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"The Orange-tips have, in the males, the extremity of the upper wings of a beautiful orange yellow. The rest of the wing is white."

Anthocharis Cardamines

"The Orange-tips have, in the males, the extremity of the upper wings of a beautiful orange yellow.…

"One of the largest and most beautiful butterflies. The chrysalis, attached to a grass stalk, is sometimes light green, sometimes grayish."

Larva and Chrysalis of Papilio Machaon

"One of the largest and most beautiful butterflies. The chrysalis, attached to a grass stalk, is sometimes…

"The Parnassius Apollo is a beautiful butterfly, which appears in June and July, and is found commonly enough in the Alps and Pyrenees mountains."

Parnassius Apollo

"The Parnassius Apollo is a beautiful butterfly, which appears in June and July, and is found commonly…

"The Peacock Butterfly is very easily recognized by the peacock's eyes - to the number of four, one on each wing - which have gained for it the name it bears."

Peacock Butterfly (Vanessa Io)

"The Peacock Butterfly is very easily recognized by the peacock's eyes - to the number of four, one…

The caterpillar is suspended by a band it weaves itself.

Caterpillars of the Pieris Brassicae

The caterpillar is suspended by a band it weaves itself.

"Shows the chrysalis in two different positions, and held by the same band which first supported the caterpillar."

Pupae of Pieris Brassicae

"Shows the chrysalis in two different positions, and held by the same band which first supported the…

A specimen of the caterpillar which makes their cocoons of silk with other materials.

Small Caterpillar of Pimpernel

A specimen of the caterpillar which makes their cocoons of silk with other materials.

Representation of the cocoon of the Pimpernel.

Cocoon of the Pimpernel

Representation of the cocoon of the Pimpernel.

"The head of the angular pupae terminates sometimes in two angular parts, which diverge from each other like two horns."

Angular Pupa of a Butterfly

"The head of the angular pupae terminates sometimes in two angular parts, which diverge from each other…

"On the upper part of the [insect's under sides], we perceive various raised portions, formed and arranged like the bands around the heads of mummies."

Conical Pupa

"On the upper part of the [insect's under sides], we perceive various raised portions, formed and arranged…

"A great many others have in the upper part, along the edges which separate the two sides, little humps, eminences broader than they are thick, ending in a sharp point."

Pupa Having Angular Projections

"A great many others have in the upper part, along the edges which separate the two sides, little humps,…

"In the month of July, the <em>Apatura Ilia</em> and the Purple Emperor may be observed in the woods. They are marked by a strong flight."

Apatura Ilia

"In the month of July, the Apatura Ilia and the Purple Emperor may be observed in the woods.…

"The Purple Hair-streak is not so rare in the woods, but is very difficult to catch, as it flies nearly always by couples at the tops of trees."

Thecla Quercus

"The Purple Hair-streak is not so rare in the woods, but is very difficult to catch, as it flies nearly…

"This was the beginning of a cocoon. Each triangular blade was composed of a great number of small, thin, rectangular plates, taken from the bark of the tree."

Cocoon of Pyralis Corticalis

"This was the beginning of a cocoon. Each triangular blade was composed of a great number of small,…

"In the meadows are often found the Copper Butterflies. They are very common from the end of May until late in the autumn."

Small Copper (Polyommatus [Lycaena] Phlaeas)

"In the meadows are often found the Copper Butterflies. They are very common from the end of May until…

Resembles the Large Tortoise Shell Butterfly, but is smaller.

Small Tortoise Shell Butterfly (Vanessa Urticae)

Resembles the Large Tortoise Shell Butterfly, but is smaller.

"They select some convenient spot, where they hang themselves up, head downward."

Caterpillars of the Small Tortoise-shell Butterfly (Vanessa Urticae) Undergoing Their Metamorphoses

"They select some convenient spot, where they hang themselves up, head downward."

"To set itself entirely free, the chrysalis alternately lengthens and shortens itself. The old skin gradually pushed upward, until it is considerably shortened."

Chrysalides of the Small Tortoise-shell Butterfly Freeing Themselves from the Caterpillar Skin

"To set itself entirely free, the chrysalis alternately lengthens and shortens itself. The old skin…

"One of the largest and most beautiful butterflies. It lives on the fennel, carrot and other such plants."

Swallow Tailed Butterfly (Papilio Machaon)

"One of the largest and most beautiful butterflies. It lives on the fennel, carrot and other such plants."

Its lower wings have tails longer and narrower than the standard Swallow Tailed Butterfly. This species is not rare in some parts of Europe, but is scarce in England.

The Scarce Swallow Tailed Butterfly (Papilio Podalirius)

Its lower wings have tails longer and narrower than the standard Swallow Tailed Butterfly. This species…

A sequenced illustration of the cabbage butterfly undergoing metamorphosis. The butterfly starts out as a caterpillar (bottom), then forms pupa to develop wings to become a butterfly.

Three Stages of Cabbage Buterfly

A sequenced illustration of the cabbage butterfly undergoing metamorphosis. The butterfly starts out…

The trunk is "directed downward and plunged into the flower. The insect draws it partly out, and perhaps curves it a little, and then plunges it into the flower again. It repeats the same maneuver seven or eight times, and then flies onto another flower."

Section of a Butterfly's Trunk, after Reaumur

The trunk is "directed downward and plunged into the flower. The insect draws it partly out, and perhaps…

Certain caterpillars will roll an oak leaf in order to take refuge inside. "Packets of threads are attached by one end to the surface of the roll, and by the other to the flat surface of the leaf."

Oak Leaf Rolled Perpendicularly

Certain caterpillars will roll an oak leaf in order to take refuge inside. "Packets of threads are attached…

Certain caterpillars will roll an oak leaf in order to take refuge inside. "Packets of threads are attached by one end to the surface of the roll, and by the other to the flat surface of the leaf."

Oak Leaf Rolled Sideways

Certain caterpillars will roll an oak leaf in order to take refuge inside. "Packets of threads are attached…

"Besides the rolling and folding caterpillars, there are still those which bind up a good many leaves in one packet. These packets are to be found on nearly every tree and shrub; the caterpillar lying nearly in the middle of the packet, is well sheltered, and surrounded by a good supply of food."

Willow Leaves Rolled by a Caterpillar

"Besides the rolling and folding caterpillars, there are still those which bind up a good many leaves…

"Besides the rolling and folding caterpillars, there are still those which bind up a good many leaves in one packet. These packets are to be found on nearly every tree and shrub; the caterpillar lying nearly in the middle of the packet, is well sheltered, and surrounded by a good supply of food."

Section of Willow Leaves Rolled by a Caterpillar

"Besides the rolling and folding caterpillars, there are still those which bind up a good many leaves…

The covering of millipedes and centipedes, which looks like jointed armor, gives firmness to the body, and furnishes points of attachment to the muscles.

Centipede

The covering of millipedes and centipedes, which looks like jointed armor, gives firmness to the body,…

"Chrysops Caecutiens torment horses and cattle very much by biting them around the eyes."

Chrysops Caecutiens

"Chrysops Caecutiens torment horses and cattle very much by biting them around the eyes."

This species can be heard in summer and autumn at most any time making its peculiar trilling noise in the shade and forest trees.

Cicada Pruinosa

This species can be heard in summer and autumn at most any time making its peculiar trilling noise in…

Also known as the Seventeen-Year Locust, derives its specific name from the fact that it makes its appearance in certain districts at stated intervals of seventeen years in immense numbers, when the millions of them, swarming on the forest and fruit trees, almost deafen the observer with their trilling calls to the female, and form an abundant feast to the swine, fowls, and wild animals on the land, and if near a river or lake, to the fishes in the water.

Cicada Septendecim

Also known as the Seventeen-Year Locust, derives its specific name from the fact that it makes its appearance…

"Female Cicada Laying her Eggs in the Groove She has Bored in the Branch of a Tree. While the female does not sing, she is given an organ which is of more practical value. This is a sort of an auger, destined to penetrate the back of the branches of trees."

Female Cicada Laying her Eggs

"Female Cicada Laying her Eggs in the Groove She has Bored in the Branch of a Tree. While the female…

"From the eggs deposited come small, white grubs, which leave their nest in the wood to bury themselves in the ground."

Larva of the Cicada

"From the eggs deposited come small, white grubs, which leave their nest in the wood to bury themselves…

"It produces a deafening and monotonous song. The Greeks, however, seem to have had quite a peculiar taste for this song."

Male Cicada

"It produces a deafening and monotonous song. The Greeks, however, seem to have had quite a peculiar…

"This is a membrane in the shape of a kettledrum, not smooth, but, on the contrary, crumpled and full or wrinkles."

Musical Apparatus of the Male Cicada

"This is a membrane in the shape of a kettledrum, not smooth, but, on the contrary, crumpled and full…

"At the end of spring they have developed into pupae. The come out of the earth, and hook themselves n the trunks of trees, and strip themselves of their skin, which remains whole and dry."

Pupa of the Cicada

"At the end of spring they have developed into pupae. The come out of the earth, and hook themselves…

"The larvae are changed into perfect insects, which take up their abode permanently on the branches of the cacti."

Cochineal Insects on the Branches of the Cactus

"The larvae are changed into perfect insects, which take up their abode permanently on the branches…

"It is this little insect which furnishes, when its body has been dried and reduced to powder, a coloring matter of a beautiful red, peculiar to itself."

Cochineal Insects, Female (Coccus Cacti)

"It is this little insect which furnishes, when its body has been dried and reduced to powder, a coloring…

"It is this little insect which furnishes, when its body has been dried and reduced to powder, a coloring matter of a beautiful red, peculiar to itself."

Cochineal Insects, Male (Coccus Cacti)

"It is this little insect which furnishes, when its body has been dried and reduced to powder, a coloring…

Gathering Cochineal in Algeria

Gathering Cochineal in Algeria

Gathering Cochineal in Algeria

"It hides in the cracks of walls or against the hinges of doors; it swarms in kitchens. They can bore holes through trunks, through cases and through bags, and destroy objects which were supposed to be in perfect safety."

Cockroach (Blatta Orientalis)

"It hides in the cracks of walls or against the hinges of doors; it swarms in kitchens. They can bore…

"Portion of the comb, with the eggs occupying the cells. One of the royal cells has been opened by the queen."

Portion of the Comb

"Portion of the comb, with the eggs occupying the cells. One of the royal cells has been opened by the…

Beetles are one of the most extensive orders of insects. The beetle is recognized by its front wings which from a tough case protecting the real wings.

Common Garden Beetle

Beetles are one of the most extensive orders of insects. The beetle is recognized by its front wings…

Conops "are to be found on flowers, of which they suck the honeyed juice."

Conops

Conops "are to be found on flowers, of which they suck the honeyed juice."

"It breathes, like some other insects, through its tail. It walks badly and slowly on land, but swims and cuts through the water with a prodigious rapidity."

Corixa Striata

"It breathes, like some other insects, through its tail. It walks badly and slowly on land, but swims…

"The compound are composed of many lenses, forming hexagonal facettes. The exterior of the eye is called the cornea."

A Compound Cornea

"The compound are composed of many lenses, forming hexagonal facettes. The exterior of the eye is called…

The machine is supported upon two wheels, one in the rear of the other. The body is hopper shaped, with a pair of crushing-rollers at the bottom. At each side there are revolving-wings, which sweeps the insects into the hopper, and in addition to these there are two gathering-fingers, which support the vines during the passage of the machine.

Crushing Insect Sifter

The machine is supported upon two wheels, one in the rear of the other. The body is hopper shaped, with…

"A little fly about half the size of a house-fly. This insect lives chiefly upon the fruit of the olive-tree."

Dacus Oleae

"A little fly about half the size of a house-fly. This insect lives chiefly upon the fruit of the olive-tree."

"It requires twenty-seven to twenty-eight days for this insect to pass to its perfect state."

Gallery Formed by Larvae of Dacus Oleae

"It requires twenty-seven to twenty-eight days for this insect to pass to its perfect state."

"They pass fifteen or sixteen days in boring a gallery in the pulp of the olive, at first vertically, untiil they reach the stone, then on one side, and along the side of the stone."

Larvae of Dacus Oleae

"They pass fifteen or sixteen days in boring a gallery in the pulp of the olive, at first vertically,…

"A little fly about half the size of a house-fly. This insect lives chiefly upon the fruit of the olive-tree."

Olives attacked by Dacus Oleae

"A little fly about half the size of a house-fly. This insect lives chiefly upon the fruit of the olive-tree."

"Sometimes these insects destroy grass; they often injure the harvest."

Daddy Long Legs (Tipula Oleracea)

"Sometimes these insects destroy grass; they often injure the harvest."

This insect can be beneficial to gardens. This insect eats other insects and snails.

Devil's Coach Horse

This insect can be beneficial to gardens. This insect eats other insects and snails.

"Digestive apparatus of the common beetle." A: Mouth B: Esophagus C: Crop D: Gizzard E: Chylific entricle F: Small intestine G: Large intestine H: Anus

Digestive Apparatus of Carabus Auratus

"Digestive apparatus of the common beetle." A: Mouth B: Esophagus C: Crop D: Gizzard E: Chylific entricle…

"The adult dragon-fly coming out of the nymph."

Libellula Emerging

"The adult dragon-fly coming out of the nymph."

"The Dragon Fly has a large, broad head, very freely attached to the thorax, and large, convex, prominent eyes, which often meet upon the crown of the head. Some 1,400 species have been described from all parts of the world."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Dragonfly

"The Dragon Fly has a large, broad head, very freely attached to the thorax, and large, convex, prominent…

"They derive nourishment from flowers, deposit their eggs on caterpillars, and the young larvae on hatching penetrate their bodies, and feed on them."

Echinomyia Grossa

"They derive nourishment from flowers, deposit their eggs on caterpillars, and the young larvae on hatching…

The female gipsy moth is larger than the male. The wings are a dingy or yellowish white with darker markings. There is a distinct black mark near the center of the fore wing.

Female Gipsy Moth

The female gipsy moth is larger than the male. The wings are a dingy or yellowish white with darker…

"The common Flea has an oval body, somewhat flattened, and covered with a rather horay skin."

Flea (Pulex Irritans)

"The common Flea has an oval body, somewhat flattened, and covered with a rather horay skin."

"In these the head is generally of considerable size, and is furnished with a pair of large, compressed eyes, which occupy nearly its whole surface. The legs are well-developed, the tarsi composed of five joints, terminated by a pair of claws; the abdominal rings are distinct." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Flies

"In these the head is generally of considerable size, and is furnished with a pair of large, compressed…

"The Lantern-fly is found in large numbers in South America. This remarkable insect enjoys a great renown by a peculiarity which might be called its specialty - the property of shining by night or in the dark."

Lantern Fly (Fulgora Lanternaria)

"The Lantern-fly is found in large numbers in South America. This remarkable insect enjoys a great renown…