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Plants smaller; not wite-powdery above; leaves shed water easily; flowers along fleshy spike enclosed in a leafy sheath.

Orontium

Plants smaller; not wite-powdery above; leaves shed water easily; flowers along fleshy spike enclosed…

An illustration of a leaf of the osage-orange plant showing nervation. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or Bois D'Arc (Maclura pomifera) is dioeceous plant species, with male and female flowers on different plants. It is a small deciduous tree or large shrub, typically growing to 8–15 metres (26–49 ft) tall. The fruit, a multiple fruit, is roughly spherical, but bumpy, and 7-15 cm in diameter, and it is filled with a sticky white latex sap. In fall, its color turns a bright yellow-green and it has a faint odor similar to that of oranges

Leaf of Osage-Orange

An illustration of a leaf of the osage-orange plant showing nervation. Osage-orange, Horse-apple or…

Spores borne on terminal modified leaves; divisions of the leaf larger, more than 2 cm long.

Osmunda

Spores borne on terminal modified leaves; divisions of the leaf larger, more than 2 cm long.

The branch of an Ostrya knowltoni.

Branch of Ostrya Knowltoni

The branch of an Ostrya knowltoni.

The basal portion of the pistil in which the seeds or ovules are bourne.

Ovary

The basal portion of the pistil in which the seeds or ovules are bourne.

Having an outline like that of an egg, with the broadest part downward.

Ovate

Having an outline like that of an egg, with the broadest part downward.

This shows an ovate leaf.

Ovate Leaf Shape

This shows an ovate leaf.

Also known as Quercus lyrata. The branch of an Overcup Oak tree, native to the wetlands of the United States.

Branch of Overcup Oak

Also known as Quercus lyrata. The branch of an Overcup Oak tree, native to the wetlands of the United…

A fern with short, ovate fronds.

Polypodium Lycopodioides Owariense

A fern with short, ovate fronds.

Fruit flattened dorsally; fruit prominently winged.

Oxypolis

Fruit flattened dorsally; fruit prominently winged.

Also known as Salix lucida. The branch of a Pacific Willow tree, native to wetland habitats in northern and western North America.

Branch of Pacific Willow

Also known as Salix lucida. The branch of a Pacific Willow tree, native to wetland habitats in northern…

"Dorystigma. 1. a corolla laid open; 2. calyx and pistil; 3. seed; 4. section of ditto." -Lindley, 1853

Pandanus

"Dorystigma. 1. a corolla laid open; 2. calyx and pistil; 3. seed; 4. section of ditto." -Lindley, 1853

An irregularly compund flower cluster with stalked flowers.

Panicle

An irregularly compund flower cluster with stalked flowers.

Spikelets not inflated as base.

Panicum

Spikelets not inflated as base.

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - long, reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed, in small leaves, sometimes rounded. Base - taper-pointed or slightly rounded. Leaf - five to ten inches long, thin, rusty downy with young, soon becoming smooth and polished. Bark - slivery-gray, smooth and polished; young shoots downy. Flowers - one and a half inches wide; dark to light, in drooping clusters, appearing with the leaves. March, April. Fruit - about three inches long by one and a half inches thick, egg-shape, yellow, about ten-seeded, fragrant, sweet, and edible. October. Found - from Western New York to Southern Iowa and southward. General Information - A small tree of unpleasant odor when bruised, ten to twenty feet high (or often only a bush) and densely clothed with its long leaves. <p>General Information - A small tree of unpleasant odor when bruised, ten to twenty feet high (or often only a bush) and densely clothed with its long leaves.

Genus Asimina, Adans (Papaw)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - long, reverse egg-shape. Apex - pointed, in small…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharply and unequally double-toothed. Outline - egg-shaped. Apex - pointed. Base - rounded, slightly heart-shaped, or, rarely, wedge-shaped. Leaf/Stem - downy. Leaf - two to three inches long; dark green and smooth above; beneath, dull, and with the ribs somewhat hairy, especially in their angles. Bark - of trunk very tough and durable; thick; snow-white on the outside; easily removed from the wood, and then itself very separable into paper-like sheets. The inner sheets are of a reddish tinge. Found - in the mountains of Northern Pennsylvania, New England, and far northward, farther than any other non-evergreen tree of America, excepting the aspen. General Information - A tree, forty to seventy feet high. The wood is light, hard, and very close-grained, but decays rapidly when exposed - more rapidly than the bark, which often remains as a shell long after the wood within has disappeared. It is very largely used in making spools, pegs, shoe-lasts, in turnery, for wood-pulp, and for fuel. The waterproof bark is much used by Indians and trappers for their canoes. "Give me of your bark, O Birch-Tree! Of your yellow bark, O Birch-Tree! Growing by the rushing river, Tall and stately in the valley! I a light canoe will build me, That shall float upon the river, Like a yellow leaf in autumn, Like a yellow water-lily. 'Lay aside your cloak, O Birch-Tree! Lay aside your white-skin wrapper, For the summer time is coming, And the sun is warm in the heaven, And you need no white-skin wrapper!'" Hiawatha

Genus Betula, L. (Birch)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge sharply and unequally double-toothed. Outline - egg-shaped. Apex -…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge irregularly sharp-toothed, or, at times unequally and very variously two- to three-lobed. Outline - very nearly that of the Red Mulberry broad egg-shape. Apex - taper-pointed (when there are side lobes their ends also pointed). Base - rounded or slightly pointed, rarely, in the small leaves, slightly heart-shaped. Leaf/Stem - rough. Leaf - usually about five inches long, sometimes nine inches; thick, rough above, very velvety-rough. The main ribs are very distinct, and are thickly netted with smaller ones. Bark - light and smoothish. Flowers - in long aments and balls. Fruit - not edible. General Information - An introduced tree, common around houses or escaped from cultivation. A low-branching, large-headed shade tree of medium size, introduced from Japan. In Japan and China the bark of the Paper Mulberry is made into paper, whence the name.

Genus Broussonetia, L'Her.

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge irregularly sharp-toothed, or, at times unequally and very variously…

Pardanthus chinensis flowers are nearly two inches across and are orange colored spotted with purple-brown. The stem is erect and leafy.

Inflorescence and Leaf of Pardanthus Chinensis

Pardanthus chinensis flowers are nearly two inches across and are orange colored spotted with purple-brown.…

Also known as Quercus engelmannii. The branch of a Pasadena Oak tree, native to California.

Branch of Pasadena Oak

Also known as Quercus engelmannii. The branch of a Pasadena Oak tree, native to California.

Leaves not flat-floating; inflourescences large and conspicuous.

Paspalum

Leaves not flat-floating; inflourescences large and conspicuous.

The common names of pavia are buckeye and smooth-fruited horse chestnut. The californica variety has white or pale rose flowers. The flowers are very fragrant and cover the dense head of the tree. Pictured is the flowering branch, detached leaf, flower, and young fruit of pavia californica.

Pavia Californica

The common names of pavia are buckeye and smooth-fruited horse chestnut. The californica variety has…

Also known as Salix amygdaloides. The branch of a Peachleaf Willow tree, native to southern Canada and northern United States.

Branch of Peachleaf Willow

Also known as Salix amygdaloides. The branch of a Peachleaf Willow tree, native to southern Canada and…

Pedate leaves resemble a bird's foot. The leaves are palmately divided or parted with the lateral divisons cleft into smalled segments.

Pedate Leaf

Pedate leaves resemble a bird's foot. The leaves are palmately divided or parted with the lateral divisons…

A stalk of a single flower.

Pedicel

A stalk of a single flower.

The two upper petals of pelargonium tricolor flowers are very dark red and the three lower petals are white. Each stem is one to three flowered. The stem is shrubby, short, and branching.

Inflorescence and Leaf of Pelargonium Tricolor

The two upper petals of pelargonium tricolor flowers are very dark red and the three lower petals are…

Leaves usually with sharp lobes; flowers individually inconspicuous, on a fleshy axis snclosed in a leaf-like sheath.

Peltandra

Leaves usually with sharp lobes; flowers individually inconspicuous, on a fleshy axis snclosed in a…

Petiole attached notat margin of leaf but in the middle of the lower surface.

Peltate

Petiole attached notat margin of leaf but in the middle of the lower surface.

Flowers greenish, 5-petaled.

Penthorum

Flowers greenish, 5-petaled.

The calyx and corolla taken together.

Perianth

The calyx and corolla taken together.

Leaves, at least the younger onces, densely hairy or wooly beneath.

Persea

Leaves, at least the younger onces, densely hairy or wooly beneath.

Leaves - simple; alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or long egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base - pointed or rounded. Leaf - three to five inches long, thickish; dark and smooth, usually shining, above; below dull, with ribs curved and irregular and minutely downy. On the upper surface the ribs are quite indistinct, except as the lea is held toward the light when they appear almost transparent. In the same position the left is seen also to be edged with a slight delicate fringe (appearing in the dried leaf like a line of yellow light). Bark - of trunk dark and rough. Flowers - greenish-yellow and small, at the base of the leaf-stems. June. Fruit - about one inch in diameter, rounded, nearly stemless, orange-red when ripe, with about eight large flat seeds. After frost it is of very pleasant flavor, before, exceedingly "puckery." Found - from Connecticut southward to Florida and westward to Southeastern Iowa. General Information - A tree twenty to sixty feet high; sometimes, at the South, more than one hundred feet high. The wood is hard and close-grained; the bark tonic and astringent. From two Greek words meaning fruit of Jove.

Genus Diospyros, L. (Persimmon)

Leaves - simple; alternate, edge entire. Outline - long oval or long egg-shape. Apex - pointed. Base…

Section through a petal of buttercup (Ranunculus), showing nectar gland (n). Note bundle of conducting tissues.

Petal

Section through a petal of buttercup (Ranunculus), showing nectar gland (n). Note bundle of conducting…

A member of the inner circle of flower parts; often colored and showy.

Petal

A member of the inner circle of flower parts; often colored and showy.

The stalk of a leaf.

Petiole

The stalk of a leaf.

The leaves of philodendron verucosum are heart shaped and a delicate, satiny green. The leaves are shaded with a metallic olive color on the upper surface.

Branch and Detached Leaf of Philodendron Verucosum

The leaves of philodendron verucosum are heart shaped and a delicate, satiny green. The leaves are shaded…

A stout fern with brown scales. Fronds range between 1 foot and 3 feet in length, and 1 inch in width.

Polypodium Phyllitidis

A stout fern with brown scales. Fronds range between 1 foot and 3 feet in length, and 1 inch in width.

Leaves - compound (odd-feathered; leaflet, five to nine, usually seven) ; alternate, edge of leaflets sharp-toothed. Outline - of leaflets, usually long oval. Apex - taper-pointed. Base - of end leaflet, wedge-shaped, of the others more or less rounded or slightly pointed. Leaf/Stem - smooth. Leaf/Buds - egg-shape and pointed or rounded, and with their outer scales a polished-brown. Leaflet/Stems - lacking, except the smooth, very short stem of the end leaflet. Leaflets - mostly two to five inches long (the lower ones much the smallest), smooth above and below. Bark - not shaggy. Fruit - of two forms: (a) pear-shape, (b) rounded. Husks - very thin, splitting about half-way to the base. Nut - about one inch in diameter; in (b) somewhat flattened at the sides and slightly hollowed above, and with the apex a sharp point. Shell - rather thin, smooth, hard, and bluish-gray. Meat - small and sweetish or slightly bitter. Found - from Southern Maine westward and southward. General information - All the Hickories are picturesque trees. Their tendency, even when standing alone, is to grow high, and with heads that, instead of being round, are cylinder-shaped to the very top, with only enough breaks and irregularities to add to the effect. This tendency is more marked in the Hickories than in any other of the leaf-shedding trees of North America. They are worthy of the name sometimes given them of 'the artist's tree." Hicoria, from a Greek word meaning round, in allusion to the shape of the nut.

Genus Hicoria, Raf., Carya, Nutt. (Hickory)

Leaves - compound (odd-feathered; leaflet, five to nine, usually seven) ; alternate, edge of leaflets…

The Roman-Corinthian pilaster capital has a leaf and floral design, then it volutes with a spiral scroll like ornaments on the sides. It is found in the temple of Mars in Rome.

Roman-Corinthian Pilaster Capital

The Roman-Corinthian pilaster capital has a leaf and floral design, then it volutes with a spiral scroll…

The Greek-Corinthian pilaster capital has a palmette leaf design with spiral scroll like ornaments on each side.

Greek-Corinthian Pilaster Capital

The Greek-Corinthian pilaster capital has a palmette leaf design with spiral scroll like ornaments on…

The Roman-Corinthian pilaster capital has a leaf and floral design, then it volutes with a spiral scroll like ornaments on the sides.

Roman-Corinthian Pilaster Capital

The Roman-Corinthian pilaster capital has a leaf and floral design, then it volutes with a spiral scroll…

The Roman-Corinthian pilaster capital has a leaf and floral design, then it volutes with a spiral scroll like ornaments on the sides. It is found in the temple of Pantheon in Rome.

Roman-Corinthian Pilaster Capital

The Roman-Corinthian pilaster capital has a leaf and floral design, then it volutes with a spiral scroll…

An illustration of a Pilocarpus leaf.

Pilocarpus Leaf

An illustration of a Pilocarpus leaf.

A wide-creeping fern with squarrose scales. Fertile fronds are narrow and long, whereas the barren ones are oblong, between 1 inch and 3 inches long.

Polypodium Piloselloides

A wide-creeping fern with squarrose scales. Fertile fronds are narrow and long, whereas the barren ones…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge lobed (edges of the lobes mostly entire, but notched and toothed towards the ends). Outline - narrow oval or broad oval. Base - from long wedge-shape to squared. Ends of lobes and of the teeth pointed and bristle-tipped. Leaf - three to five inches long; both sides bright green, smooth, and shining; downy in the angles of the ribs below. Lobes - seven to nine, usually seven, with the hollows between them broad and round and usually reaching about three fourths of the way or more to the middle rib. The wide type of leaf closely resembles the leaves of the scarlet oak, but it is smaller and usually the hollows reach nearer to the middle rib. Bark - smoothish (comparatively), inner bark reddish. Acorns - numerous, small, on short stems. Cup - top-shaped, shallow, and nearly smooth. Nut - rounded, one half inch long or less, sometimes broader than long, light brown. October. Found - from the valley of the Connecticut to Central New York, southward to Delaware and the District of Columbia; in Southern Wisconsin and southward; usually along streams and on low, wet land. Most common and reaching its finest growth west of the Alleghany Mountains. General Information - A handsome tree forty to sixty feet high, usually with a pointed top and with light and delicate foliage. The wood is rather coarse and not durable. It takes its name of Pin Oak from the peg-like look of the dead twigs and short branches with which the lower parts of the tree are usually set. Quercus, possible from a Celtic word meaning to inquire, because it was among the oaks that the Druids oftenest practised their rites.

Genus Quercus, L. (Oak)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge lobed (edges of the lobes mostly entire, but notched and toothed towards…

"Cone of Pinus muricata, showing the difference between the outer and inner sides of the same strobilius when the inner side is pressed against a branch. 1. A pair of leaves; 2. the end of the leaf magnified; 3, a seed, natural size." -Lindley, 1853

Bishop Pine

"Cone of Pinus muricata, showing the difference between the outer and inner sides of the same strobilius…

"With an ubrupt termination"-Whitney, 1902

Pinnate Leaf

"With an ubrupt termination"-Whitney, 1902

A pinnatifid leaf is divided into lobes from the margin nearly to the axis.

Pinnatifid Leaf

A pinnatifid leaf is divided into lobes from the margin nearly to the axis.

Pictured are (1) strengthening cells, (2), internal ducts, (3) chlorophyll bearing cells, (4) bundle sheath, (5) fibro-vascular bundles, and (6) stomata of the pinus coulteri leaf.

Transverse Section of Pinus Coulteri Leaf

Pictured are (1) strengthening cells, (2), internal ducts, (3) chlorophyll bearing cells, (4) bundle…

Pinus is a genus of hardy, evergreen trees. Pictured are the strengthening cells (1), ducts surronded by strengthening cells (2), wavy chlorophylla bearing cells (3), bundle sheath (4), fibro-vascular bundle (5), stomata (6), and internal duct (7).

Transverse Section of Pinus Excelsa Leaf

Pinus is a genus of hardy, evergreen trees. Pictured are the strengthening cells (1), ducts surronded…

Shown are the strengthening cells (1), ducts (2), wavy, chlorophyll bearing cells (3), bundle sheath (4), fibro-vascular bundles (5), and stomata (6).

Transverse Section of Pinus Sylvestris Leaf

Shown are the strengthening cells (1), ducts (2), wavy, chlorophyll bearing cells (3), bundle sheath…

Leaves wide to the base, without petioles.

Pistia

Leaves wide to the base, without petioles.

The seed-bearing part of a flower.

Pistil

The seed-bearing part of a flower.

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness, but arranged along the branches in three-leaved sheathed bunches. Leaf - needle-shaped, three to six inches long; stiff and sharp; the outer side flattish; the inner side slightly ridged, and rough downwards. Bark - very thick and rough, and deeply fissured; dark, often with a reddish or purplish tinge. Cones - two to three inches long, oftenest in clusters of two to four. Scales - tipped with stiff and sometimes curved prickles. Found - from New Brunswick to Lake Ontario, through the Atlantic States to Northern Georgia, and extending to the western slope of the Alleghany Mountains, in West Virginia and Kentucky. Usually in dry, sandy soil, sometimes in deep swamps. Very common. General Information - An evergreen tree thirty to eighty feet high, with very irregular branches, and a trunk that is seldom straight to the top. The wood is hard and full of pitch, of slight value except for fuel and charcoal and coarse lumber.

Genus Pinus, L. (Pine)

Leaves - simple; indeterminate in position because of their closeness, but arranged along the branches…

"Morphology of Pitchers. A, ordinary leaf of Cephalotus; B, monstrous leaf with spoon-shaped depression; C and D, other abnormal forms more deeply pouched, showing formation of pitcher; E, ordinary pitcher of Cephalotus; F, pitcher of Nepenthes; G, pitcher of Sarracenia; a, apex of leaf." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Pitchers

"Morphology of Pitchers. A, ordinary leaf of Cephalotus; B, monstrous leaf with spoon-shaped depression;…

Buds covered with overlapping scales; fruit warty.

Planera

Buds covered with overlapping scales; fruit warty.

Diagram of a mesophyll cell of a leaf: c, chloroplast; n, nucleus; v, vacuole; w, cell wall.

Plant Cell

Diagram of a mesophyll cell of a leaf: c, chloroplast; n, nucleus; v, vacuole; w, cell wall.

This shows a plicate leaf.

Plicate Leaf

This shows a plicate leaf.

Leaves aromatic when crushed.

Pluchea

Leaves aromatic when crushed.

Flowers yellow, not in button-like heads nor with bristly-margined leaves.

Polygala

Flowers yellow, not in button-like heads nor with bristly-margined leaves.

flowers in terminal clusters which may be compound.

Polygala

flowers in terminal clusters which may be compound.