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A plan of the development of the bones of the hand.

Hand Development

A plan of the development of the bones of the hand.

A anterior view of the ligaments of the wrist and hand.

Hand Ligaments

A anterior view of the ligaments of the wrist and hand.

A posterior view of the ligaments of the wrist and hand.

Hand Ligaments

A posterior view of the ligaments of the wrist and hand.

A small cubed marked on its faces with spots numbering from one to six, used in gaming from being thrown from a box or hand.

Roman Die

A small cubed marked on its faces with spots numbering from one to six, used in gaming from being thrown…

The skeletal hand of a human.

Skeletal Hand

The skeletal hand of a human.

Illustration showing the hand and food of a chimpanzee.

Chimpanzee Hands

Illustration showing the hand and food of a chimpanzee.

The Triumph of Columbus. A fac-simile of the original sketch by Columbus himsef, was sent by him from Seville in 1502, and is preserved in the city hall at Genoa. The figure sitting beside Columbus is Providence; Envy and Ignorance are hinted at as monsters following in his wake; while Constancy, Tolerance, the Christian Religion, Victory, and Hope attend him. Above all is the floating figure of Fame blowing two trumpets, one marked "Genoa," the other "Fama Columbi." Harrisse says that good judges assign this picture to Columbus' own hand, though none of the drawings ascribed to him are authentic beyond doubt; while it is very true that he had the reputation of being a good draughtsman.

Triumph of Columbus

The Triumph of Columbus. A fac-simile of the original sketch by Columbus himsef, was sent by him from…

A hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

Hall Tree

A hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

A hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

Hall Tree

A hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

An ornamental hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

Hall Tree

An ornamental hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

An ornamental hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

Hall Tree

An ornamental hand carved hall tree made out of quartered oak.

A hand polished tabourette made out of solid mahogany.

Tabourette

A hand polished tabourette made out of solid mahogany.

A hand polished parlor stand made out of quartered oak.

Parlor Stand

A hand polished parlor stand made out of quartered oak.

A hand carved parlor table made out of quartered oak.

Parlor Table

A hand carved parlor table made out of quartered oak.

A heavy, hand carved sideboard made out of quartered oak.

Sideboard

A heavy, hand carved sideboard made out of quartered oak.

A sideboard and china closet combined. Made out of quartered oak, hand carved and highly polished.

Sideboard and China Closet

A sideboard and china closet combined. Made out of quartered oak, hand carved and highly polished.

A hand polished high curtain office desk made out of solid oak.

Office Desk

A hand polished high curtain office desk made out of solid oak.

A hand polished high curtain office desk made out of solid oak.

Office Desk

A hand polished high curtain office desk made out of solid oak.

Chief Quoniambec was ruler of Brazil during the 16th century.

Chief Quoniambec

Chief Quoniambec was ruler of Brazil during the 16th century.

The first position to be taken, when placing the hand in correct position for writing.

Penmanship

The first position to be taken, when placing the hand in correct position for writing.

The hand elevated upon the two lower fingers, with the pen placed in correct position for writing.

Penmanship

The hand elevated upon the two lower fingers, with the pen placed in correct position for writing.

The front view of the hand showing the position of the forefinger, which should rest squarely on the top of the holder.

Penmanship

The front view of the hand showing the position of the forefinger, which should rest squarely on the…

An incorrect way to hold a pen. The result of dropping the hand too heavily upon the wrist and allowing it to roll to one side.

Incorrect Penmanship

An incorrect way to hold a pen. The result of dropping the hand too heavily upon the wrist and allowing…

"Curves other than arcs of circles are drawn with the pencil or ruling pen by means of curved or irregular-shaped rulers, called irregular curves. A series of points is first determined through which the curved line is to pass. The line is then drawn through these points by using such parts of the irregular curve as will pass through several of the points at once, the curve being shifted from time to time as required." — Hallock, 1905

Irregular Curves

"Curves other than arcs of circles are drawn with the pencil or ruling pen by means of curved or irregular-shaped…

"Carte, Guard. Turn wrist with nails upwards; hand on a line with lower part of breast; arm somewhat bent, and elbow inclined a little to the outside; point of foil elevated at an angle of about 15 degrees, and directed at upper part of adversary's breast." — Chambers, 1881

Carte

"Carte, Guard. Turn wrist with nails upwards; hand on a line with lower part of breast; arm somewhat…

"Seconde, Parade. Nails and wrist downward, hand opposed outward, and blade, pointing low, should form an angle of about 45 degrees with the ground." — Chambers, 1881

Seconde

"Seconde, Parade. Nails and wrist downward, hand opposed outward, and blade, pointing low, should form…

"In the classical mythology, the goddess of Health- the daughter of Aesculapius. She was worshipped at Athens, Corinth, Argos, and other important cities, and in works of art is usually represented as a blooming virgin, with a snake, the symbol of health, which drinks from a cup held in her hand." — Chambers, 1881

Hygieia

"In the classical mythology, the goddess of Health- the daughter of Aesculapius. She was worshipped…

"A primitive mill for grinding corn, the stone of which was turned by the hand before the invention of windmills or water-mills. It is a contrivance of great antiquity, and so well adapted for the wants of a primitive people, that we find it perpetuated to the present day in remote districts of Ireland, and some parts of the Western Islands of Scotland." — Chambers, 1881

Quern

"A primitive mill for grinding corn, the stone of which was turned by the hand before the invention…

Fifteen children holding their hands above their heads.

Children

Fifteen children holding their hands above their heads.

A girl standing with her hands at her shoulders.

Girl Standing

A girl standing with her hands at her shoulders.

A girl standing with her hands straight out in the air.

Girl Standing

A girl standing with her hands straight out in the air.

A girl standing with her hands to her face, crying.

Girl Crying

A girl standing with her hands to her face, crying.

A girl standing with her arm in front of her, pointing at something.

Girl Pointing

A girl standing with her arm in front of her, pointing at something.

"A form of dough-making machine in common use. It consists of a trough or box, the lower portion of which is semi-cylindrical, hung on a spindle, with a series of iron crossbars revolving inside. It is made to be worked by either hand or steam-power, and of various sizes, as required by bakers. In this machine the whole of the operations connected with setting the sponge, breaking the sponge, and mixing the dough, are performed. The gearing is arranged to give a fast motion for setting the sponge, and a slow motion towards the close of the dough making, when it is desireable to draw out the mass in order to give it a "skin," or smooth superficial texture." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Kneading Machine

"A form of dough-making machine in common use. It consists of a trough or box, the lower portion of…

"The trough is a castiron basin, which turns on a vertical axis. The interior is provided with a kneader, shaped like a lyre, which first works up the dough and then divides it during the entire period of operation. Two other implements are also used, of a helical form, to draw out and inflate the dough in all directions, part by part, as is practised in kneading by hand." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Kneading Machine

"The trough is a castiron basin, which turns on a vertical axis. The interior is provided with a kneader,…

A narrow board with parallel edges having a stright line drawn through the middle, and a string carrying a metal weight attached to the upper end of the line. It is used by masons, bricklayers, and carpenters to determine a vertical.

Plumb Rule

A narrow board with parallel edges having a stright line drawn through the middle, and a string carrying…

A human hand with more than the normal number of fingers.

Hand

A human hand with more than the normal number of fingers.

"A front view of a common English house clock with the face taken off, showing the repeating or rack striking movement. Here, M is the hourwheel on the pipeof which the minute-hand is set, N the reversed hour-wheel, and n its pinion, driving the 12-hour wheel H, on whose socket is ficed what is called the snail Y, which belongs to the striking work exclusively. The hammer is raised by the eight pins in the rim of the second wheel in the striking train, in the manner which is obvious." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

English House Clock

"A front view of a common English house clock with the face taken off, showing the repeating or rack…

"This machine consists essentially of a horizontal piston and cylinder engine fixed upon a platform carried upon four wheels, which are coupled together by side rods, so that on motion being communicated by means of a mitre wheel in the hind axle, it can be moved forward by hand. On the forward end of the frame are two bosses forming the centres for a pair of bell cranks or bent levers places close to the ground, and facing in opposite directions, either one of which can be connected with the piston rod. The outer arm of each lever carries a square socket, into which is fixed the pick, which has two cutting heads, one placed a little in front of the other so as to cut to the whole depth at one operation." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Coal-cutting Machine

"This machine consists essentially of a horizontal piston and cylinder engine fixed upon a platform…

A type of printing press.

Hand Press

A type of printing press.

"Close to the place where the dredge is emptied there ought to be a tub about 2 feet in diameter and 20 inches deep, provided with a set of sieves so arranged that the lowest sieve fits freel within the bottom of the tub, and the three remaining sieves fit freely within one another. Each sieve has a pair of iron handles through which the hand can pass easily, and the handles of the largest sieve are made long, so that the whole nest can be lifted without stooping or putting the arms into the water." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Set of Sieves

"Close to the place where the dredge is emptied there ought to be a tub about 2 feet in diameter and…

"The hand-gun was used by both infantry and cavalry; it consisted of a simple iron or brass tube with touch-hole at the top, fixed on a straight stock of wood; when used on foot, the soldier held it firmly by passing the stock under the arm; when used on horseback he stock was shortened to butt against the breast, the barrel resting on a fork secured to the saddle bow." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Hand-Gun

"The hand-gun was used by both infantry and cavalry; it consisted of a simple iron or brass tube with…

"Nordenfelt Machine Gun. 1-10, parts of frame; 11, breech plug; 12, striker; 13, extractor; 14, cartridge receiver; 15-18, 23-31, lock and trigger parts; 19-22, locking action; 32-35, loading action; 36-39, cartridge receiver; 40, cover; 41-44, parts of hand-lever; 45-49, traversing action; 50-55, elevating and trailing action; 56, 56, hopper and slide." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Machine Gun

"Nordenfelt Machine Gun. 1-10, parts of frame; 11, breech plug; 12, striker; 13, extractor; 14, cartridge…

"Varieties of Hand Hammers." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Hand Hammers

"Varieties of Hand Hammers." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Tilt Hammer." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Tilt Hammer

"Tilt Hammer." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Steam Hammer." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Steam Hammer

"Steam Hammer." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Axe." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Axe

"Axe." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"Woodman's felling axe." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Woodman's Axe

"Woodman's felling axe." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The wedge axe (which was one of the first American improvements in edge tools introduced into Europe)." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Wedge Axe

"The wedge axe (which was one of the first American improvements in edge tools introduced into Europe)."…

"The shipwright's axe." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Shipwrights Axe

"The shipwright's axe." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The ordinary mortice chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Chisel

"The ordinary mortice chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The socket chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Chisel

"The socket chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The blacksmith's chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Chisel

"The blacksmith's chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The cross-cut chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Chisel

"The cross-cut chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The diamond point chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Chisel

"The diamond point chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The round-nose chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Chisel

"The round-nose chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The mason's chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Chisel

"The mason's chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The jumper chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Chisel

"The jumper chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The firmer chisel used by carpenters." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Chisel

"The firmer chisel used by carpenters." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

"The carver's chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Chisel

"The carver's chisel." — Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893