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A cylinder with a triple threaded screw in a water tight case that revolves ater to the top for the irrigation of land.

Archime' dean Screw

A cylinder with a triple threaded screw in a water tight case that revolves ater to the top for the…

Cash register, 1919.

Cash Register

Cash register, 1919.

"The large driving cone J is hollow, the smaller or driven one convex. The latter presses, when desired, against the ineer surface of the former; its speed depends upon its position with regard to the axis of the driver. When its axis is in line with that of the driver, it has the same speed; the further it is drawn laterally therefrom, the greater the speed." —Grimshaw, 1902

Friction Coupling for Various Speed Adjustment

"The large driving cone J is hollow, the smaller or driven one convex. The latter presses, when desired,…

In the gold extraction process, finely crushed ores are leached in vats with a very diluted solution of Potassuim Cyanide (KCN), containing 0.05 to 0.3 percent KCN (or its equivalent, Sodium Cyanide, NaCN) which is allowed to remain for twelve to twenty-four hours to dissolve the gold.

Cyanide Leaching Tank (Gold Extraction)

In the gold extraction process, finely crushed ores are leached in vats with a very diluted solution…

"Balance-dynamometer (elevation). An apparatus for measuring the amount of force expended by men, animals, or motors in moving a load, operating machines, towing vessels, etc.; a power-measurer." -Whitney, 1911

Balance, Dynamometer

"Balance-dynamometer (elevation). An apparatus for measuring the amount of force expended by men, animals,…

"Balance-dynamometer (elevation). An apparatus for measuring the amount of force expended by men, animals, or motors in moving a load, operating machines, towing vessels, etc.; a power-measurer." -Whitney, 1911

Balance, Dynamometer

"Balance-dynamometer (elevation). An apparatus for measuring the amount of force expended by men, animals,…

An illustration of a rotary steam engine. The steam turbine system was invented by Branca in 1629. Steam spins the turbine to turn a series of gears, generating power.

Steam Rotary Engine

An illustration of a rotary steam engine. The steam turbine system was invented by Branca in 1629. Steam…

The contrivance in a time-piece which connects the wheel-work with the pendulum or the balance, giving to the latter the impulse by which it is kept in vibration.

Escapement

The contrivance in a time-piece which connects the wheel-work with the pendulum or the balance, giving…

An automatic lubrication system often referred to as a centralized lubricator comprises a controller, pump, reservoir, metering valves, fittings and feed lines. It typically delivers a controlled amount of lubricant in the forms of grease or oil to multiple, specific locations on a machine while the machine is operating at specific times from a central location.

Automatic Feeder for Lubricating Materials

An automatic lubrication system often referred to as a centralized lubricator comprises a controller,…

A Frue Vanner is a shaking, rubber belt used to concentrate gold ore 'pulp'.

Frue Vanner (End View)

A Frue Vanner is a shaking, rubber belt used to concentrate gold ore 'pulp'.

A Frue Vanner is a shaking, rubber belt used to concentrate gold ore 'pulp'.

Frue Vanner (Side View)

A Frue Vanner is a shaking, rubber belt used to concentrate gold ore 'pulp'.

A train of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery.

Gearing

A train of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery.

A De Laval steam turbine connected to a generator. The turbine generates electricity by turning the shaft. The turbine is operates by providing steam into the vanes.

De Laval Steam Turbine Connected to Generator

A De Laval steam turbine connected to a generator. The turbine generates electricity by turning the…

A cross sectional view of the Pearsons turbine for generating electricity. The turbines, located in P are turned by steam, generating electricity.

Pearsons Turbine for Electricity Generator

A cross sectional view of the Pearsons turbine for generating electricity. The turbines, located in…

"Infernal machine designed by the Confederates to destroy the Federal Flotilla in the Potomac discovered by Captain budd of the steamer "Resolute." An infernal machine designed by the Confederates to blow up the "Pawnee" and the vessels of the Potomac flotilla, which was set adrift near Aquia Creek, was picked up on the 7th of July, 1861, floating toward the "Pawnee." The following description of the article was sent to the Navy Department: "Two large eighty-gallon oil casks, perfectly watertight, acting as buoys, connected by twenty-five fathoms of three-and-a-half-inch-rope, buoyed with large squares of cork, every two feet secured to casks by iron handles. A heavy bomb of boiler iron, fitted with a brass tap and filled with powder, was suspended to the casks six feet under water. On top of the cask was a wooden box, with fuse in a gutta-percha tube. In the centre of the cork was a platform with a great length of fuse coiled away, occupying the middle of the cask." — Frank Leslie, 1896

Infernal machine

"Infernal machine designed by the Confederates to destroy the Federal Flotilla in the Potomac discovered…

After being drawn through the drawing frames during the manufacturing process, the jute slivers are put into cans, which are then taken to the roving frames, where the material is again drawn out, twisted, and wound on to the rove bobbins. The latter are taken to spinning frames for the final manufacturing process.

Roving Process in the Manufacturing of Jute

After being drawn through the drawing frames during the manufacturing process, the jute slivers are…

A lathe for turning wood to create a hole by fastening the material on to the faceplate.

Lathe, Wood Turning

A lathe for turning wood to create a hole by fastening the material on to the faceplate.

"After thorough drying, the air to be liquefied enters through the pipe a, and in the compresor C is compressed to about 200 atmospheres. R is a water cooler, to remove the heat of compression. The air thus cooled and strongly compressed passes down through the inner tube of the helical coil H to a valve below." —Derr, 1911

Air Liquefaction Machine

"After thorough drying, the air to be liquefied enters through the pipe a, and in the compresor C is…

An absorption machine with ammonia and water mixing. The generator B heats the ammonia and water mixture with a furnace into the condenser. The mixture, traveling in coils, is cooled with running water into the refrigerator I. The cooled vapor is absorbed into cold water in absorber tank A.

Ammonia and Water Cycle Absorption Machine with Condenser and Tank

An absorption machine with ammonia and water mixing. The generator B heats the ammonia and water mixture…

An illustration of a compression machine. As piston A is pushes ammonia gas through the condenser B and vaporizer C. The condenser cools the ammonia to liquid in the coil with running water. The cooled ammonia travels through the valve D to be heated in vaporizer C.

Ammonia Cycle Compression Machine with Vaporizer and Condenser

An illustration of a compression machine. As piston A is pushes ammonia gas through the condenser B…

A volute or flat spiral turning machine. The spiral patterns are created by cutting the wood adjusting the blade while rotating the wood with the lathe.

Turning Volute or Flat Spiral Machine

A volute or flat spiral turning machine. The spiral patterns are created by cutting the wood adjusting…

A large sliding microtome is used to thinly slicing materials. Materials are sliced by placing the sample onto he object holder B. The lever is pulled to slide the material through the blade. The samples obtained by the microtome is viewed under the microscope.

Large Sliding Microtome for Slicing Microscope Samples

A large sliding microtome is used to thinly slicing materials. Materials are sliced by placing the sample…

This mill was manufactured in Birmingham, England. It was possibly used as a textile mill for processing fabrics.

Mill

This mill was manufactured in Birmingham, England. It was possibly used as a textile mill for processing…

Wave motors were machines designed and built in the late 19th and early 20th century to harness the power of wave or tidal energy. The earliest wave motors were not intended for the creation of electricity. Prior to 1880, wave motors were designed to operate non electrically to power vehicles, mills, flush sewers, clean streets and conserve fresh water

Wave Motor

Wave motors were machines designed and built in the late 19th and early 20th century to harness the…

A piston diagram from a triple expansion steam engine. The three cylinders are designed at high, medium, and low pressures, with receiver between each cylinders. This design divides work between the three piston to increase efficiency.

Piston of a Triple Expansion Steam Engine

A piston diagram from a triple expansion steam engine. The three cylinders are designed at high, medium,…

A popular contrivance used for printing in the early 19th century.

Albion Press

A popular contrivance used for printing in the early 19th century.

Old-style screw printing press.

Printing Press

Old-style screw printing press.

"The belt is thrown on to set the machine in motion, the loose pulley is pressed aside by the spiral springs on the bolts, its rim entirely touches that of the fast pulley and helps to set this latter in motion by friction." —Grimshaw, 1902

Loose Driving Pulley

"The belt is thrown on to set the machine in motion, the loose pulley is pressed aside by the spiral…

"The direct—acting steam pump has the steam piston at one end of a rod and the water position at the other end. The steam pressure acts directly on the piston; no fly light, and there is no revolving mass to carry by the dead points." —Derr, 1911

Direct Acting Steam Pump

"The direct—acting steam pump has the steam piston at one end of a rod and the water position…

An illustration showing the application of a jet condenser to pump a well. The steam enters the engine and leaves as exhaust. The exhaust steam is cooled by the well water in the jet condenser, then gets pumped into a separator. One stream exits into the sewer, and the remainder is pumped to the boiler as liquid and recycled into the condenser as steam.

Application of Steam Engine Jet Condenser used to Pump Well Water

An illustration showing the application of a jet condenser to pump a well. The steam enters the engine…

A sliced view of a jet condenser with pump. The steam enters at D, while cold water enters at A. The steam and water mixes in E, then enters the pump chamber F. The water mixture is pumped out of the system through pipe G.

Steam Engine Jet Condenser with Pump

A sliced view of a jet condenser with pump. The steam enters at D, while cold water enters at A. The…

"Brown's revolving squeezer, the ball being made to pass between two rotating cams which flatten it out, and subsequently between the second of these and a third which carries the operation further; in more powerful machines of the kind a larger number of cams still is employed." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Revolving Squeezer

"Brown's revolving squeezer, the ball being made to pass between two rotating cams which flatten it…

"Brown's revolving squeezer, the ball being made to pass between two rotating cams which flatten it out, and subsequently between the second of these and a third which carries the operation further; in more powerful machines of the kind a larger number of cams still is employed." — The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Revolving Squeezer

"Brown's revolving squeezer, the ball being made to pass between two rotating cams which flatten it…

"A pneumatic shifter moves the belt rapidly in either direction, holds it where it is put, and stays in any wished—for intermediate position." —Grimshaw, 1902

Pneumatic Belt Shifter

"A pneumatic shifter moves the belt rapidly in either direction, holds it where it is put, and stays…

"Smelting is the act or process of obtaining metal from ore by the combined action of heat, air, and fluxes. In smelting iron the ore is first roasted in a kiln in order to drive off the water, sulphur, and arsenic with which it is more or less combined in its native state, and is then subjected to the heat of a blast furnace along with certain proportions of coke or coal and limestone, varying according to the composition of the ore to be heated."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hot Blast Smelting Furnace

"Smelting is the act or process of obtaining metal from ore by the combined action of heat, air, and…

A stamp mill facilitates the crushing of ore (in this case, gold ore) into very small grains, with many mechanical parts, including: the ore car, to carry ore from the mine to the Mill (a); the trestle, the tunnel from the mine to the mill that the ore car travels through (b); the grizzly (c); the crushing floor (d); the bin for crushed ore (e); the stamp, a vertical iron rod having a cast-iron or steel shoe, which, falling on the mortar block, crushes the ore (f); the mortar (g); and the apron plate (h).

Stamp Mill for Gold Ores (Sectional View)

A stamp mill facilitates the crushing of ore (in this case, gold ore) into very small grains, with many…

An illustration of the water entering and exiting the condenser through pump. The cooling water enters the circulating pump R, exiting at pipe M. The steam enters at pipe S, and is cooled, or condensed. The condensed steam enters pump B, removing the air in the system.

Steam Engine Condenser with Pumps

An illustration of the water entering and exiting the condenser through pump. The cooling water enters…

Illustration of a cross compound steam engine. The engine is designed to hold pressure until the engine's minimum pressure is achieved.

Cross Compound Steam Engine

Illustration of a cross compound steam engine. The engine is designed to hold pressure until the engine's…

A low power steam engine. The piston inside cylinder A moves the wheel, generating power at 100 horsepower or less. The steam from the system escapes the from the piston, moving the wheel.

Low Power Simple Steam Engine Diagram

A low power steam engine. The piston inside cylinder A moves the wheel, generating power at 100 horsepower…

A low power simple expansion steam engine. The steam engine can run at 100 horsepower, and not run continuously. The as the piston in the cylinder expands, part of steam is exhausted into the surrounding. The piston then moves the wheel to generate power.

Low Power Simple Expansion Steam Engine

A low power simple expansion steam engine. The steam engine can run at 100 horsepower, and not run continuously.…

An illustration of Newcomen atmospheric steam engine. The boiler heats the water to build up steam in the piston. While the steam lever closes, the water is let in, and the piston compresses the steam to generate energy. The compressed steam turns to liquid, and opens the steam valve.

Newcomen Atmospheric Steam Engine

An illustration of Newcomen atmospheric steam engine. The boiler heats the water to build up steam in…

A power pump steam engine without shaft. The engine turns the wheel with the reciprocal motion of the piston.

Power Pump Steam Engine

A power pump steam engine without shaft. The engine turns the wheel with the reciprocal motion of the…

"A modification of Savery's engine, the pulsometer, is still quite common. It is used in places where an ordinary pump could not be used and where extreme simplicity is of especial advantage. Its valves work automatically and it requires very little attention." —Derr, 1911

Pulsometer from Steam Engine

"A modification of Savery's engine, the pulsometer, is still quite common. It is used in places where…

The illustration showing Watt's final steam engine design. The engine is fitted with series of rods to guide the in a straight line. James Watt and William Murdoch invented the throttle valve, centrifugal valve, regulator, and slide valve to improve on the steam engine.

Watt's Final Steam Engine Design

The illustration showing Watt's final steam engine design. The engine is fitted with series of rods…

A De Laval steam turbine. The turbine is operated by supplying steam into the four nozzles. The steam is then expanded and exits the valve through the vanes.

De Laval Steam Turbine

A De Laval steam turbine. The turbine is operated by supplying steam into the four nozzles. The steam…

Royal typewriter, 1919.

Typewriter

Royal typewriter, 1919.

Two vessels from the Thomas Savery first steam engine. The right tank fills up with water while the left fills up with steam to create a pressure in the vessel. At certain pressure, the lever lets cools the right vessel by pumping the water out of it.

Two Vessels from Thomas Savery First Steam Engine

Two vessels from the Thomas Savery first steam engine. The right tank fills up with water while the…

A diagram illustrating cooling steam exhaust of steam engine using a water tower. The water is pumped out of the water tower using a motor into the condenser. The steam enters the condenser to be cooled by the water flowing by the adjacent pipe.

Water Tower Condenser Steam Cooling System in Engine Room

A diagram illustrating cooling steam exhaust of steam engine using a water tower. The water is pumped…

"Devices for lifting water are older than written history, and various forms of pumps are used on almost every farm in the country, every citizen being familiar with a number of ways of lifting water."—Government Printing Office, 1897

Homemade Jumbo Windmill

"Devices for lifting water are older than written history, and various forms of pumps are used on almost…