ClipArt ETC
(1732-1792) Inventor of mechanical cotton-spinning

Sir Richard Arkwright

(1732-1792) Inventor of mechanical cotton-spinning

Inventor

Eli Whitney

Inventor

A shrubby plant with seeds developing in capsules. Seeds are surrounded by a fluffy type of fiber that can be woven.

Cotton

A shrubby plant with seeds developing in capsules. Seeds are surrounded by a fluffy type of fiber that…

The flax plant supplied the threads required for the linen manufactured into clothing before cotton became popular.

flax

The flax plant supplied the threads required for the linen manufactured into clothing before cotton…

Cotton is a plant whose fibers are used to make clothing, bedding, etc.

Cotton

Cotton is a plant whose fibers are used to make clothing, bedding, etc.

A typical cotton field with many workers

Cotton Field

A typical cotton field with many workers

Cotton bales on a horse drawn buggy.

Cotton Bales

Cotton bales on a horse drawn buggy.

An old spinning wheel used to spin cotton into yard.

Spinning Wheel

An old spinning wheel used to spin cotton into yard.

A primitive cotton-gin used to seperate seeds from the cotton.

Primitive Cotton-Gin

A primitive cotton-gin used to seperate seeds from the cotton.

Whitney's cotton gin had a permanent influence on America's slavery. With-out a cotton-gin a slave could seperate only 1 pound of cotton a day. With the cotton-gin, a slave could seperate a thousand pounds.

Eli Whitney's Cotton-Gin

Whitney's cotton gin had a permanent influence on America's slavery. With-out a cotton-gin a slave could…

Cotton picking in Mississippi.

Cotton Picking

Cotton picking in Mississippi.

"United States General Hospital, Hilton Head, S. C., exterior. The United States General Hospital at Hilton Head, S. C., was built very strongly of wood, and really had somewhat of an architectural appearance. It was about four hundred feet long, and had excellent accommodation for about five hundred patients. On the right hand of the hospital is the chief doctor's residence. Hilton Head, which is a very beautiful, fertile spot, was owned principally by General Drayton, who cultivated there that celebrated cotton known as Sea Island. The woods, which principally consist of orange, palmetto, pine and dwarf oaks, commence at about a mile from the sea. "— Frank Leslie, 1896

General Hospital Exterior

"United States General Hospital, Hilton Head, S. C., exterior. The United States General Hospital at…

"United States General Hospital, Hilton Head, S. C., interior. The United States General Hospital at Hilton Head, S. C., was built very strongly of wood, and really had somewhat of an architectural appearance. It was about four hundred feet long, and had excellent accommodation for about five hundred patients. On the right hand of the hospital is the chief doctor's residence. We also publish a view of one of the wards, taken shortly after the battle of James Island, where so many Federals fell- either killed or wounded. Hilton Head, which is a very beautiful, fertile spot, was owned principally by General Drayton, who cultivated there that celebrated cotton known as Sea island. The woods, which principally consist of orange, palmetto, pine and dwarf oaks, commence at about a mile from the sea."— Frank Leslie, 1896

General Hospital Interior

"United States General Hospital, Hilton Head, S. C., interior. The United States General Hospital at…

"Lake Providence, La., headquarters of General McPherson and the Federal division under his command. Our artist wrote: 'The Seventeenth Army Corps, under General McPherson, have been exceedingly fortunate in being ordered to Lake Providence, La. Their tents are pitched in pleasant places. I have not seen a position anywhere along the Mississippi River, or anywhere else, which offers such inducements for any army 'to stay awhile' as the banks of this beautiful lake. There is a little town on the landing, which is only fit for, and therefore only occupied by, negro quarters and sutler shops. The lake is immediately back of the village, and not more than a quarter of a mile from the river. Immense cotton fields stretch away on both sides of it, and beautiful residences, surrounded by elaborate gardens full of Southern shrubbery, adorn its banks.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Lake Providence

"Lake Providence, La., headquarters of General McPherson and the Federal division under his command.…

"Daring and desperate attack- surprise and capture of the United States gunboat <em>Harriet Lane</em> by the Confederates under General Magruder, and destruction of the flagship <em>Westfield</em>, in Galveston Harbor, Tex., January 1st, 1863. About two o'clock in the morning of January 1st, 1863, the Federal gunboats were attacked by five Confederate steamers, protected by double rows of bales of cotton, and loaded with troops armed with rifles, muskets, etc. The <em>Harriet Lane</em> was captured by boarding, after about all her officers, including Captain Wainwright and Lieutenant Commander Lee, and a crew of 130, all told, had been killed by muskettry from the Confederate steamers. The gunboats <em>Clifton</em> and <em>Owasco</em> were engaged and escaped, the former losing no men and but one wounded. The <em>Owasco</em> lost one killed and fifteen wounded. Two barks, loaded with coal, fell into the hands of the Confederates. The <em>Westfield</em> (flagship, Commodore Renshaw) was not engaged, being ashore in another channel. Her crew were transferred to transports, and Commodore Renshaw, fearing she would fall into the hands of the Confederates, blew her up. By some mismanagement or accident the exploion took place before a boat containing Commodore Renshaw, First Lieutenant Zimmerman and the boat's crew got away, and they were blown up with the ship. The Confederate force was estimated at 5,000, under the command of General Magruder. The Federal land force, under the command of Colonel Burrill, of Masschusetts, did not exceed 300, the residue not having disembarked at the time of the fight. The Federal loss was 160 killed and 200 taken prisoners. The navy suffered the most. The Confederate loss was much greater, as the Federal guns were firing grape and canister continually in their midst."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Harriet Lane

"Daring and desperate attack- surprise and capture of the United States gunboat Harriet Lane…

"Towing the wounded Federal soldiers down the bayou on a raft, on the night of January 14th, 1863, after the Battle of Bayou Teche, La. General Banks had arranged to stop the depredations which the Confederate steamer <em>J. A. Cotton</em> had been long committing along the Bayou Teche. He had advanced from Labadieville on January 11th with four gunboats, ten regiments of infantry and one of artillery, reaching Carney's Bridge, near Pattersonville, early on the 14th. Their progress here was stopped by several earthworks, under whose guns lay the <em>J. A. Cotton</em>. Early on the 15th Commander McKean Buchanan opened fire from the <em>Calhoun</em>, and was joined in it by the other gunboats, while the troops were advancing on shore to engage the Confederate vessels and batteries from the rear. The troops were not long in subjecting their enemy to a fierce enfilading musketry and artillery fire from the woods; and such was its destructive effect that the <em>J. A. Cotton</em> had finally to retire toward an upper battery at Butte La Rose, on the Atchafalaya. Early on the following morning the <em>J. A. Cotton</em> was seen floating down the bayou in a sheet of flame, having been set afire and abandoned by the Confederates. The troops, therefore, returned to Brashcar City, the Federal wounded having been meanwhile placed on a raft and towed down the river."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Wounded Federals

"Towing the wounded Federal soldiers down the bayou on a raft, on the night of January 14th, 1863, after…

"The War in Texas. Brownsville, occupied by the army under Major General N. P. Banks, in 1863. The sudden movement of General Banks by water, after drawing Magruder into the low grounds of Louisiana, was most successful, and the important line of the Rio Grande was occupied without loss. The importance of this movement cannot be overrated. This great step was looked for by the country after General Banks sailed to New Orleans. We give a fine view of Brownsville, which was immediately occupied, but not before the Confederates retreating from Fort Brown had endeavored to destroy it. The Federals extinguished the fires and a bloody fight ensued. Our sketch shows the ferries busy at work transporting the cotton to the Mexican shore."— Frank Leslie, 1896

War in Texas

"The War in Texas. Brownsville, occupied by the army under Major General N. P. Banks, in 1863. The sudden…

An early, rapid fruiting, productive type of cotton plant, with low fruit limbs, short joints and continuous growing long fruit limbs. Leaves removed.

Fruitful cotton plant

An early, rapid fruiting, productive type of cotton plant, with low fruit limbs, short joints and continuous…

A late, slow fruiting, unproductive type of cotton plant, with high fruit limbs and long joints. Leaves removed.

Unfruitful Cotton Plant

A late, slow fruiting, unproductive type of cotton plant, with high fruit limbs and long joints. Leaves…

Large bolls of cotton, still on the branch.

Large boll

Large bolls of cotton, still on the branch.

Small bolls of cotton, still on the branch.

Small bolls

Small bolls of cotton, still on the branch.

A short fruit limb of cotton bolls.

Short Fruit Limb of Cotton Bolls

A short fruit limb of cotton bolls.

A corn and cotton stalk cutter, used to cut the stalks before plowing.

Stalk Cutter

A corn and cotton stalk cutter, used to cut the stalks before plowing.

A middle-buster for cotton fields.

Middle-buster

A middle-buster for cotton fields.

"Cotton Plant, which was regularly exported in small quantities from the South."&mdash;E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Cotton Plant

"Cotton Plant, which was regularly exported in small quantities from the South."—E. Benjamin Andrews,…

"The Cotton-Gin, a machine that processes cotton."&mdash;E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Cotton Gin

"The Cotton-Gin, a machine that processes cotton."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

"Eli Whitney invented the cotton-gin in 1793."&mdash;E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Eli Whitney

"Eli Whitney invented the cotton-gin in 1793."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

The Vankleek House. It was built by Myndert Vankleek, one of the first settlers in Dutchess county, in 1702, and was the first substantial house erected upon the site of Poughkeepsie. Its walls were very thick, and near the eaves they were pierced with lancet loop-holes for musketry. It was here that Ann Lee, the founder of the sect called Shaking Quakers, in this country, was lodged the night previous to her commitment to the Poughkeepsie jail, in 1776. She was a native of Manchester, England. During her youth she was employed in a cotton factory, and afterward as a cook in the Manchester infirmary. She married a blacksmith named Stanley; became acquainted with James and Jane Wardley, the originators of the sect in England, and in 1758 joined the small society they had formed. In 1770 she pretended to have received a revelation, while confined in prison on account of her religious fanaticism; and so great were the spiritual gifts she was believed to possess, that she was soon acknowledged a spirtual mother in Christ. Hence her name of Mother Ann. She and her husband came to New York in 1774. He soon afterward abandoned her and her faith, and married another woman. She collected a few followers, and in 1776 took up her abode in the woods of Watervliet, near Niskayuna, in the neighborhood of Troy. By some she was charged with witchcraft; and, because she was opposed to war, she was accused of secret correspondence with the British. A charge of high reason was preferred against her, and she was imprisoned in Albany during the summer. In the fall it was concluded to send her to New York, and banish her to the British army, but circumstances prevented the accomplishment of the design, and she was imprisoned in the Poughkeepsie jail until Governor Clinton, in 1777, hearing of her situation, released her. She returned to Watervliet, and her followers greatly increased. She died there in 1784, aged eighty-four years. Her followers sincerely believe that she now occupies that form or figure which John saw in his vision, standing beside the Savior.

Vankleek House

The Vankleek House. It was built by Myndert Vankleek, one of the first settlers in Dutchess county,…

"View from the site of Fort Cornwallis. Fort Cornwallis occupied the ground in the rear of the Episcopal church, now a grave-yard. This view is from within the inclosure, looking northeast, and includes a portion of Schultz's bridge, the Savannah River, and Hamburg upon the opposite bank. In the foreground is seen portions of the church-yard wall, and upon the brink of the river below are [African Americans] employed in placing bales of cotton upon the wharves for transportation to the sea-coast. The wharves are two stories in height, one to be used at low water, the other when the river is 'up.' There were remains of the ditch and embankments of the fort within the grave-yard when I was there; and the trench leading to the water-gate, where the 'Pride-of-India tree is seen, was very visible."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Fort Cornwallis

"View from the site of Fort Cornwallis. Fort Cornwallis occupied the ground in the rear of the Episcopal…

Eli Whitney, inventor of the cotton gin.

Eli Whitney

Eli Whitney, inventor of the cotton gin.

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of Gossypium, a plant growing both in the temperate and tropical climates, indigenous in Asia, Africa, and south America. All the varieties of the plant require a dry and sandy soil. In general it flourishes most luxuriantly and yields produce of the best quality on the coast. In the United States a large proportion of the crop is grown W. of the Mississippi."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cotton Plant

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of…

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of Gossypium, a plant growing both in the temperate and tropical climates, indigenous in Asia, Africa, and south America. All the varieties of the plant require a dry and sandy soil. In general it flourishes most luxuriantly and yields produce of the best quality on the coast. In the United States a large proportion of the crop is grown W. of the Mississippi."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cotton Flower

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of…

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of Gossypium, a plant growing both in the temperate and tropical climates, indigenous in Asia, Africa, and south America. All the varieties of the plant require a dry and sandy soil. In general it flourishes most luxuriantly and yields produce of the best quality on the coast. In the United States a large proportion of the crop is grown W. of the Mississippi."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cotton Flower

"Cotton is a vegetable hair or filament constituting the wing of the seed of the different species of…

Scene from the story, "How Mary Got a New Dress."

Mary

Scene from the story, "How Mary Got a New Dress."

Scene from the story, "How Mary Got a New Dress."

Mary

Scene from the story, "How Mary Got a New Dress."

Scene from the story, "The Plaid Dress."

Spinners

Scene from the story, "The Plaid Dress."

"The English cloak, though commonly adopted as the translation of these terms, conveys no accurate conception of the form, material, or use of that which they denoted. The article designated by them was always a rectangular piece of cloth, exactly, or at least nearly square. It was indeed used in the very form in which it was taken from the loom, being made entirely by the weaver, without any aid from the tailor except to repair the injuries which it sustained by time. Whatever additional richness and beauty it received from the art of the dyer, was bestowed upon it before its materials were woven into cloth or even spun into thread. Most commonly it was used without having undergone any process of this kind. The raw material, such as wool, flax, or cotton, was manufactured in its natural state, and hence pallia were commonly white, although from the same cause brown, drab, and gray, were also prevailing colours." &mdash; Smith, 1873

Palium

"The English cloak, though commonly adopted as the translation of these terms, conveys no accurate conception…

Slaves on a cotton plantation

Cotton Plantation

Slaves on a cotton plantation

A cotton-tail rabbit.

Rabbit

A cotton-tail rabbit.

A simple plant four to eight inches high. The flowers are large and white; and the berries a yellow&amp;orange color wth a very agreeable taste.

Cloudberry

A simple plant four to eight inches high. The flowers are large and white; and the berries a yellow&orange…

A fabric of fine threads of linen, silk, or cotton, interwoven in a net.

Lace

A fabric of fine threads of linen, silk, or cotton, interwoven in a net.

A loose garment of linen, cotton, or other material worn by men and boys next the body.

Shirt

A loose garment of linen, cotton, or other material worn by men and boys next the body.

A plant of several species, all growing in warm climates, and bearing the cotton of commerce.

Cotton-plant

A plant of several species, all growing in warm climates, and bearing the cotton of commerce.

An adult cotton-boll worm, in the form of a moth.

Cotton Boll Worm, Adult

An adult cotton-boll worm, in the form of a moth.

A machine seed in separating the seeds from the cotton fiber.

Cotton Gin

A machine seed in separating the seeds from the cotton fiber.

A cotton boll or capsule of a cotton plant.

Cotton

A cotton boll or capsule of a cotton plant.

A rabbit with a tail like a ball of cotton.

Cottontail

A rabbit with a tail like a ball of cotton.

A full grown cotton worm. Usually feeds on the cotton plant.

Cotton Worm

A full grown cotton worm. Usually feeds on the cotton plant.

A full grown cotton worm. Usually feeds on the cotton plant.

Cotton Worm

A full grown cotton worm. Usually feeds on the cotton plant.

Cotton Wagons on Elm Street, in Dallas, Texas.

Dallas

Cotton Wagons on Elm Street, in Dallas, Texas.

A section of the cotton gin, showing the cotton passing frrom the feeder over the cylinders.

Cotton Gin

A section of the cotton gin, showing the cotton passing frrom the feeder over the cylinders.

Looms in a cotton mill.

Cotton Mill

Looms in a cotton mill.

A spinning wheel used for cotton.

Spinning Wheel

A spinning wheel used for cotton.

Spinning cotton in a mill.

Cotton Mill

Spinning cotton in a mill.

A genus of birds of the warbler family, and so named from their habit of sewing leaves of cotton or other substances to form a receptacle for the nest.

Tailorbird

A genus of birds of the warbler family, and so named from their habit of sewing leaves of cotton or…

Figure A shows cotton fibers which are smooth on the surface, where as figure B shows woolen fibers that are covered with scales.

Fibers

Figure A shows cotton fibers which are smooth on the surface, where as figure B shows woolen fibers…

A moth that feeds mostly on cotton.

Cottonwood Dagger

A moth that feeds mostly on cotton.

This illustration shows the tool used for pressing and baling cotton.

Cotton Press

This illustration shows the tool used for pressing and baling cotton.

This illustration shows the machine used to compress cotton.

Cotton Compresser

This illustration shows the machine used to compress cotton.

A woman spinning cotton on a spinning jenny.

Spinning Jenny

A woman spinning cotton on a spinning jenny.