornament of which we are here speaking is frequently shown in ancient paintings, as in the two following cuts." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Women with necklaces

"It is a very common error to translate monile baccatum, "a pearl necklace". The ornament of…

"It is a very common error to translate <em>monile baccatum</em>, "a pearl necklace". The ornament of which we are here speaking is frequently shown in ancient paintings, &c., as in the two following cuts." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Women with necklaces

"It is a very common error to translate monile baccatum, "a pearl necklace". The ornament of…

"Lectica was a kind of couch or litter, in which persons, in a lying position, were carried from one place to another. They were used for carrying the dead as well as the living. The Greek lectica consisted of a bed or mattress, and a pillow to support the head, placed upon a kind of bedstead or couch. It had a roof, consisting of the skin of an ox, extending over the couch and resting on four posts. The sides of this lectica were covered with curtains. In the republican period it appears to have been chiefly used by women, and by men only when they were in ill health. When this kind of lectica was introduced among the Romans, it was chiefly used in traveling, and very seldom in Rome itself. But towards the end of the republic, and under the empire, it was commonly used in the city, and was fitted up in the most splendid manner. Instead of curtains, it was frequently closed on the sides with windows made of transparent stone, and was provided with a pillow and bed. when standing, it rested on four feet, generally made of wood. Persons were carried in a lectica by slaves, by means of poles attached to it, but not fixed, so that they might easily be taken off when necessary. The number of lecticarri employed in carrying one lectica varied according to its size, and the display of wealth which a person might wish to make. The ordinary number was probably two; but it varied from two to eight, and the lectica is called hexaphoron or octophoron, according as it was carried by six or eight persons. The following woodcut represents a lectica. It is taken from the tombstone of M. Antonius Antius." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Lectica

"Lectica was a kind of couch or litter, in which persons, in a lying position, were carried from one…

"An eastern head-dress, sometimes spoken of as a characteristic of the Phrygians. It was also the name of the head-band or head-dress worn by Greek women, which was made of close materials. It must be distinguished from the reticulum, made of net." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Mitra

"An eastern head-dress, sometimes spoken of as a characteristic of the Phrygians. It was also the name…

"A baker, from pinsere, to pound, since corn was pounded in mortars before the invention of mills. At Rome bread was originally made at home by the women of the house; and there were no persons at Rome who made baking a trade, or any slaves specially kept for this purpose in private houses, till B.C. 173. The name was also given to pastry-cooks and confectioners, in which case they were usually called pistores dulciarii or candidarii. Bread was often baked in moulds called artoptae, and the loaves thus baked were termed artopticii. In one of the bake-houses discovered at Pompeii, several loaves have been found apparently baked in moulds, which may therefore be regarded as artoptieii; they are represented in the preceding cut. They are flat, and about eight inches in diameter. Bread was not generally made at home at Athens, but was sold in the market-place chiefly by women. These women seem to have been what the fish-women of London are at present; they excelled in abuse." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Pistor

"A baker, from pinsere, to pound, since corn was pounded in mortars before the invention of mills. At…

It is a slender aquatic herb, with whorled, finely dissected rigid leaves, and small solotary monoecious flowers, without calyx or corolla. it is common in pools or slow streams over a great part of the world.

Hornwort

It is a slender aquatic herb, with whorled, finely dissected rigid leaves, and small solotary monoecious…

"A caul or coif of network for covering the hair, worn by women during the day as well as the night. it appears to have been sometimes made of gold threads, and likewise of silk and other materials. This kind of covering for the head was very ancient, for it is mentioned by Homer; and it also appears to have been very commonly used in later times. it is seen on the head of the nymph in the following cut, taken from a painting found at Pompeii, which represents a nymph approaching Neptune." — Smith, 1873

Reticulum

"A caul or coif of network for covering the hair, worn by women during the day as well as the night.…

Molly Pitcher salutes Washington during the Battle of Monmouth.

Molly Pitcher

Molly Pitcher salutes Washington during the Battle of Monmouth.

A boy sitting with ladies

Boy

A boy sitting with ladies

Women learning how to cook

Cooking

Women learning how to cook

Ladies sitting at a table, talking.

Ladies

Ladies sitting at a table, talking.

They grow in pools and slow streams rooting in the ground and growing erect. Some species when taken out of the water emit a very disagreeable odor, like that of a sulphuric hydrogen. They occur all over the world, but mostly in temperate climates.

Chara

They grow in pools and slow streams rooting in the ground and growing erect. Some species when taken…

It grows wild around the shores of the Mediterranean and many parts of the East, producing a puffy pod, containing one or generally two nested seeds with two swellings on one side. It is much used in olios Spain, is an important article in French cookery and has been cultivated from a very early period in the warmer regions of the old world.

Chick Pea

It grows wild around the shores of the Mediterranean and many parts of the East, producing a puffy pod,…

A tunic garmet usually worn by both men and women among the ancient greeks.

Chiton

A tunic garmet usually worn by both men and women among the ancient greeks.

An old woman

Old Woman

An old woman

"Mercury, with his caduceus, summons the souls of the departed from Orcus, or the low world, as in the case of Protesilaus, for example, who obtained permission from Pluto and Proserpina to visit for a short period the regions of light." &mdash; Anthon, 1891

Mercury with caduceus

"Mercury, with his caduceus, summons the souls of the departed from Orcus, or the low world, as in the…

"Talus. The huckle-bones of sheep and goats were used to play with from the earliest times, principally by women and children, occasionally by old men. The following cut, taken from an ancient painting, represents a woman, who, having thrown the bones upwards into the air, has caught three of them on the back of her hand. When the sides of the bone were marked with different values, the game became one of chance. The two ends were left blank, because the bone could not rest upon either of them on account of its curvature. The four remaining sides were marked with numbers 1, 3, 4, 5; 1 and 6 being on two opposite sides, and 3 and 4 on the other two opposite sides. Two persons played together at this game, using four bones, which they threw up into the air, or emptied out of a dice-box, and observing the numbers on the uppermost sides. " &mdash Smith; 1873

Talus

"Talus. The huckle-bones of sheep and goats were used to play with from the earliest times, principally…

Costume about the middle of the 17th Century.

17th Century

Costume about the middle of the 17th Century.

Costume about the middle of the 17th Century.

17th Century

Costume about the middle of the 17th Century.

Reception of Washington at Trenton

Trenton

Reception of Washington at Trenton

Orator and lecturer. Anna Dickinson is also known for being an abolitionist for women's rights.

Anna E. Dickinson

Orator and lecturer. Anna Dickinson is also known for being an abolitionist for women's rights.

Mother of Charles Stewart Parnell and is called an "American lady." She is the daughter of Commodore Stewart, of the United States navy. She was a supporter of the liberty of Ireland and was an active worker in the Irish National League.

Mrs. Parnell

Mother of Charles Stewart Parnell and is called an "American lady." She is the daughter of Commodore…

Miss Kate Fields was outspoken against Mormons and an author of <em>Pen Portraits of dickens' Readings</em> and <em>Ten Days in Spain</em>.

Kate Field

Miss Kate Fields was outspoken against Mormons and an author of Pen Portraits of dickens' Readings…

Mrs. Stanton was an early women's rights activist and abolitionist of slavery.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Mrs. Stanton was an early women's rights activist and abolitionist of slavery.

Author and poet of <em>Poems of Passion</em> and <em>The Worlds and I</em>.

Ella Wheeler Wilcox

Author and poet of Poems of Passion and The Worlds and I.

Famous opera singer of the 19th century.

Adelina M. C. Patti

Famous opera singer of the 19th century.

Julia was an abolitionist and poet. She is famous for the <em>Battle Hymn of the Republic</em> and for proclaiming Mother's Day in 1870. Mrs. Howe also focused her energy on women's suffrage.

Julia Ward Howe

Julia was an abolitionist and poet. She is famous for the Battle Hymn of the Republic and for…

Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard was an educator and women's suffragist. She was president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Willard founded <em>The Union Signal</em>. She was also active is the passage of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments.

Frances Elizabeth Willard

Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard was an educator and women's suffragist. She was president of the…

Wife of John G. Carlisle, she supported women's suffragists.

Mrs. Carlisle

Wife of John G. Carlisle, she supported women's suffragists.

Dr. Walker (1832-1919) was a feminist, abolitionist, prohibitionist, spy, prisoner of war, surgeon and the only woman to receive the Medal of Honor.

Dr. Mary Edwards Walker

Dr. Walker (1832-1919) was a feminist, abolitionist, prohibitionist, spy, prisoner of war, surgeon and…

An American civil rights leader who secured Women's suffrage.

Susan B. Anthony

An American civil rights leader who secured Women's suffrage.

Known as the "Citizen Train," he was a confidante of French and Australian revolutionaries.

George Francis Train

Known as the "Citizen Train," he was a confidante of French and Australian revolutionaries.

Jennie Churchill, Mrs. Churchill was formerly Jennie Jerome. Lady Randolph Churchill was the mother other Sir Churchill and was influential in the upper class of British society.

Jennie Churchill

Jennie Churchill, Mrs. Churchill was formerly Jennie Jerome. Lady Randolph Churchill was the mother…

Pulitzer was a journalist and purchased the <em>New York World</em>. The Pulitzer Prizes were first given out in 1917.

Joseph Pulitzer

Pulitzer was a journalist and purchased the New York World. The Pulitzer Prizes were first…

Mrs. Rodgers was a delegate at the Knights of Labor convention at Richmond in 1887. She organized the first working women's union in Chicago and was president of the Eighth Ward Land League and also of the Daughters of Erin.

Elizabeth Rodgers

Mrs. Rodgers was a delegate at the Knights of Labor convention at Richmond in 1887. She organized the…

American actress who published two autobiographies, <em>A Few Memories</em> and <em>A Few More Memories</em>.

Mary Anderson

American actress who published two autobiographies, A Few Memories and A Few More Memories.

Nellie Grant, also known as Mrs. Sartoris, the daughter of General Grant.

Nellie Grant

Nellie Grant, also known as Mrs. Sartoris, the daughter of General Grant.

Frances Clara Folsom Cleveland Preston was the First Lady of the United States, President Grover Cleveland's wife.

Frances Cleveland

Frances Clara Folsom Cleveland Preston was the First Lady of the United States, President Grover Cleveland's…

Queen of Spain and widow of King Alfonso.

Marie Christina

Queen of Spain and widow of King Alfonso.

French anarchist and teacher.

Louise Michel

French anarchist and teacher.

Famous actress from England

Ellen Terry

Famous actress from England

American congressman and supporter of women's suffrage.

Ignatius Donnelly

American congressman and supporter of women's suffrage.

Famous social reformer.

Lillie Devereux Blake

Famous social reformer.

Famous American actress.

Clara Morris

Famous American actress.

Famous actress

Violet Cameron

Famous actress

Printer and publisher of her magazine, "Victoria Magazine," she employed only women and advocated women to work.

Emily Faithfull

Printer and publisher of her magazine, "Victoria Magazine," she employed only women and advocated women…

Educator who became president of Harvard and presided over a period of great growth which included the introduction of the elective system and the teaching of women.

Charles W. Eliot

Educator who became president of Harvard and presided over a period of great growth which included the…

Captain of a steamer.

Mary Miller

Captain of a steamer.