Ethan Frome
by Edith Wharton
Ethan Frome is a tragic novel about the unrequited love between Ethan Frome and his wife's cousin, Mattie Silver.
This novel has elements in common with gothic fiction, realism, modernism, romance, and tragedy.
A tragedy usually involves a hero of high standing with a character flaw that leads to his or her downfall.
Ethan Frome is a tragic novel about the unrequited love between Ethan Frome and his wife's cousin, Mattie Silver.
This novel has elements in common with gothic fiction, realism, modernism, romance, and tragedy.
Hamlet is a tragedy and revenge play by William Shakespeare. It is one of his best-known works, one of the most-quoted writings in the English language and is universally included on lists of the world’s greatest books.
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a dramatized account of the betrayal of the the Roman Emperor.
Macbeth is among the best known of William Shakespeare’s plays, as well as his shortest surviving tragedy. It is frequently performed at professional and community theatres around the world. The play, loosely based upon the historical account of King Macbeth of Scotland by Raphael Holinshed and the Scottish philosopher Hector Boece, is often seen as an archetypal tale of the dangers of the lust for power and betrayal of friends. It has frequently been adapted. In the theatrical world, many superstitions are associated with “Macbeth,” all connected with the belief that the play is somehow “cursed.” Many actors will not mention the name of the play aloud, referring to it as “the Scottish Play”.
The Merchant of Venice is one of William Shakespeare's best-known plays, written sometime between 1596 and 1598. Although it is sometimes classified as a comedy and shares certain aspects with the other romantic comedies, it is perhaps more remembered for its dramatic scenes (particularly the trial scene) and is best known for its portrayal of the Jew Shylock, which has raised questions of anti-semitism.
Romeo and Juliet is an early tragedy by William Shakespeare about two teenage “star-cross’d lovers” whose “untimely deaths” ultimately unite their feuding households. The play has been highly praised by literary critics for its language and dramatic effect. It was among Shakespeare’s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Romeo and Juliet are widely represented as archetypal young lovers.
Preface to the novel.
This introduction provides a frame for the main narrative of The Scarlet Letter. The nameless narrator, who shares quite a few traits with the book’s author, takes a post as the “chief executive officer,” or surveyor, of the Salem Custom House. This section introduces us to the narrator and establishes his desire to contribute to American culture.
This first chapter contains little in the way of action, instead setting the scene and introducing the first of many symbols that will come to dominate the story.
The narrator introduces the reader to Hester Prynne and begins to explore the theme of sin, along with its connection to knowledge and social order.
In the crowd that surrounds the scaffold, Hester suddenly spots her husband, who sent her to America but never fulfilled his promise to follow her. Chillingworth makes inquiries and Hester is preached to.
Hester and her husband come face to face for the first time when he is called to her prison cell to provide medical assistance.
The narrator covers the events of the years after Hester’s imprisonment.
Hester’s one consolation is her daughter, Pearl, who is described in great detail in this chapter.
Hester pays a visit to Governor Bellingham’s mansion. She has two intentions: to deliver a pair of ornate gloves she has made for the governor, and to find out if there is any truth to the rumors that Pearl, now three, may be taken from her.
Bellingham, Wilson, Chillingworth attempt to take Pearl away, but Dimmesdale convinces them of Pearl's value to Hester.
By renaming himself upon his arrival in Boston, Chillingworth has hidden his past from everyone except Hester, whom he has sworn to secrecy. He incorporates himself into society in the role of a doctor, and since the townsfolk have very little access to good medical care, he is welcomed and valued. An opportuniy arises when Dimmesdale comes into his care.
The inwardly tortured minister soon becomes Chillingworth’s greatest puzzle. The doctor relentlessly and mercilessly seeks to find the root of his patient’s condition.
Chillingworth continues to play mind games with Dimmesdale, making his revenge as terrible as possible.
Dimmesdale mounts the scaffold where his behavior becomes absurd and neurotic followed by the next day’s powerful sermon and the mystery of the burning A in the sky.
Seven years have passed since Pearl’s birth. Hester has become more active in society.
Hester resolves to ask Chillingworth to stop tormenting the minister. Chillingworth recalls his former days of glory and subsequent transformation into an evil man.
As Chillingworth walks away, Hester goes to find Pearl. She realizes that, although it is a sin to do so, she hates her husband. Hester and Pearl discuss the meaning of the scarlet letter.
Intent upon telling Dimmesdale the truth about Chillingworth’s identity, Hester waits for the minister in the forest, because she has heard that he will be passing through on the way back from visiting a Native American settlement.
In the forest, Hester and Dimmesdale are finally able to escape both the public eye and Chillingworth. They join hands and sit in a secluded spot near a brook. Hester tells Dimmesdale that Chillingworth is her husband. The former lovers plot to steal away on a ship to Europe, where they can live with Pearl as a family.
The decision to move to Europe energizes both Dimmesdale and Hester. Dimmesdale declares that he can feel joy once again, and Hester throws the scarlet letter from her chest. Hester reveals Pearl's heritage.
Hester calls to Pearl to join her and Dimmesdale. From the other side of the brook, Pearl eyes her parents with suspicion.
As the minister returns to town, he can hardly believe the change in his fortunes. But all is not as it seems as his behavior becomes erratic, leading to a strange meeting with Chillingworth.
Echoing the novel’s beginning, the narrator describes another public gathering in the marketplace, but this time the purpose is to celebrate the installation of a new governor. Hester receives uneasines news about her journey and Chillingworth.
The majestic procession passes through the marketplace. Hester is disheartened to see the richness and power of Puritan tradition displayed with such pomp. News about Chillingworth worries Hester about her future.
Dimmesdale finishes his Election Day sermon, which focuses on the relationship between God and the communities of mankind, and has an encounter with Hester to whom he makes a confession.
The book’s narrator discusses the events that followed Dimmesdale’s death and reports on the fates of the other major characters.