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Half of a horse-chestnut, similarly cut; the caulicle is curved down on the side of one of the thick cotyledons.

Horse Chestnut

Half of a horse-chestnut, similarly cut; the caulicle is curved down on the side of one of the thick…

A pistil; with ovary, <em>a</em>, half cut away, to show the contained ovules; <em>b</em>, style; <em>c</em>, stigma.

Pistil

A pistil; with ovary, a, half cut away, to show the contained ovules; b, style; c,…

A Chicory flower half cut away, better showing some of the flower.

Chicory

A Chicory flower half cut away, better showing some of the flower.

Purslane-flower in section; calyx, petals, stamens adnate to lower half of ovary,-perigynous.

Purslane-flower

Purslane-flower in section; calyx, petals, stamens adnate to lower half of ovary,-perigynous.

It consists of a sheet-iron furnace, having the form of a half cylinder, tapered at the end's, in which a fire is built, and this heated furnace, being drawn along the furrow, destroys the worms.

Army-Worm Killer

It consists of a sheet-iron furnace, having the form of a half cylinder, tapered at the end's, in which…

The Meridian of any given place is that half of the meridian circle which passes through that place and both poles. A meridian of any place reaches from that place to both poles, and therefore is equal to one-half of a great circle, and, with the meridian directly opposite to it, forms a great circle called a meridian circle. There are as many meridians as there are places on the equator or on any parallel. Parallels are small circles which pass around the earth parallel to the equator.

Meridians and Parallels

The Meridian of any given place is that half of the meridian circle which passes through that place…

During new and full moon, the earth, moon, and sun are all in the same straight line, but, that during the first and last quarters, they are at right angles. The portions of the earth and moon turned toward the sun are illumined, the shaded portions are in the darkness. To an observer on the earth, the moon, at <em>a</em>, appears new, since the dark part is turned toward the person; at <em>b</em>, however, it must appear full, since the illumined portions are toward the person. At <em>c</em>, and <em>d</em>, the positions of the quarters, only one-half of the illumined half, or one quarter, is seen.

Cause of the Phases of the Moon

During new and full moon, the earth, moon, and sun are all in the same straight line, but, that during…

Some wood-cells from Buttonwood, Platanus, a whole cell and lower end of another on the left; a cell cut half away lengthwise, and half of another on the right; some pores or pits (a) seen on the left; while <em>b b</em> mark sections through these on the cut surface. When lving and young the protoplasm extends into these and by minuter perforations connects across them. In age the pits become open passages, facilitating the passage of sap and air.

Buttonwood

Some wood-cells from Buttonwood, Platanus, a whole cell and lower end of another on the left; a cell…

Method to bisect an angle

Bisect An Angle

Method to bisect an angle

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"Half-section of the battleship 'Rhode Island'"—Finley, 1917

Half-Section of a Battleship

"Half-section of the battleship 'Rhode Island'"—Finley, 1917

"...to be cut in half by this plane (the twinned plane, reference Twinned Crystal of Gypsum) and one portion to be rotated through 180 degrees about the normal to the same plane. Described as being twinned on the plane." -The Encyclopedia Britannica 1910

Simple Crystal of Gypsum

"...to be cut in half by this plane (the twinned plane, reference Twinned Crystal of Gypsum) and one…

"The Leyden jar and discharger. Its discovery is attributed to the attempt of Musschenbrock and his pupil Cuneus to collect the supposed electric 'fluid' in a bottle half filled with water. The bottle was held in the hand and was povided with a nail to lead the 'fluid' down through the cork to the water from the electric machine. The invention of the Leyden jar is also claimed by Kleist, Bishop of Pomerania." -Hawkins, 1917

Leyden Jar

"The Leyden jar and discharger. Its discovery is attributed to the attempt of Musschenbrock and his…

"Ring armature of four pole dynamo; diagram of winding and connections, showing direction of the indced currents. the currents in the winding under the upper N and S poles are opposed to each other and flow to the external circuit by the positive brush 1, and back to this half of the armature by the negative brushes 3 and 4...The armature is said to be 'cross connected.' " -Hawkins, 1917

Ring Armature

"Ring armature of four pole dynamo; diagram of winding and connections, showing direction of the indced…

"Suppose the rod a, to be set with one half of its length below the surface of the water and the other half above it. The eye being placed in an oblique direction will see the lower end apparently at the point o, while the real termination of the rod would be at n; the refraction will therefore make the rod appear shorter by the distance from o to n, or one-fourth shorter than the part below the water really is." -Comstock 1850

Refraction, water

"Suppose the rod a, to be set with one half of its length below the surface of the water and the other…

"This will be understood [here] where the ray of light A B, proceeding from the eye, falls perpendicularly on the plane mirror B D. will be reflected back in the same line; but the ray C D coming from the feet, which falls obliquely on the mirror, will be reflected back under the same angle in the line D A; and since we see objects in the direction of the reflected rays, and the image appears at the same distance behind the mirror that is object is before it, we must continue the line A D to the feet, E, and for the same reason, the rays A B, from the eye, must be prolonged to F, as far behind the mirror as the line E extends, where the whole image will be represented." -Comstock 1850

Mirror Half the Length of the Object

"This will be understood [here] where the ray of light A B, proceeding from the eye, falls perpendicularly…

"Let a be the distance at which an object can be see distinctly, and b, the distance at which the same object is seen through the lens, and supose tthe distance of a from the eye, be twice that of b. Then because the object is at half the distance that it was before, it will appear twice as large...." -Comstock 1850

Single Microscope

"Let a be the distance at which an object can be see distinctly, and b, the distance at which the same…

"Pass the tube of an air thermometer or of an inverted mercury thermometer through a cork in the neck of a funnel. Cover the thermometer bulb to the depth of about half an inch with water. Upon the water, pour a little sulphuric ether and ignite it. The thermometer below will scarcely be affected, although the water above may be boiling. Stir the water and note the prompt movement of the thermometer index..." -Avery 1895

Funnel with Inverted Mercury Thermometer

"Pass the tube of an air thermometer or of an inverted mercury thermometer through a cork in the neck…

The muscles on the back of the hand, forearm, and lower half of the arm, as exposed on dissecting away the skin.

Arm Muscles

The muscles on the back of the hand, forearm, and lower half of the arm, as exposed on dissecting away…

Forms of glands. Labels: A, a simple secreting surface; a, its epithelium; b, basement membrane; c, capillaries; B, a simple tubular gland; C, a secreting surface increased by protrusions; E, a simple racemose gland; D and G, compound tubular glands; F, a compound racemose gland. In all but A, B, and C the capillaries are omitted for the sake of clearness. H, half of a highly developed racemose gland; c, its main duct.

Forms of Glands

Forms of glands. Labels: A, a simple secreting surface; a, its epithelium; b, basement membrane; c,…

The lower half of the thorax, with four lumbar vertebrae showing the diaphragm from above. Labels: 1,2,3, central tendon; 4,5, muscular part.

Lower Half of the Thorax

The lower half of the thorax, with four lumbar vertebrae showing the diaphragm from above. Labels: 1,2,3,…

"Let, for instance, the force used by the boatman be twice as great as that of the tide. Then by the time he would reach B, the tide would have carried his boat one-half of that distance, to D." &mdash;Quackenbos 1859

Resultant Motion with Boat

"Let, for instance, the force used by the boatman be twice as great as that of the tide. Then by the…

"Mirror A/B is only half of person C's height. C is able to view his entire body through such a small mirror due to the angle of incidence from D to B to F." &mdash;Quackenbos 1859

Angle of Incidence and Reflection

"Mirror A/B is only half of person C's height. C is able to view his entire body through such a small…

An illustration of a composite figure made up of a quadrilateral frustum and half of a cylinder. Frustum edges range between 6 feet and 11 feet 5 inches and cylinder has a height of 12 feet.

Composite Figure of Quadrilateral Frustum With Half of a Cylinder Attached

An illustration of a composite figure made up of a quadrilateral frustum and half of a cylinder. Frustum…

Circle with chord AB=2 ft. and radius OA = 3 ft.. Triangle AOC is a right triangle. Angle AOC=half angle AOB, and the central angle AOB has the same measure as the arc AnB.

Circle With a Chord of 2 ft. and a Radius of 3 ft.

Circle with chord AB=2 ft. and radius OA = 3 ft.. Triangle AOC is a right triangle. Angle AOC=half angle…