Incisor tooth of a horse-posterior view. Labels: a, outer layer of enamel; b, inner layer of enamel round the infundibulum; c, dental star; d, the dentine.

Horse Incisor Tooth

Incisor tooth of a horse-posterior view. Labels: a, outer layer of enamel; b, inner layer of enamel…

Posterior view of the stomach of a horse. Labels: a, left cul-de-sac; b, right cul-de-sac; c, greater curvature; d, lesser curvature; e, esophagus; f, duodenum.

Horse Stomach

Posterior view of the stomach of a horse. Labels: a, left cul-de-sac; b, right cul-de-sac; c, greater…

Posterior view of the liver and diaphragm in situ. Labels: a, left lobe; b, right lobe; c, quadrate lobe; d, spigelian lobe; d', spigelian ligament; just above in the right kidney; e, left lateral ligament; f, right lateral ligament; g, broad ligament; h, hepatic duct; i, piece of the duodenum opened to show, k, opening of the ductus pancreaticus minor, and l, Eminence of Vater; m, vena porta; n, posterior vena cava; o, notch for esophagus.

Liver and Diaphragm of a Horse

Posterior view of the liver and diaphragm in situ. Labels: a, left lobe; b, right lobe; c, quadrate…

Anterior view of the pancreas. Labels: a, left branch; b, right branch; c, inferior branch; d, duct of Wirsung; e, ductus pancreaticus minor; f, portal vein cut across; g, notch for the great mesenteric artery.

Pancreas of a Horse

Anterior view of the pancreas. Labels: a, left branch; b, right branch; c, inferior branch; d, duct…

The relation of anterior abdominal digestive organs- left antero-lateral view. Labels: 1, liver; 2, stomach; 3, spleen; 4, colon; a, gastro-hepatic omentum; b, gastro-splenic omentum; c, great omentum; c', its free portion.

Digestive Organs of a Horse

The relation of anterior abdominal digestive organs- left antero-lateral view. Labels: 1, liver; 2,…

Species: Habenaria spp. View of a single flower showing its strange, fringed lip.

Fringed Orchid

Species: Habenaria spp. View of a single flower showing its strange, fringed lip.

Species: Habenaria spp. View of a single flower showing its strange, fringed lip.

Fringed Orchid

Species: Habenaria spp. View of a single flower showing its strange, fringed lip.

The obverse side of the Shekel, a ancient silver coin used in Mesopotamia and Jerusalem.

Shekel

The obverse side of the Shekel, a ancient silver coin used in Mesopotamia and Jerusalem.

The reverse side of the Shekel, a ancient silver coin used in Mesopotamia and Jerusalem.

Shekel

The reverse side of the Shekel, a ancient silver coin used in Mesopotamia and Jerusalem.

An illustration of a simple five armed crinoid with a detailed view of the tegmen of five orals. Crinoids, also known as sea lilies or feather-stars, are marine animals that make up the class Crinoidea of the echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata). They live both in shallow water and in depths as great as 6,000 meters. Crinoids are characterized by a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms. They have a U-shaped gut, and their anus is located next to the mouth.

Simple Crinoid

An illustration of a simple five armed crinoid with a detailed view of the tegmen of five orals. Crinoids,…

An diagram of the anatomy of a sea urchin. Sea urchins are small, globular, spiny sea creatures, composing most of class Echinoidea. They are found in oceans all over the world. Their shell, or "test", is round and spiny, typically from 3 to 10 cm across. Common colors include black and dull shades of green, olive, brown, purple, and red. They move slowly, feeding mostly on algae. Sea otters, wolf eels, and other predators feed on urchins. Sea urchins are harvested and served as a delicacy.

Sea Urchin

An diagram of the anatomy of a sea urchin. Sea urchins are small, globular, spiny sea creatures, composing…

A dorsal view of a chiton, showing the eight shell plates. Chitons are small to large, primitive marine mollusks in the class Polyplacophora. There are 900 to 1,000 extant species of chitons in the class, which was formerly known as Amphineura. Chitons have a shell which is composed of eight separate shell plates or valves. These plates overlap somewhat at the front and back edges, and yet the plates articulate well with one another. Because of this, although the plates provide good protection for impacts from above, they nonetheless permit the chiton to flex upward when needed for locomotion over uneven surfaces, and also the animal can slowly curl up into a ball when it is dislodged from the underlying surface. The shell plates are surrounded by a structure known as a girdle.

Chiton (Dorsal)

A dorsal view of a chiton, showing the eight shell plates. Chitons are small to large, primitive marine…

A ventral view of a chiton, showing p, foot; o, mouth; kr, oval fringe; and br, the numerous ctenidia. Chitons are small to large, primitive marine mollusks in the class Polyplacophora. There are 900 to 1,000 extant species of chitons in the class, which was formerly known as Amphineura. Chitons have a shell which is composed of eight separate shell plates or valves. These plates overlap somewhat at the front and back edges, and yet the plates articulate well with one another. Because of this, although the plates provide good protection for impacts from above, they nonetheless permit the chiton to flex upward when needed for locomotion over uneven surfaces, and also the animal can slowly curl up into a ball when it is dislodged from the underlying surface. The shell plates are surrounded by a structure known as a girdle.

Chiton (Ventral)

A ventral view of a chiton, showing p, foot; o, mouth; kr, oval fringe; and br, the numerous ctenidia.…

An illustration of the dorsal view of a chiton with the shell removed. Showing b, buccal mass; ov, ovary; od, oviduct; i, coils of intestine; ao, aorta; c' keft testine; and c, ventricle.

Chiton with Shell Removed

An illustration of the dorsal view of a chiton with the shell removed. Showing b, buccal mass; ov, ovary;…

"A coin, generally of unusual shape and rude workmanship, issued in a town or castle during a siege, when the operations of the ordinary mints are suspended." -Whitney, 1911
<p>This illustration is of the obverse side of the piece.

Newark Siege Piece - Obverse

"A coin, generally of unusual shape and rude workmanship, issued in a town or castle during a siege,…

The Common Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) is a species of aquatic salamander found throughout the northeastern United States, and parts of Canada. Pictured here is the lateral view of the cranium.

Cranium of the Common Mudpuppy (Lateral View)

The Common Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) is a species of aquatic salamander found throughout the northeastern…

The Common Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) is a species of aquatic salamander found throughout the northeastern United States, and parts of Canada. Pictured here is the dorsal view of the cranium.

Cranium of the Common Mudpuppy (Dorsal View)

The Common Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) is a species of aquatic salamander found throughout the northeastern…

The Common Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) is a species of aquatic salamander found throughout the northeastern United States, and parts of Canada. Pictured here is the ventral view of the cranium.

Cranium of the Common Mudpuppy (Ventral View)

The Common Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) is a species of aquatic salamander found throughout the northeastern…

Ichthyophis glutinosus or Ceylon Caecilian is a species of amphibian in the Ichthyophiidae family. Pictured here is the ventral view of the head and trunk.

Head of Ichthyophis Glutinosus

Ichthyophis glutinosus or Ceylon Caecilian is a species of amphibian in the Ichthyophiidae family. Pictured…

An illustration of Hope Jone's dial-driving device. "Each time that a current is sent by the master clock, the electromagnet B attracts the pivoted armature C, and then the current ceases the lever D with the projecting arm E is driven back to its old position by the spring F, thus driving the wheel A forward one division. G is a back stop click, and H, I fixed stops." &mdash;Britannica, 1910

Dial Driving Device

An illustration of Hope Jone's dial-driving device. "Each time that a current is sent by the master…

An illustration of the dorsal view of a stag beetle.

Stag Beetle (Dorsal)

An illustration of the dorsal view of a stag beetle.

The Hispid Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus) is a small rodent in the Cricetidae family of New World rats and mice.

Hispid Cotton Rat

The Hispid Cotton Rat (Sigmodon hispidus) is a small rodent in the Cricetidae family of New World rats…

Two young people sitting on the beach. Others are walking along the shore. There is a sailboat in the distance.

Relaxing on the Beach

Two young people sitting on the beach. Others are walking along the shore. There is a sailboat in the…

Boys and girls enjoying a hayride in the back of a horse drawn carriage.

Hayride

Boys and girls enjoying a hayride in the back of a horse drawn carriage.

An illustrative view of the dissection of he renal organs of a chiton. "F, foot; L, Edge of the mantle not removed in the front part of the specimen; s.o., Oesophagus; af, anus; gg, Genital duct; go, External opening of the same; eg, Stem of the nephridium leading to no, its external aperture; nk, reflected portion of the nephridial stem; ng, Fine caeca of the nephridium, which are seen ramifying transversely over the whole inner surface of the pedal muscular mass." -Britannica, 1910

Dissection of the Renal Organs of a Chiton

An illustrative view of the dissection of he renal organs of a chiton. "F, foot; L, Edge of the mantle…

A simple view of two people shaking hands.

Handshake

A simple view of two people shaking hands.

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds in the genus Phoenicopterus and family Phoenicopteridae. They are found in both the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere, but are more numerous in the former. There are four species in the Americas while two exist in the Old World. Two species, the Andean and the James's Flamingo, are often placed in the genus Phoenicoparrus instead of Phoenicopterus.

Flamingo

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds in the genus Phoenicopterus and family Phoenicopteridae. They…

Excitement among the animals as Mr. Elephant tries to get aboard.

A Flood in the Congo Valley

Excitement among the animals as Mr. Elephant tries to get aboard.

A transit telescope is a special purpose telescope mounted so as to allow it to be pointed only at objects in the sky crossing the local meridian, an event known as a transit. These telescopes rely on the rotation of the Earth to bring objects into their field of view.

Transit Telescope

A transit telescope is a special purpose telescope mounted so as to allow it to be pointed only at objects…

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense of asceticism &ndash; they are not relatively large as compared to others, but they present exceptionally detailed art works. The most remarkable Jain shrines are the <em>Chhota Kailash</em> (cave 30), the <em>Indra Sabha</em> (cave 32) and the <em>Jagannath Sabha</em> (cave 33). The <em>Indra Sabha</em> is a two storeyed shrine with a very fine carving of the lotus flower on the ceiling. In another cave, an imposing image of Ambika, the Yakshi (dedicated attendant deity) of Neminatha is found seated on her lion under a mango tree, laden with fruits. All other Jain caves are also characterized by intricate detailing. Many of the structures had rich paintings in the ceilings - fragments of which are still visible.

Indian Pillar from the Rock Temple of Parasona Rama at Ellora

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense…

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense of asceticism &ndash; they are not relatively large as compared to others, but they present exceptionally detailed art works. The most remarkable Jain shrines are the <em>Chhota Kailash</em> (cave 30), the <em>Indra Sabha</em> (cave 32) and the <em>Jagannath Sabha</em> (cave 33). The <em>Indra Sabha</em> is a two storeyed shrine with a very fine carving of the lotus flower on the ceiling. In another cave, an imposing image of Ambika, the Yakshi (dedicated attendant deity) of Neminatha is found seated on her lion under a mango tree, laden with fruits. All other Jain caves are also characterized by intricate detailing. Many of the structures had rich paintings in the ceilings - fragments of which are still visible.

Interior of Indra Sabha at Ellora

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense…

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense of asceticism &ndash; they are not relatively large as compared to others, but they present exceptionally detailed art works. The most remarkable Jain shrines are the <em>Chhota Kailash</em> (cave 30), the <em>Indra Sabha</em> (cave 32) and the <em>Jagannath Sabha</em> (cave 33). The <em>Indra Sabha</em> is a two storeyed shrine with a very fine carving of the lotus flower on the ceiling. In another cave, an imposing image of Ambika, the Yakshi (dedicated attendant deity) of Neminatha is found seated on her lion under a mango tree, laden with fruits. All other Jain caves are also characterized by intricate detailing. Many of the structures had rich paintings in the ceilings - fragments of which are still visible.

Indian Pillar at Ellora

Jain caves reveal specific dimensions of Jain philosophy and tradition. They reflect a strict sense…

&quot;Repair-link for round-link chain. A, section by a meridian plane; B, perspective elevation showing the completed link with both halves in place; C, top view of one half-section; D, top view of the other half-section, showing the break of the joint. The interrupted side is open wide enough to pass the stock of the solid link adjacent to the repair-link on either side.&quot; -Whitney, 1911

Repair Link of Chain

"Repair-link for round-link chain. A, section by a meridian plane; B, perspective elevation showing…

Muscles of the larynx-left lateral view. Labels: a, hyoepiglottideus; b, hyothyroideus; c, cricothyroideus.

Larynx Muscles of a Horse

Muscles of the larynx-left lateral view. Labels: a, hyoepiglottideus; b, hyothyroideus; c, cricothyroideus.

Muscles of the larynx-left lateral view-the thyroid wing being removed. Labels: a, arytenoideus; b, cricoarytenoideus posticus; c, cricoarytenoideus lateralis; d, thyroarytenoideus.

Larynx Muscles of a Horse

Muscles of the larynx-left lateral view-the thyroid wing being removed. Labels: a, arytenoideus; b,…

General view of the respiratory organs. Labels: a, septum nasi; b, posterior naris; c, larynx; d, trachea; e, thyroid gland; f, anterior mediastinum; g, posterior mediastinum; h, left lung; h', its apex; h&quot;, its base; h&quot;', its superior,and h&quot;&quot;, its inferior borders.

Respiratory Organs of a Horse

General view of the respiratory organs. Labels: a, septum nasi; b, posterior naris; c, larynx; d, trachea;…

Posterior view of the liver of an ox. Labels: a, left lobe; b, right lobe; c, spigelian lobe; d, quadrate lobe; e, superior border; e', anterior fissure; f, inferior border; f', notch for the umbilical vein; g, gall bladder; h, biliary tubes; i, cystic duct; k, ductus choledochus.

Liver of an Ox

Posterior view of the liver of an ox. Labels: a, left lobe; b, right lobe; c, spigelian lobe; d, quadrate…

Liver of a hog-posterior view. Labels: a, right external lobe; c, left external lobe; d, left internal lobe; e, spigelian lobe; f, posterior cava; g, quadrate lobe; h, gall bladder; i, cystic duct; k. ductus choledocus.

Liver of a Hog

Liver of a hog-posterior view. Labels: a, right external lobe; c, left external lobe; d, left internal…

The teeth of a lion.

Teeth of a Lion

The teeth of a lion.

Stomach of a dog-inflated. Labels: a, cardiac portion; b, pyloric portion; c, esophageal orifice; d, duodenum.

Stomach of a Dog

Stomach of a dog-inflated. Labels: a, cardiac portion; b, pyloric portion; c, esophageal orifice; d,…

Internal view of left thigh-showing the arteries. Labels: 1, femoral; a, profunda femoris; b, superficialis femoris; c, saphenic; d, muscular branches; e, femora; nutrient vessels cut; (the femoral becomes the popliteal at about this point); f, femoro-popiteal; f', its muscular branches; f&quot;, its descending branch; g, recurrent tibial; h, united trunk of saphenic and femoro-popliteal; i, internal plantar.

Thigh of a Horse Showing Arteries

Internal view of left thigh-showing the arteries. Labels: 1, femoral; a, profunda femoris; b, superficialis…

Arteries of the right posterior limb- external view. Labels: 1, popiteal; 2, posterior tibial; 3, anterior tibial; a, peroneal; b, muscular branches; 4, perforating pedal; 5, great metatarsal.

Leg of a Horse Showing Arteries

Arteries of the right posterior limb- external view. Labels: 1, popiteal; 2, posterior tibial; 3, anterior…

A pillar is similar to a column which is a vertical support structure in architecture, but the base section is any shape but circular. Tschultri, or choultry, is a resting place for visitors where rooms and food are provided by a charitable institution for nominal rates. Some were guest-houses where accommodation is free of charge. Choultries were famous in Colonial India. It was an Hindu-Caravanserai or a Colonnade. It was a typical ancient Indian type of hotel.

Pillar in Trimal Naik's Tschultri

A pillar is similar to a column which is a vertical support structure in architecture, but the base…

Detached hoof- supero-lateral view. Labels: a, crust or outer layer of the wall; b, horny laminae; c, superior border; d, cutigeral groove; e, inner surface of sole; f, inner surface of frog; f', frog-stay.

Hoof of a Horse

Detached hoof- supero-lateral view. Labels: a, crust or outer layer of the wall; b, horny laminae; c,…

The Great Pyramid of Giza, also called Khufu's Pyramid or the Pyramid of Khufu, and Pyramid of Cheops, is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now Cairo, Egypt, and is the only remaining member of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Great Pyramid of Giza

The Great Pyramid of Giza, also called Khufu's Pyramid or the Pyramid of Khufu, and Pyramid of Cheops,…

The Great Pyramid of Giza, also called Khufu's Pyramid or the Pyramid of Khufu, and Pyramid of Cheops, is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis bordering what is now Cairo, Egypt, and is the only remaining member of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The Great Pyramid is the only pyramid known to contain both ascending and descending passages. There are three known chambers inside the Great Pyramid. These are arranged centrally, on the vertical axis of the pyramid.

Great Pyramid of Giza, Cross Section

The Great Pyramid of Giza, also called Khufu's Pyramid or the Pyramid of Khufu, and Pyramid of Cheops,…

The Grand Gallery features a corbel haloed design and several cut &quot;sockets&quot; spaced at regular intervals along the length of each side of its raised base with a &quot;trench&quot; running along its center length at floor level. What purpose these sockets served is unknown. An antechamber leads from the Grand Gallery to the King's Chamber.

Great Pyramid of Giza, Section of the Grand Gallery

The Grand Gallery features a corbel haloed design and several cut "sockets" spaced at regular…

Sea urchins are small, globular, spiny sea creatures, composing most of class Echinoidea. They are found in oceans all over the world. Their shell, or &quot;test&quot;, is round and spiny, typically from 3 to 10 cm across. Common colors include black and dull shades of green, olive, brown, purple, and red. They move slowly, feeding mostly on algae. Sea otters, wolf eels, and other predators feed on urchins. Sea urchins are harvested and served as a delicacy.

Sea Urchin

Sea urchins are small, globular, spiny sea creatures, composing most of class Echinoidea. They are found…

An illustration of the front (right) and back (left) of the French contrabassoon.

French Contrabassoon

An illustration of the front (right) and back (left) of the French contrabassoon.

The King's Chamber is lined with red granite brought from Aswan 935 km (580 miles) to the south, of which the blocks used for the roof are estimated to weigh 50 to 80 tons. Egyptologists believe they were transported on barges down the Nile river.

Great Pyramid of Giza, King's Chamber

The King's Chamber is lined with red granite brought from Aswan 935 km (580 miles) to the south, of…

An illustration of a lady and a king standing together.

A Lady and a King

An illustration of a lady and a king standing together.

An illustration of King Edward II's children: Eleanor, Edward, John, and Joanna.

Children of Edward II

An illustration of King Edward II's children: Eleanor, Edward, John, and Joanna.

Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the River Nile in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 <small>BC</small>. The temple properly begins with the 24 meter (79 ft) high First Pylon, built by Ramesses II. The pylon was decorated with scenes of Ramesses's military triumphs (particularly the Battle of Kadesh). Pylon is the Greek term for a monumental gateway of an Egyptian temple. It consists of two tapering towers, each surmounted by a cornice, joined by a less elevated section which enclosed the entrance between them.

Pylon at the Palace at Luxor, Profile with Colossal Statue and Obelisk

Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the River Nile in…

Annual Honesty (Lunaria annua) is a tall (height about 1 m), hairy-stemmed biennial plant found throughout Europe, North America, and parts of Asia. It has large, pointed oval leaves with marked serrations. The common name "Honesty" arose in the 16th century, and it may be due to the translucent seed-pods which are like flattened pea-pods and borne on the plant through winter. In South-East Asia and elsewhere, it is called the Money Plant, because its seed pods have the appearance of silver coins. In the United States it may also be known as "Silver Dollars," also because of the seed pods.

Annual Honesty

Annual Honesty (Lunaria annua) is a tall (height about 1 m), hairy-stemmed biennial plant found throughout…

An illustration showing the early stages of balanus: A, nauplis (larva); e, Eye; B, Cypris-larva with a bivalve shell just before becoming attached; C, After becoming attached, side views; D, Later state, viewed from above; E, side view, later stage and cirri extended.

Early Stages of Balanus

An illustration showing the early stages of balanus: A, nauplis (larva); e, Eye; B, Cypris-larva with…

The serious, solemn, and awe-inspiring efect which the general arrangement of the temple produces is maintained by the smaller details, while the slanting form of the outer walls gives the temple an appearance of solidity and isolation. On this account, and especially owing to its simple unbroken lines, the exterior although monotonous and heavy, is still imposing. The chief peculiarity in the construction of these buildings is that they produce the effect of being composed of an agglomeration of separate parts, which resemble on another, but become smaller and smaller towards the rear of the structure.

Back View of the Temple of Philæ

The serious, solemn, and awe-inspiring efect which the general arrangement of the temple produces is…

"Sansa. An African musical instrument which consists of a sounding-board of some hard wood with strips of iron, or occasionally bamboo, fastened to it so as to leave one end free to vibrate." -Whitney, 1911

Sansa

"Sansa. An African musical instrument which consists of a sounding-board of some hard wood with strips…

"Sarinda. A Hindu viol, which has a body made of a single wooden block, elliptical in general contour, flat in front and arched at the back, which is hollowed out to a shell." -Whitney, 1911

Sarinda

"Sarinda. A Hindu viol, which has a body made of a single wooden block, elliptical in general contour,…

The interior has a richer appearance, chiefly owing to the use of columns of a round cylindrical shape. These are, moreover, of the most varied form, and without exception represent objects drawn from the vegetable world.

Interior of the Temple of Philæ

The interior has a richer appearance, chiefly owing to the use of columns of a round cylindrical shape.…

Instead of columns, square piers are not infrequently introduced in the tombs. In structural buildings they only occur in connection with colossal statues; in which case the pier supports the roof, and the statue, while connected with the pier at the back, has its head free, without supporting anything.

Profile of the Colossal Statue on a Pier at the Luxor Temple

Instead of columns, square piers are not infrequently introduced in the tombs. In structural buildings…