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"Numenius arquata, the Curlew or Whaup, breeds freely on the moorlands of Britain; and extends throughout Northern Europe and Asia to Lake Baikal. The plumage is pale brown with darker streaks, the rump, tail, and axillaries being white, and the two latter barred with brown; the belly is white, the breast nearly in winter." A. H. Evans, 1900

Curlew

"Numenius arquata, the Curlew or Whaup, breeds freely on the moorlands of Britain; and extends throughout…

An illustration of a man holding a child while wading in water.

Man Holding Child

An illustration of a man holding a child while wading in water.

"Cinclus aquaticus, Dippers, the colour above is normally greyish-black or brown; the lower parts are similar or white, commonly with a black belly, while a chestnut band crosses the breast in the British. The sexes are alike, but the young are spotted. Both plumage and down are close and nearly impervious to water." A. H. Evans, 1900

Dipper

"Cinclus aquaticus, Dippers, the colour above is normally greyish-black or brown; the lower parts are…

"Figure 5 shows a form of the apparatus for separating a liquid from another of different boiling point, such as alcohol and water. The mixture is poured into retort B, and then heated to about 90 degrees C, which is above the boiling point of alcohol but below that of water. The vaporized alcohol escapes through A to the worm D. This is a simple helical coil of pipe surrounded by cold water, and serving to condense the vapor, which runs out as a liquid at the bottom. The cooling water is constantly changed by the supplying fresh cold water at the bottom and drawing off the heated water from the top." Louis Derr, 1911

A Still Showing the Separation of a Liquid from a Solid

"Figure 5 shows a form of the apparatus for separating a liquid from another of different boiling point,…

"The falling weights EE turned a paddle-wheel stirrer inside the cylindrical vessel G, which was filled with water and was much like the common ice-cream freezer. The friction of the stirrer heated the water; and when distance was measured through which the weights fell, it was possible to calculate the relation between the work done by the falling weights and the heat developed in the water." Louis Derr, 1911

Thermodynamics Apparatus Showing the Relationship between the First and Second Principals

"The falling weights EE turned a paddle-wheel stirrer inside the cylindrical vessel G, which was filled…

"And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing two or three firkins apiece. Jesus saith unto them, Fill the waterpots with water. And they filled them up to the brim. And he saith unto them, Draw out now, and bear unto the governor of the feast. And they bare it. When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine, and knew not whence it was: (but the servants which drew the water knew;) the governor of the feast called the bridegroom, And saith unto him, Every man at the beginning doth set forth good wine; and when men have well drunk, then that which is worse: but thou hast kept the good wine until now." John 2:6-10 KJV

The Water Turned into Wine at Cana of Galilee

"And there were set there six waterpots of stone, after the manner of the purifying of the Jews, containing…

"He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself. After that he poureth water into a bason, and began to wash the disciples' feet, and to wipe them with the towel wherewith he was girded." John 13:4-5 KJV

Jesus Washing the Feet of His Disciples

"He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself. After that…

"Pilate saith unto them, What shall I do then with Jesus which is called Christ? They all say unto him, Let him be crucified. And the governor said, Why, what evil hath he done? But they cried out the more, saying, Let him be crucified. When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but that rather a tumult was made, he took water, and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person: see ye to it. Then answered all the people, and said, His blood be on us, and on our children." Matthew 27:22-25 KJV

They Cried, Let Him Be Crucified

"Pilate saith unto them, What shall I do then with Jesus which is called Christ? They all say unto him,…

"And the servant ran to meet her, and said, Let me, I pray thee, drink a little water of thy pitcher." Genesis 24:17 KJV

Abraham's Servant Meeting Rebekah

"And the servant ran to meet her, and said, Let me, I pray thee, drink a little water of thy pitcher."…

"And the child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. And she called his name Moses: and she said, Because I drew him out of the water." Exodus 2:10 KJV

Moses Brought Before Pharaoh's Daughter

"And the child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh's daughter, and he became her son. And she called…

"Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel." Exodus 17:6 KJV

Moses Bringing Water from the Rock

"Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there…

"And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, to pass over the Jordan, the priests that bare the ark of the covenant being before the people; and when they that bare the ark were come unto the Jordan, and the feet of the priests that bare the ark were dipped in the brink of the water (for the Jordan overfloweth all its banks all the time of harvest,) that the waters which came down from above stood, and rose up in one heap, a great way off, at Adam, the city that is beside Zarethan; and those that went down toward the sea of the Arabah, even the Salt Sea, were wholly cut off: and the people passed over right against Jericho. And the priests that bare the ark of the covenant of Jehovah stood firm on dry ground in the midst of the Jordan; and all Israel passed over on dry ground, until all the nation were passed clean over the Jordan. Joshua 3:14-17 <p>Illustration of the priests carrying the ark of the covenant into the Jordan River. Many people follow them into the dry river bed.

The Hebrews Crossing the Jordan

"And it came to pass, when the people removed from their tents, to pass over the Jordan, the priests…

Mechanical drawing convention for identifying water. Using conventionalized patterns to identify materials is called section lining.

Water

Mechanical drawing convention for identifying water. Using conventionalized patterns to identify materials…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches.

Virginia Cut Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. The staminate flowers are seen as they appear at the the end of a branch of the natural size.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. The staminate flowers are seen as they appear when magnified.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. The germ and stigmas are shown here.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. Here we see a fertile or pistillate flower.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. Here we see a fertile or pistillate flower.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. Here we see a ripe fertile or pistillate flower.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders of streams, and is common in shallow water. It grows from three to nine feet in height, with flat, long, lanceolate leaves. It has a large, pyramidal panicle with spreading, sterile lower branches. Here we see a narrow thin seed for this grass.

Indian Rice Grass

Indian Rice Grass (Zizania aquatica), also known as Wild Rice, or Water Oats, is found in swampy borders…

The Floating Foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus) has a stem ascending, bent, and forming knees at the lower joints. It has linear anthers and its upper leaf is as long as its sheath. The root is perennial and fibrous. Joints are smooth, long, and narrow, of a purple tinge. The leaves are flat, sharp, roughish on both sides and serrated on the edge. The Floating Foxtail is found in moist meadows, ditches, ponds, and slow streams, floating on the water.

Floating Foxtail Grass

The Floating Foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus) has a stem ascending, bent, and forming knees at the lower…

The Floating Foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus) has a stem ascending, bent, and forming knees at the lower joints. It has linear anthers and its upper leaf is as long as its sheath. The root is perennial and fibrous. Joints are smooth, long, and narrow, of a purple tinge. The leaves are flat, sharp, roughish on both sides and serrated on the edge. The Floating Foxtail is found in moist meadows, ditches, ponds, and slow streams, floating on the water. The floret of one palea, awn slender is shown here.

Floating Foxtail Grass

The Floating Foxtail (Alopecurus geniculatus) has a stem ascending, bent, and forming knees at the lower…

Water Spear grass (Glyceria aquatica), also known as Reed Meadow grass, grows in wet soils and the shallow water of marshes. It is tall, reedy, and grows four or five feet high with a panicle nearly a foot long, diffuse with smooth flexuous branches.

Water Spear Grass

Water Spear grass (Glyceria aquatica), also known as Reed Meadow grass, grows in wet soils and the shallow…

Water Spear grass (Glyceria aquatica), also known as Reed Meadow grass, grows in wet soils and the shallow water of marshes. It is tall, reedy, and grows four or five feet high with a panicle nearly a foot long, diffuse with smooth flexuous branches. The magnified spikelet is shown here.

Water Spear Grass

Water Spear grass (Glyceria aquatica), also known as Reed Meadow grass, grows in wet soils and the shallow…

Water Hair Grass (Aira aquatica) is the sweetest of the British grasses. Its stems and leaves when green have a sweet and agreeable taste, like that of a liquorice. Water fowls are said to be very fond of the seeds and the fresh green shoots which cattle eat very readily. It is a strict aquatic but can be cultvated on imperfectly drained bogs.

Water Hair Grass

Water Hair Grass (Aira aquatica) is the sweetest of the British grasses. Its stems and leaves when green…

Cold water poured on Henry Watterson's call for peaceful march on Washington. "Fire and water make vapor - what a cooling off will be there, my countrymen!"

Watterson's Call for Peaceful March

Cold water poured on Henry Watterson's call for peaceful march on Washington. "Fire and water make vapor…

"Argent, a boujet proper. BOUJET. An ancient water bucket, frequently borne in shields of arms." -Hall, 1862

Boujet

"Argent, a boujet proper. BOUJET. An ancient water bucket, frequently borne in shields of arms." -Hall,…

Erosion is the removal of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) in the natural environment. It usually occurs due to transport by wind, water, or ice; by down-slope creep of soil and other material under the force of gravity; or by living organisms, such as burrowing animals, in the case of bioerosion. This figure shows the effects of erosion on the rock formation along the coast of the Mendocino Coast in California.

Mendocino Coast Erosion

Erosion is the removal of solids (sediment, soil, rock and other particles) in the natural environment.…

The floor of the sea was first formed or rocks that had cooled from a state of fusion. The few islands that existed were but exposed portions on the floor. The debris scattered over this foundation would be arranged in layers, as water always arranges its sediments. The coarser materials would be transported by the more powerful action and deposited in one place. The finer materials would be carried beyond and deposited in a remoter region. Here we see (a) the primordial igneous crust, (b) a sea-side cliff gnawed by the waves, (c) the ordinary sea-level, (d) the ruins of the cliff with the coarser deposited near the shore, and the finer floated to greater depths.

Shore Erosion and Distribution of Sediments

The floor of the sea was first formed or rocks that had cooled from a state of fusion. The few islands…

Along the south shore of Lake Superior is a sandstone once regarded as belonging to the Potsdam, but probably, in part , of the age of the Calciferous, in which we search in vain for any of those fossil remains so common in Minnesota. Whaterver its geological age, the Lake Superior sandstone is a formation of remarkable interest. This section across Lake Superior shows (a) water level. (b) trap outburst north of the lake, (c) trap outburst forming Isle Royale, (d) trap outburst forming Kewenaw Point, (e) Lake Superior sandstone and conglomerate. Eözoic and other rocks underlying the sandstone (f).

Sandstone

Along the south shore of Lake Superior is a sandstone once regarded as belonging to the Potsdam, but…

The Pearly Nautilus (Nautilus Pompilius) is the only living representative of a unique form of cephalopod, recorded in fossils for over 500 million years. The shell, pearly and beautifully colored, is spirally formed and consists of a series of chambers separated by curved cross plates thus exemplifies the "chambered shell". The nautilus is a bottom feeder on Crustaceans, usually in deep water.

Pearly Nautilus

The Pearly Nautilus (Nautilus Pompilius) is the only living representative of a unique form of cephalopod,…

Goniatites are extinct ammonoids, shelled cephalopods related to squid, octopus, and belemnites, that form the order Goniatitida. The goniatites all possessed an external shell, which is divided internally into chambers. The animal lived in the largest of the external chambers, and the internal chambers would have been filled with gas, making the animal buoyant in the water.

Coiled Chambered Shell

Goniatites are extinct ammonoids, shelled cephalopods related to squid, octopus, and belemnites, that…

In the Dakotah (Dakota) Territory, the area know as the Bad Lands, is a sunken area thirty miles wide and ninety miles long. It is a type of arid terrain where softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded by wind and water. From the bottom of this sunken plain rise domes, pinnacles, monuments, and massive walls. The most impressive feature of this scene is the multitude of fossil bones which appear built into the massive masonry of this mimic architecture.

Bad Lands of Dakota

In the Dakotah (Dakota) Territory, the area know as the Bad Lands, is a sunken area thirty miles wide…

A glacier is a large, slow-moving mass of ice, formed from compacted layers of snow. Glacier ice is the largest reservoir of fresh water on Earth, and second only to oceans as the largest reservoir of total water.

Glacier

A glacier is a large, slow-moving mass of ice, formed from compacted layers of snow. Glacier ice is…

Drift material, loose material left on the surface by a retiring glacier, plays a part in wells and springs. (a) Beds of clay variously disiposed in a mass of sandy materials. (b) Wells sunk in different situations, and finding a supply of water only when a bed of clay is reached. A well on top of a hill may be shallower than one at the foot. (c) The surface of the earth. (d) Outcrop bed of clay, causing a spring. If the porous materials contain fragments of limestones, these spring waters are hard, and d. A well carried below its supplying-bed may lose its water again.

Phenomena of Wells and Springs in Drift Material

Drift material, loose material left on the surface by a retiring glacier, plays a part in wells and…

Arched rock is a natural limestone arch formed during the Nipissing post-glacial period, a period of high Lake Huron levels following the end of the Wisconsin glaciation. Arch Rock stands on the Lake Huron shoreline 146 feet above the water.

Arched Rock

Arched rock is a natural limestone arch formed during the Nipissing post-glacial period, a period of…

Ancient cedar trees were found buried beneath the Dennisvill swamp in southern New Jersey. It was believed the perculiar action of water and wind kept these trees in the same stage of decay as when they fell. This discovery resulted in the novel business of "mining cedar trees".

Buried Swamp

Ancient cedar trees were found buried beneath the Dennisvill swamp in southern New Jersey. It was believed…

A typical cell consists of two portions, one, te firmer, forming an excessively delicate meshwork enclosing its cavities the second more fluid part. Therefore, when highly mangnified, the appearance would be essentialluy like a sponge fully saturated with water. The protoplasm the sponge work, and possibly the fluid part is living and both are transparent.

Typical amimal cell

A typical cell consists of two portions, one, te firmer, forming an excessively delicate meshwork enclosing…

Infusoria is an obsolete collective term for minute aquatic creatures like ciliates, euglenoids, protozoa, and unicellular algae that exist in freshwater ponds. The first type exists in the common fresh-water organism known as Euglena. The spindle-shaped body is surrounded by a delicate cuticle perforated at one point, where a funnel-shaped depression, the gullet, leads into the soft protoplasmic interior. From the base of this depression the protoplasm is drawn out in the form of a delicate ship-like process known as the flagellum. Shown here is Flagellate Infusoria (fig 8A); (c) pulsating vacuole; (e) eye-spot; (g) gullet; (n) nucleus; (t) flagellum.

Flagellate Infusoria

Infusoria is an obsolete collective term for minute aquatic creatures like ciliates, euglenoids, protozoa,…

The Bell Animalcule (Vorticella) (fig 10) in certain respects resembles the Slipper Animalcule. It is generally attached by a slender stalk, and where many are growing together they appear like a delicate growth of mold upon the water weed. In figure 10 we see Vorticlla, an attached ciliate infusorian, highly magnified. (a) fully extented individual, (c.v.) pulsating vaculoe; (g) gullet; (n) nucleus. (b) contracted specimen, (c) small free-swimming individual, which unites with a statinary individual (one partly united is shown in specimen b).

Vorticella

The Bell Animalcule (Vorticella) (fig 10) in certain respects resembles the Slipper Animalcule. It is…

Pandorina, a one-celled, fresh water form, is a genus of green algae composed of 8, 16, or sometimes 32 cells, held together at their bases to form a globular colony surrounded by mucilage. The cells are ovoid or slightly narrowed at one end to appear keystone- or pear-shaped.

Pandorina

Pandorina, a one-celled, fresh water form, is a genus of green algae composed of 8, 16, or sometimes…

Calcolynthus primigenius, a simple sponge with the wall removed to show the inside. It is hollow, attached at the base with an opening at the top. There are many small holes though the wall with water constantly entering and passing out through the mouth at the top.

Sponge

Calcolynthus primigenius, a simple sponge with the wall removed to show the inside. It is hollow, attached…

Fresh water Hydra, a jellyfish, is a many celled animal. Shown enlarged 25 times, is the entire animal.

Hydra Jellyfish

Fresh water Hydra, a jellyfish, is a many celled animal. Shown enlarged 25 times, is the entire animal.

Fresh water Hydra, a jellyfish, is a many celled animal. Shown is a Hydra nettle cells.

Hydra Jellyfish

Fresh water Hydra, a jellyfish, is a many celled animal. Shown is a Hydra nettle cells.

Fresh water Hydra, a jellyfish, is a many celled animal. The organs of defence, nettle cells or lasso cells , in the event of disturbance, the sac will discharge coiled thread an barbs into the body of the intruder.

Hydra Jellyfish

Fresh water Hydra, a jellyfish, is a many celled animal. The organs of defence, nettle cells or lasso…

Fresh water Hydra, a jellyfish, is a many celled animal. The organs of defence, nettle cells or lasso cells , in the event of disturbance, the sac will discharge coiled thread an barbs into the body of the intruder.

Hydra Jellyfish

Fresh water Hydra, a jellyfish, is a many celled animal. The organs of defence, nettle cells or lasso…

Flatworms are flattened, leaf-like forms living in damp places on land, in freshwater streams of ponds, or along the seacoast while a variety of other species are parasitic. The free forms are usually small, barely reaching a length greater than five or seven cetimeters (2 to 3 inches). Some of the parasitic species attain the great length of six to thirteen meters (20 to 40 feet). This is a fresh water flatworm.

Flatworm

Flatworms are flattened, leaf-like forms living in damp places on land, in freshwater streams of ponds,…

Flatworms are flattened, leaf-like forms living in damp places on land, in freshwater streams of ponds, or along the seacoast while a variety of other species are parasitic. The free forms are usually small, barely reaching a length greater than five or seven cetimeters (2 to 3 inches). Some of the parasitic species attain the great length of six to thirteen meters (20 to 40 feet). This is a fresh water flatworm. This is an anatomy of freshwater flatworm (Planaria), showing the excretory system, with flame-cell. The alimentary canal is stippled.

Flatworm

Flatworms are flattened, leaf-like forms living in damp places on land, in freshwater streams of ponds,…

Band or Nemetean worms have been discovered in damp soil or in fresh-water streams. These are commonly small and inconspicuous, pigmies when compared with their marine relatives. Many are often found on the seashore under rocks that have been exposed by the retreating tide.

Nemetean

Band or Nemetean worms have been discovered in damp soil or in fresh-water streams. These are commonly…

Band or Nemetean worms have been discovered in damp soil or in fresh-water streams. These are commonly small and inconspicuous, pigmies when compared with their marine relatives. Many are often found on the seashore under rocks that have been exposed by the retreating tide. Shown here is the head, earing numerous eyes and spine-tipped proboscis.

Nemetean

Band or Nemetean worms have been discovered in damp soil or in fresh-water streams. These are commonly…

Cyclops, the representative of a number of lowly forms belonging to the order of Copepods, is one of the commest fresh-water Crustacea. The forward segments of the spindle-shaped body are covered by a large shield or carapace. The feet, are few in number, and like its fabled namesake, it bears an eye in the center of the forehead. Diagram of the cyclops shows the (e.s.) egs, (i) intestine, (ov) reproductive organ.

Cyclops

Cyclops, the representative of a number of lowly forms belonging to the order of Copepods, is one of…

Crayfish, crawfish, or crawdads are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are related. They breathe through feather-like gills and are found in bodies of water that do not freeze to the bottom; they are also mostly found in brooks and streams where there is fresh water running, and which have shelter against predators

Crayfish

Crayfish, crawfish, or crawdads are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they…

Crayfish, crawfish, or crawdads are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are related. They breathe through feather-like gills and are found in bodies of water that do not freeze to the bottom; they are also mostly found in brooks and streams where there is fresh water running, and which have shelter against predators. This disscetion of a crayfish shows the following: (b) brain, (h) heart, (i) intestine, (k) kidney, (l) liver, (n) nerve cord, (r) reproductive organ, (s) stomach.

Crayfish

Crayfish, crawfish, or crawdads are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they…

Hearing is the perception of certain vibrations of bodies. These vibrations give rise to sound waves. These sound waves come to animals through the air, through water, or throught both air and water. Here we see the auditory organ of a mollusk showing the (a) auditory nerve, (b) the outer wall of connective tissue, (c) cells with auditory hairs, and (d) otolith.

Sense of Hearing

Hearing is the perception of certain vibrations of bodies. These vibrations give rise to sound waves.…

Hearing is the perception of certain vibrations of bodies. These vibrations give rise to sound waves. These sound waves come to animals through the air, through water, or throught both air and water. Here we see the auditory organ of a cray fish showing the auditory sac at the base.

Sense of Hearing

Hearing is the perception of certain vibrations of bodies. These vibrations give rise to sound waves.…

Hearing is the perception of certain vibrations of bodies. These vibrations give rise to sound waves. These sound waves come to animals through the air, through water, or throught both air and water. Here we see the auditory organ of a grasshopper located in the abdomen.

Sense of Hearing

Hearing is the perception of certain vibrations of bodies. These vibrations give rise to sound waves.…

Hearing is the perception of certain vibrations of bodies. These vibrations give rise to sound waves. These sound waves come to animals through the air, through water, or throught both air and water. Here we see the auditory organ of a cricket showing the auditory organ in the foreleg.

Sense of Hearing

Hearing is the perception of certain vibrations of bodies. These vibrations give rise to sound waves.…

"Party per fess, engrailed, argent and gules. PARTY PER FESS. A shield parted in the centre by an horizontal line through the fess point." -Hall, 1862

Party Per Fess Engrailed

"Party per fess, engrailed, argent and gules. PARTY PER FESS. A shield parted in the centre by an horizontal…

An illustration of a girl heating water in the stove in a tea kettle.

Girl Heating Water in Tea Kettle

An illustration of a girl heating water in the stove in a tea kettle.