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Taking its name from the Azara people of South America, the batara is the largest of the shrikes.

Batara

Taking its name from the Azara people of South America, the batara is the largest of the shrikes.

"Second battle of Bull Run, fought Saturday, August 30th, 1862, between the Federal forces commanded by Major General Pope, and the Confederate forces by Generals Lee, Jackson and Longstreet. The battle began about twelve o'clock noon, and was waged with unwavering success for the Federal forces until about four o'clock in the afternoon. The fighting on both sides was desperate and destructive, either party frequently firing shrapnel and grape from the artillery. At about four o'clock the whole of General Pope's troops, save those under General Banks, were engaged at close quarters with the Confederate forces. The conflict was a desperate one. The firing on both sides was terrific, and the whole line of General Pope's command, from generals commanding army corps down to enlisted men, behaved with wonderful coolness, courage and determination, and fought with the most heroic valor from the beginning to the end. The tide of battle turned adversely for the Federals about half-past five o'clock, overwhelming numbers of re-enforcements being precipitated against the left wing under General McDowell, who was compelled to fall back."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Second Battle of Bull Run

"Second battle of Bull Run, fought Saturday, August 30th, 1862, between the Federal forces commanded…

"First assault upon Fort Fisher, Sunday, January 15th, 1865. The One Hundred and Seventeenth New York troops, followed by the Third, planting the flag on the northern traverse of the fort. On the 13th of January the Federal fleet commenced the bombardment, which was continued with unabated vigor throughout the day. On the 15th it was resolved to take the place by storm. The boats containing the naval force intended to co-operate effected a landing on a shelving piece of beach about a mile and a half from the fort. At two o'clock, and when within eight hundred yards of the fort, the order to charge was given. The First Brigade of the Second Division of the Twenty-fourth Corps, headed by General Curtis, scaled the northeast salient of the fort, and forced a rapid entrance. Inch by inch they fought their way along the northeast face, the gallant First Brigade in the advance. It was a hand-to-hand struggle; bayonets were in general use; muskets were clubbed; and man stood up to man in deadly conflict. Night fell, and yet the fierce struggle raged unremittingly within the fort. About ten o'clock the final struggle took place, and, after a short but desperate hand-to-hand encounter, the Federals remained masters of the hitherto impregnable Fort Fisher."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Fisher

"First assault upon Fort Fisher, Sunday, January 15th, 1865. The One Hundred and Seventeenth New York…

"Bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip- the United States squadron, under Farragut, engaging the Confederate forts and fleet on its way to New Orleans, April 24th, 1862. The enemy's losses: In addition to the loss of their forts- Jackson, St. Philip, Pike, Chalmette, etc.- eighteen of their gunboats were destroyed, three iron rams, several floating batteries, booms, torpedoes, etc. The famous Hollins's ram <em>Manassas</em> was riddled, and, floating down a disabled wreck, it was destroyed by Porter's mortar fleet."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Jackson

"Bombardment of Forts Jackson and St. Philip- the United States squadron, under Farragut, engaging the…

"General Hatch, born in Bangor, Me., December 22nd, 1832. In April, 1861, he was a member of the District of Columbia Volunteers, who were enlisted to defend the national capital, and subsequently had charge of the camp of instruction at Davenport, La. He was commissioned captain in the Second Iowa Cavalry August 12th, 1861; major, September 5th, and lieutenant colonel, December 11th, the same year. He commanded his regiment at New Madrid, Island No. 10, the battle of Corinth, the raid of Booneville and the battle of Iuka. He was promoted colonel, June 13th, 1862, and commanded a brigade of cavalry in General Grant's Mississippi campaign. He was afterward placed at the head of the cavalry division of the Army of the Tennessee and was present at the various engagements in which it took part. He was disabled by wounds in December, 1863, and on April 27th, 1864, was made brigadier general. Under General A. J. Smith, and still in command of a cavalry division, he was engaged in the battles of Franklin (for bravery in which he was brevetted brigadier general in the regular service) and Nashville, and in the pursuit of Hood's Confederate Army. For gallantry at Nashville he was, in 1864, brevetted major general of volunteers, and three years later promoted to the same rank by brevet in the United States Army. On January 15th, 1866, he was honorably mustered out of the volunteer service, and on July 6th following he was promoted colonel of the Ninth United States Cavalry."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Edward Hatch

"General Hatch, born in Bangor, Me., December 22nd, 1832. In April, 1861, he was a member of the District…

"General Miles, born in Westminster, Mass., August 8th, 1839. General Miles served in the Civil War."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Nelson Miles

"General Miles, born in Westminster, Mass., August 8th, 1839. General Miles served in the Civil War."—…

"General Merritt, born in New York city June 16th, 1836. He was graduated at the United States Military Academy July 1st, 1860, assigned to the dragoons and promoted first lieutenant May 13th, 1861, and captain April 13th, 1861, and captain April 5th, 1862. He took part in General George Stoneman's raid toward Richmond in April and May, 1863, and was in command of the reserve cavalry brigade in the Pennsylvania campaign of the same year, being commissioned brigadier general of volunteers in June. For gallant and meritrious services during the battle of Gettysburg he was brevetted major. Still in command of his brigade, he took part in the various engagements in Central Virginia in 1863-4, and was brevetted lieutenant colonel and colonel in the regular army and major general of volunteers, for gallantry at the battle of Yellow Tavern, Hawes's Shop and Winchester, respectively. On March 13th, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier general and major general in the regular army for bravery at the battle of Five Forks, and his services during the final Virginia campaign."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Wesley Merritt

"General Merritt, born in New York city June 16th, 1836. He was graduated at the United States Military…

"The solitary hydrant in Libby prison."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Libby Prison

"The solitary hydrant in Libby prison."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Libby Prison, Richmond, Va."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Libby Prison Exterior

"Libby Prison, Richmond, Va."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Preparing the prisoner for execution- putting on the black robe."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Execution Preparations

"Preparing the prisoner for execution- putting on the black robe."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Inhabits most part of South America. About four feet in length. Spends the greater parts of its life sleeping.

Tamanior

Inhabits most part of South America. About four feet in length. Spends the greater parts of its life…

"Execution of Captain Wirz at Washington, D. C., Friday, November 10th, 1865."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Captain Wirz's Execution

"Execution of Captain Wirz at Washington, D. C., Friday, November 10th, 1865."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Interior of Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., with prisoners from General Lee's army confined after the surrender. Our sketch represents the interior of Libby Prison filled with Confederate prisoners, among whom were over one hundred of the most desperate criminals in the South, being convicts who were released from jail on condition of serving in the Confederate ranks."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Interior of Libby Prison

"Interior of Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., with prisoners from General Lee's army confined after the…

"General Alger served in the Civil War."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Russell A. Alger

"General Alger served in the Civil War."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"General Hazen, born in West Hartford, Vt., September 27th, 1830; died in Washington, D. C., January 16th, 1887."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General William B. Hazen

"General Hazen, born in West Hartford, Vt., September 27th, 1830; died in Washington, D. C., January…

"The battle of the Wilderness, between General Grant and General Lee, May 5th and 6th, 1864. Our sketch of the first of the great battles of General Grant in Virginia will give a striking idea of the battleground, to be henceforth forever famous, like Manassas, Gettysburg, Pittsburg Landing or Fair Oaks. The eye can take in the five-mile line of battle, which for two days advanced and met hostile advances, gaining ground to be lost in a moment, but holding steadily to their lines till the furious Confederate charge on the Sixth Corps swept away Seymour's and Shaler's brigade of the Third Division and had well-nigh won the day. Sedgwick, soon to fall, saved the right; but the Federal loss in two days was not far from 15,000. Our correspondent gives this interesting account of General Grant during the battle: 'General Grant's headquarters were located in a field between the plank road and a small road leading to a little hamlet known as Parker's Store. During the fight, however, he was principally with General Meade, whose headquarters were on a piny knoll in the rear of Warren's corps. I had seen Grant at Vicksburg and in Tennessee, and his appearance was familiar; but as I strolled through the group of officers reclining under the trees at headquarters, I looked for him some time in vain, such was his insignificant, unpretending aspect and conduct while the battle was raging in all its fury. A stranger to the insignia of military rank would have little dreamed that the plain, quiet man who sat with his back against a tree, apparently heedless and unmoved, was the one upon whom the fortunes of the day, if not of the age and country, were hanging. It was only when some aid or orderly rode up in hot haste with a communication from some portion of the battlefield that his eyes upturnd to seek in those of the messenger the purport of the message. The consultation with General Meade, or the direct suggestion or command, all took place with the same imperturbability of countenance for which he has always been remarkable. No movement of the enemy seemed to puzzle or disconcert him. Fertile in resources, the petition for re-enforcement was speedily answered. And while all this transpired he stood calmly in the group, at times smoking his favorite cigar, a more vigorous or a more frequent puffing only indicating the inward working of his mind.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of the Wilderness

"The battle of the Wilderness, between General Grant and General Lee, May 5th and 6th, 1864. Our sketch…

"The great Prison Pen at Andersonville, Ga. The stockade was orginally eleven acres, which was increased to fifteen on July 2nd, 1864, which made it one thousand six hundred yards around, with fifty-two posts, or sentry boxes, reached by steps from the outside. Parallel with the stockade, and twenty feet distant, was the dead line, which consisted of posts six inches thick, with a strip of scantling nailed on the top to form a rail."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Prison Pen

"The great Prison Pen at Andersonville, Ga. The stockade was orginally eleven acres, which was increased…

"Wall side of the Prison Pen at Millen, Ga."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Prison Pen Wall

"Wall side of the Prison Pen at Millen, Ga."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"The Confederate Prison camp at Belle Isle, James River, Va."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Confederate Prison Camp

"The Confederate Prison camp at Belle Isle, James River, Va."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"The Prison Pen at Millen, Ga., as it appeared previous to the arrival of General Sherman's Army. Our special artist has sketched this Golgotha, and we doubt not it will create in the bosom of our readers the same sentiments of horror which it did in those of the gallant soldiers who viewed with silent rage the scene of their brother soldiers' persecutions and sufferings. Our illustration will prove more eloquent than any description. Here were brave and starved men compelled to burrow like wild beasts, enduring all the pangs of hunger and the insults of their brutal jailers. The stockade was a square of five hundred feet, or an area of nearly fifteen acres. It was among pines, on dry rolling ground, although in a swampy region. The stockade was of pine logs, rising from twelve to fifteen feet above the ground; sentry boxes were placed along the top of the stockade, fifty feet apart, and reached from the outside by ladders. On the eastern part extended a ravine, through which ran a small stream of good water. About three thousand prisoners had been confined here. In this space were their huts, without regularity in arrangement, roofed with loose earth, supported by sticks."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Millen Prison Pen

"The Prison Pen at Millen, Ga., as it appeared previous to the arrival of General Sherman's Army. Our…

"Hanging of Mrs. Hillier by men in disguise."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Mrs. Hillier

"Hanging of Mrs. Hillier by men in disguise."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"The stocks"&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

The Stocks

"The stocks"— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Cages of Little Rock Penitentiary."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Penitentiary

"Cages of Little Rock Penitentiary."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Hanging of thirty Union men."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Hanging of Union Men

"Hanging of thirty Union men."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Bringing in Union men."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Union Men

"Bringing in Union men."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Hanging and flogging."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Hanging and Flogging

"Hanging and flogging."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Prison at Little Rock."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Little Rock Prison

"Prison at Little Rock."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Appearance of the prison pen at Columbia, S. C., on the arrival of Sherman's army."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Prison Pen at Columbia

"Appearance of the prison pen at Columbia, S. C., on the arrival of Sherman's army."— Frank Leslie,…

"United States General Hospital at Elmira, N. Y."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Elmira Hospital

"United States General Hospital at Elmira, N. Y."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Reception of Confederate prisoners at the Federal prison, Elmira, N. Y. The prison at Elmira, N. Y., was finely situated on an excellent piece of ground about a mile from Elmira, and though entirely closed, the prisoners were not deprived of a view of external nature, for on one side rose pine-clad hills high up into the air, visible from all parts of the prison. The prisoners were all provided with bunks in the same kind of rough barrack as were used for sheltering our own men at the various places of rendezvous before going into the field."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Prison Reception

"Reception of Confederate prisoners at the Federal prison, Elmira, N. Y. The prison at Elmira, N. Y.,…

"The naval victory off Cherbourg, France, June 19th, 1864- the pirate <em>Alabama</em> Captain Semmes, sunk after an engagement of one hour by the United States steamer <em>Kearsarge</em>, Captain Winslow."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Victory off Cherbourg

"The naval victory off Cherbourg, France, June 19th, 1864- the pirate Alabama Captain Semmes,…

"The siege of Mobile- explosion of Fort Powell, at Grant's Pass, July 5th, 1864."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Siege of Mobile

"The siege of Mobile- explosion of Fort Powell, at Grant's Pass, July 5th, 1864."— Frank Leslie,…

"General McGowen addressing the Thirty-Fifth Abbeville (S. C.) Volunteers, in front of the Charleston Hotel. The gallant band of Confederates known as the Abbeville Volunteers was composed of a hundred of the wealthiest citizens of the district. A number of them were accompanied by their negro servants, as the barons of old were by their armed vassals. General McGowen made a strong speech, and was loudly cheered."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General McGowen

"General McGowen addressing the Thirty-Fifth Abbeville (S. C.) Volunteers, in front of the Charleston…

"Major Robert Anderson, the commander of Fort Sumter at the time of its fall, was born in Kentucky in the year 1805, and graduated at West Point in 1825. He was actively engaged through the Mexican War, and was severely wounded at Molino del Rey. In recognition of his services of his services at Fort Sumter he was appointed brigadier general by President Lincoln. He was relieved from duty in October, 1861, on account of failing health. He died in France in 1871."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Major Robert Anderson

"Major Robert Anderson, the commander of Fort Sumter at the time of its fall, was born in Kentucky in…

"General Beauregard, who opened the Civil War by bombarding Fort Sumter, made a brilliant record during the conflict between the States. He won the battle of Bull Run; distinguished himself at Shiloh; held General Halleck in check for two months; defended Charleston; and commanding at Petersburg, aided General Lee in the long and gallant defense of Richmond."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General P. G. T. Beauregard

"General Beauregard, who opened the Civil War by bombarding Fort Sumter, made a brilliant record during…

"General Sherman, born in Lancaster, Ohio, February 8th, 1820; died in New York city, February 14th, 1891."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Lieutenant General William Tecumseh Sherman

"General Sherman, born in Lancaster, Ohio, February 8th, 1820; died in New York city, February 14th,…

"The battle of Rich Mountain, Beverly Pike, Va., between a division of Major General McClellan's command, led by General Rosecrans, and the Confederate troops under Colonel Pegram, July 11th, 1863. Upon the arrival of General McClellan's troops on the Beverly Pike, which runs along the summit of Rich Mountain, a heavy fire was opened upon them, the Confederates firing shot, shell and grape, but so wildly that little damage was done. The Federal troops dropped flat and deployed as skirmishers advancing slowly. The enemy, mistaking this movement, rushed from their breastworks with a shout and approached the road. The Federals then fired a most terrific and destructive volley, and rushed up the slope into the enemy's ranks with fixed bayonets. The fight now raged promiscuously all over the hill. The Confederates were soon driven up the hill, over their breastworks, and completely routed. The battle continued for an hour and a half from the first to the last shot."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Rich Mountain

"The battle of Rich Mountain, Beverly Pike, Va., between a division of Major General McClellan's command,…

"Scene on the floating battery, Charleston Harbor, during the bombardment of Fort Sumter. A very important factor in the bombardment of Fort Sumter was an immense floating battery, which did effective work in the silencing of the fort's guns. Major Anderson directed many of his shots at the floating battery; but while it was struck fifteen or eighteen times, not the slightest impression was made upon its iron-cased sides."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Floating Battery

"Scene on the floating battery, Charleston Harbor, during the bombardment of Fort Sumter. A very important…

"The attack upon the batteries at the entrance of Acquia Creek, Potomac River, by the United States vessels <em>Pawnee</em>, <em>Yankee</em>, <em>Thomas Freeborn</em>, <em>Anacosta</em>, and <em>Resolute</em>, June 1st, 1861. On May 31st Captain Ward, in command on board of the <em>Thomas Freeborn</em>, and assisted by two more of his gunboats, the <em>Resolute</em> and the <em>Anacosta</em>, began the attack on the Confederate batteries, and after a two hours' fight, succeeded in silencing the batteries at the landing; but, for want of long-range ammunition, could not effectually respond to the heavy fire from the heights, and so had to withdraw. The following day, however, with aditional aid from the <em>Pawnee</em> and <em>Yankee</em>, the attack was resumed, and the batteries were at last silenced and the Confederates compelled to retreat."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Acquia Creek

"The attack upon the batteries at the entrance of Acquia Creek, Potomac River, by the United States…

"Battle of Carrick's Ford, between the troops of General McClellan's command, under General Morris, and the Confederates under General Garnett, July 13th, 1861. After a long march through drenching rain, the Federal troops under General Morris reached Carrick's Ford, where they found the Confederates holding the cliff on the opposite bank of the river. Both sides began a heavy firing. Then the Seventh Indiana Regiment plunged into the river and scaled the cliff on the right of the enemy, while the others kept up the fight in front. As soon as the flanking party reached the top of the cliff the Confederates retreated, and were pursued for about two miles."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Carrick's Ford

"Battle of Carrick's Ford, between the troops of General McClellan's command, under General Morris,…

"Engagement at Bealington, Va., between Ohio and Indiana regiments and a detachment of Georgia troops. On July 8th, 1861, from a high hill in the neighborhood of Bealington, two large bodies of troops were seen marching out of the Confederate camp. They advanced under cover of the wood, when the Federal skirmishers rushed at them. The confederate cavalry then appeared, and the skirmishers retreated, when the Federal regiments threw a couple of shells into the midst of the cavalry, who at once retired. The Ohio troops then sent another volley and several shells into the wood, which did so much execution among the Confederates that the officers could not rally them."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Bealington

"Engagement at Bealington, Va., between Ohio and Indiana regiments and a detachment of Georgia troops.…

"Group of Ellsworth's Chicago Zouave Cadets. No military organization during the war was more brilliant than the Chicago Zouave Cadets, with their striking and gay uniforms; their flowing red pants; their jaunty crimson caps; their peculiar drab gaiters and leggings, and the loose blue jackets, with rows of small, sparkling buttons, and the light-blue shirt beneath. In all their evolutions the Zouaves displayed great precision."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Zouave Cadets

"Group of Ellsworth's Chicago Zouave Cadets. No military organization during the war was more brilliant…

"The ('Billy') Wilson Zouaves, at Tammany Hall, taking the oath of fidelity to the flag, April 24th, 1861. Colonel Wilson was among the first to offer his services to the government on the breaking out of the war. He recruited a regiment of nearly twelve hundred men from the rowdy and criminal classes of New York City. The regiment was formally mustered in the old Tammany Hall, and there, on April 24th, with the men arranged around the room, with the officers in the centre, the colonel, with a sword in one hand and the American flag in the other, led the men into swearing to 'support the flag and never to flinch from its path through blood or death.' The Zouaves, a few days afterward, left for the South."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Billy Wilson Zouaves

"The ('Billy') Wilson Zouaves, at Tammany Hall, taking the oath of fidelity to the flag, April 24th,…

"The funeral cortege, at boston, Mass., of the Sixth Massachusetts soldiers killed at Baltimore. The funeral of the four soldiers of the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment who were killed in Baltimore, April 19th, 1861, while en route to Washington, was held at Boston, May 1st. The bodies were received in the city by a military escort under Governor Andrew and Adjutant General Schouler, accompanied by a large concourse of citizens, and were temporarily deposited in the vaults of King's Chapel. The names of these 'first martyrs' were Luther C. Ladd, Addison O. Whitney, Charles A. Taylor and Sumner H. Needham. The Legislature of Maryland, on March 5th, 1862, appropriated seven thousand dollars, to be dispensed, under the direction of the Governor of Massachusetts, for the relief of the families of those who were killed and injured."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Funeral Cortege

"The funeral cortege, at boston, Mass., of the Sixth Massachusetts soldiers killed at Baltimore. The…

"Second charge upon the Confederates by General Fremont's bodyguard, under Major Zagonyi, near Springfield, Mo., on October 25th, 1861. After the first charge of Major Zagonyi, described on another page, Captain McNaughton reached the scene with fifty men. The order to follow retreating Confederates was given, and all dashed ahead for a second charge through the woods. Many of the fugitives were overtaken there, as well as in the streets of Springfield and in the forest beyond the city. Only when further pursuit seemed useless did the Federals return. Zagonyi's brave followers suffered a loss of eighty-four dead and wounded in this engagement, which, for the boldness of its undertaking and the rapidity of its execution under the great disparity of numbers, certainly has but few parallels in any history."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Major Zagonyi

"Second charge upon the Confederates by General Fremont's bodyguard, under Major Zagonyi, near Springfield,…

"The Sixteenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteers, under Colonel Irwine, crossing the tray run viaduct, near Cheat River, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. On its way to Rowlesburg, Va., the Sixteenth Regiment of Ohio Volunteers crossed the Tray Run Viaduct, one of the most remarkable engineering works on the whole line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. It spans a deep gorge in the mountains six hundred feet in width, and at a height of one hundred and sixty feet above the bed of the ravine. The roadway is supported on iron columns, secured and braced in a peculiar manner, and placed on a solid mass of masonry, which fills up the bottom of the run. The scenery at this point is equal to anything in the world, combining the choicest materials of mountain, forest and river."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Sixteenth Regiment

"The Sixteenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteers, under Colonel Irwine, crossing the tray run viaduct, near…

"Rhode Island Regiments embarking at Providence for New York and Washington. Within five days after the President's call for troops the Rhode Island Marine Artillery, with 8 guns and 110 horses, commanded by Colonel Tompkins, passed through New York on their way to Washington, and the First Regiment of infantry, 1,200 strong, under Colonel Ambrose E. Burnside, was ready to move. It was composed of many of the wealthier citizens of the State, and accompanied by the patriotic Governor, who had, from his private purse, armed and equipped the regiment, as well as contributed to the general war fun. The little State, on May 18th, 1861, appropriated $500,000 for equipping volunteers."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Rhode Island Regiments

"Rhode Island Regiments embarking at Providence for New York and Washington. Within five days after…

"Battle of Belmont, Mo., opposite Columbus, Ky, November 7th, 1861- Federal forces commanded by U. S. Grant; Confederate forces, by Leonidas Polk. Explanation: 1. Brigadier General Grant and staff directing the movements of the troops. 2. Brigadier General McClernand leading the charge at the head of the Thirty-first Illinois. 3. Thirty-first Illinois, Colonel Logan. 4. Body of Lieutenant Colonel Wendtz, Seventh Ohio. 5. Body of Captain Pulaski, aid-de-camp to McClernand, killed while leading the charge. 6. Caisson ordered to the field from the rear. 7. Twenty-seventh Illinois, Colonel Buford, taking the camp colors of the Confederates. 8. Thirtieth illinois, colonel Fouke. 8A. Twenty-second Illinois, Colonel Dougherty. 9. Light artillery, Captain Taylor. 10. Seventh Ohio, Colonel 11. Captain Schwartz, acting chief of artillery, taking the Confederate battery. 12. Watson's Louisiana field battery. 13. Confederate artillery horses. 14. Battery of heavy ordinance at Columbus. 15. Encampment near Columbus. 16. Confederate ferryboat. 17. Columbus"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Belmont

"Battle of Belmont, Mo., opposite Columbus, Ky, November 7th, 1861- Federal forces commanded by U. S.…

"Landing of United States troops at Fort Walker, after the bombardment, November 7th, 1861. In order to establish a naval rendezvous where vessels on the way to or from blockading squadrons could coal and take refuge in case of need, it was decided by the Federal authorities to capture the entrance to Port Royal, South Carolina. A large expedition was fitted out, and after a heavy bombardment of about four hours, signal was given that the two forts, Walker and Beauregard, had been abandoned. When the Federal troops landed at Fort Walker they found numbers of dead and dying amidst dismounted guns in all directions, and the hospital building shot through and through in many places. The loss on the fleet was 8 killed and 23 wounded."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Walker

"Landing of United States troops at Fort Walker, after the bombardment, November 7th, 1861. In order…

"Morning mustering of the 'Contrabands' at Fortress Monroe, on their way to their day's work. As a living illustration of one of the aspects of the Civil War, a sketch is given above of the contrabands, [African Americans], going to their daily work at Fortress Monroe. The variety of the Ethiopian countenance is capitally given, and while some remind us of the merry phiz of George Christy in his sable mood, others wear the ponderous gravity of a New Jersey justice. The [African American] men had a comparatively pleasant time under their state of contraband existence."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Morning Mustering

"Morning mustering of the 'Contrabands' at Fortress Monroe, on their way to their day's work. As a living…

"The morning detail of the Fourth New Hampshire Volunteers going to work on the Hilton Head Fortifications. The morning detail of a regiment going to work on the fortifications was rather a merry and a peculiar sight. Instead of rifles and cannon, the heroes were armed with shovels, hoes, spades, pickaxes and trowels, while their train of artillery was a battery of wheelbarrows. Above all the troubles, ravages and cares of a campaign rose that indomitable cheerfulnes and willingness so characteristic of the American."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Morning Detail

"The morning detail of the Fourth New Hampshire Volunteers going to work on the Hilton Head Fortifications.…

"The bombardment of Fort Pulaski, second day, Friday, April 11th, 1862. General Quincy A. Gilmore took personal command of Tybee Island on the 20th of February, 1862, and at once began construction of earthworks. On the 9th of April everything was in readiness for the bombardment, and early on the following morning a summons for the surrender of Fort Pulaski was sent, through Lieutenant J. H. Wilson, to its commander, Colonel Charles H. Olmstead, by General David Hunter. The surrender having been refused, order was given to immediately open fire. This was done at about eight o'clock on the morning of the 10th, from the two 13-inch mortars in charge of Captain Sanford. The remaining two batteries joined in, and their united fire thundered all day, and was steadily responded to from the fort. The bombardment of the fort was kept up until the next morning, and at daybreak of the 11th the firing again commenced on both sides. The Federal fire was mainly directed against the southeastern portion of the fort, and by two o'clock in the afternoon the breach had become so wide that the arches of the casemate were laid bare. This was followed by the hoisting of a white flag, when firing ceased. The immediate and unconditional surrender of the fort was agreed on."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Pulaski

"The bombardment of Fort Pulaski, second day, Friday, April 11th, 1862. General Quincy A. Gilmore took…

An impressive South American species of fly-catcher, with a transverse crest of reddish-fawn feathers.

King Flycatcher

An impressive South American species of fly-catcher, with a transverse crest of reddish-fawn feathers.

Native to South America, the tricolored alectrurus measures only six inches in length.

Tricolored Alectrurus

Native to South America, the tricolored alectrurus measures only six inches in length.

The red-wing thrush migrates from the north to the south of Europe in the winter, feeding on worms and other soft-bodies animals.

Red-Wing Thrush

The red-wing thrush migrates from the north to the south of Europe in the winter, feeding on worms and…

"Is of a deep reddish-fawn color; its lives in pairs or small families, frequenting the reedy borders of mountain streams. It is found in South Africa, but at some distance from the Cape." &mdash; S. G. Goodrich, 1885

Inghalla

"Is of a deep reddish-fawn color; its lives in pairs or small families, frequenting the reedy borders…

Found in South Africa, the pinc-pinc is about the size of a wren, and is named after its distinctive cry.

Pinc-Pinc

Found in South Africa, the pinc-pinc is about the size of a wren, and is named after its distinctive…

Found from Louisiana to New Jersey, the blue-winged yellow warbler migrates south to tropical parts of America during the winter.

Blue-Winged Yellow Warbler

Found from Louisiana to New Jersey, the blue-winged yellow warbler migrates south to tropical parts…

Found as far north as Greenland, the common-snow bird migrates as far south as Virginia in the winter.

Common Snowbird

Found as far north as Greenland, the common-snow bird migrates as far south as Virginia in the winter.

Found in the north of Europe and Asia, specimens of the shore-lark have been ound as far south as France and England.

Shore Lark

Found in the north of Europe and Asia, specimens of the shore-lark have been ound as far south as France…