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Roman soldier wearing a cuirass with scale armor.

Roman cuirass

Roman soldier wearing a cuirass with scale armor.

A Roman coin that originally weighed 12 oz.

As

A Roman coin that originally weighed 12 oz.

(63 BC-AD 14) Roman Emperor

Emperor Augustus

(63 BC-AD 14) Roman Emperor

(121-180) Roman Emperor

Marcus Aurelius

(121-180) Roman Emperor

The sacred bull, worshipped with divine honors by the ancient Egyptians, who regarded it as a symbol of Osiris, the god of the Nile, the husband of Isis, and the great divinity of Egypt.

Apis

The sacred bull, worshipped with divine honors by the ancient Egyptians, who regarded it as a symbol…

(742-814) Holy Roman Emperor

Charlemagne

(742-814) Holy Roman Emperor

A large marine swimming bird. The bill is straight and strong, the upper mandible hooked at the point and the lower one truncated; there are three webbed toes on each foot.

Albatross

A large marine swimming bird. The bill is straight and strong, the upper mandible hooked at the point…

God of Assyria, an ancient country of Asia.

Assyrian God Ninip

God of Assyria, an ancient country of Asia.

This antique Roman balance from Pompeii has one pan that hangs from a rod.

Antique Roman balance from Pompeii

This antique Roman balance from Pompeii has one pan that hangs from a rod.

(85 B.C.-42 B.C.) Brutus was a celebrated Roman who was involved in politics. He sympathized with Caesar until the conspiracy began, resulting in Caesar's death. Once Brutus' defeat was apparent, he committed suicide.

Marcus Junius Brutus

(85 B.C.-42 B.C.) Brutus was a celebrated Roman who was involved in politics. He sympathized with Caesar…

A vehicle used for pleasure and war by the early Assyrians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The vehicle has two wheels, closed in the front and open in the back.

Roman Military Chariot

A vehicle used for pleasure and war by the early Assyrians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The vehicle…

(10 B.C.-54 A.D.) Claudius was a Roman Emperor. He accomplished many things, including the Claudian aqueduct.

Claudius

(10 B.C.-54 A.D.) Claudius was a Roman Emperor. He accomplished many things, including the Claudian…

The Colosseum at Rome was the greatest of Roman ampitheatres.

Colosseum at Rome

The Colosseum at Rome was the greatest of Roman ampitheatres.

Diana was a goddess of the Romans. She was the daughter of Zeus and Leto, twin sister of Apollo, and the goddess of hunting and chastity.

Diana

Diana was a goddess of the Romans. She was the daughter of Zeus and Leto, twin sister of Apollo, and…

Ancient Egyptian statue.

Egyptian Ancient Statue

Ancient Egyptian statue.

A harp is a stringed instrument of triangular form. The sculptures and ruins of the Egyptians and Syrians give evidence that it was a favorite instrument among them.

Ancient Egyptian Harps

A harp is a stringed instrument of triangular form. The sculptures and ruins of the Egyptians and Syrians…

An American Roman Catholic, prelate, born in Philadelphia, April 27, 1813; died there June 20, 1883.

James Frederick Wood

An American Roman Catholic, prelate, born in Philadelphia, April 27, 1813; died there June 20, 1883.

The lotus flower has been called the sacred flower of Ancient Egypt. It was the largent and most beautiful of flowers known to that tland, and figured prominently in both royal and religious ceremonies.

Lotus Flower

The lotus flower has been called the sacred flower of Ancient Egypt. It was the largent and most beautiful…

The lotus flower has been called the sacred flower of Ancient Egypt. As a product of the life-giving, wealth-bestowing Nile it was symbolic both of that river and of the solar divinities which ruled the river's inundations and imparted to it its fertility and life-renewing powers.

Conventionalized Lotus Flower

The lotus flower has been called the sacred flower of Ancient Egypt. As a product of the life-giving,…

The lotus flower has been called the sacred flower of Ancient Egypt. It is shown in the hands of kings and gods; laid as an offering on altars and tied to the tops of posts and columns.

Conventionalized Lotus Flower

The lotus flower has been called the sacred flower of Ancient Egypt. It is shown in the hands of kings…

The lotus flower has been called the sacred flower of Ancient Egypt. As a border ornament, the lotus was alternated with the bud, usually in a pendant position, perhaps in imitation of fringes of tassels.

Conventionalized Lotus Flower

The lotus flower has been called the sacred flower of Ancient Egypt. As a border ornament, the lotus…

The lotus flower has been called the sacred flower of Ancient Egypt. As a border ornament, the lotus was alternated with the bud, usually in a pendant position, perhaps in imitation of fringes of tassels.

Conventionalized Lotus Flower

The lotus flower has been called the sacred flower of Ancient Egypt. As a border ornament, the lotus…

Tepidarium at the Baths of Caracalla.

Baths of Caracalla

Tepidarium at the Baths of Caracalla.

Arch of Titus.

Roman Arch

Arch of Titus.

Roman niche-cap at Baalbek, Syria.

Roman Niche-Cap

Roman niche-cap at Baalbek, Syria.

Fragment fdrom Temple of Vespasian, in Villa Aldobrandini.

Band Ornament

Fragment fdrom Temple of Vespasian, in Villa Aldobrandini.

Simple water leaf molding.

Band Molding

Simple water leaf molding.

Enriched water leaf molding.

Band Molding

Enriched water leaf molding.

Candelabrum

Candelabrum

Candelabrum

Acannthus leaf enriched molding.

Band Molding

Acannthus leaf enriched molding.

Roman Ionic capital, front and side views.

Ionic Capital

Roman Ionic capital, front and side views.

Roman Ionic capital, front and side views.

Ionic Capital

Roman Ionic capital, front and side views.

Corinthian capital from the Temple of Mars, Ultor.

Corinthian Capital

Corinthian capital from the Temple of Mars, Ultor.

Roman pilastel caps show a greater variety of design than capitals of columns.

Roman Pilaster Cap

Roman pilastel caps show a greater variety of design than capitals of columns.

Roman scroll nest.

Roman Scroll Nest

Roman scroll nest.

Roman scroll nest.

Roman Scroll Nest

Roman scroll nest.

Roman rosette.

Rosette

Roman rosette.

Roman rosette.

Rosette

Roman rosette.

Terra cotta dolphins.

Dolphins

Terra cotta dolphins.

Roman bucranes and festoon.

Bucranes and Festoon

Roman bucranes and festoon.

Themoe of Diocletian.

Doric Order

Themoe of Diocletian.

Arch of Titus.

Composite Order

Arch of Titus.

Temple of Fortuna Virilis.

Ionic Order

Temple of Fortuna Virilis.

Temple of Castor and Pollux.

Corinthian Order

Temple of Castor and Pollux.

Greco-Roman Corinthian order of Temple of Vesta.

Corinthian Order

Greco-Roman Corinthian order of Temple of Vesta.

Enriched Corinthian base from the Temple of Concord.

Corinthian Base

Enriched Corinthian base from the Temple of Concord.

Enriched Corinthian base in the Baptistery of Constantine.

Corinthian Base

Enriched Corinthian base in the Baptistery of Constantine.

The Roman acanthus constitutes a type, rather than a particular form of leaf. As compared with the Greek type, it is less massive, less pointed, more minutely modeled. It suggests a larger, thinner, more flexible and more complex leaf, with well-developed "eyes" at the bases of the lobes and "pipes" or ribs curving from these to the base of the leaf.

Acanthus Leaves

The Roman acanthus constitutes a type, rather than a particular form of leaf. As compared with the Greek…

Four types of acanthus leaves.

Acanthus Leaves

Four types of acanthus leaves.

A band design that includes a round stem, springing from a nest of acanthus leaves, then branching into scrolls. Example from the Forum of Trajan.

Rinceau

A band design that includes a round stem, springing from a nest of acanthus leaves, then branching into…

Rinceau from the Temple of the Sun.

Rinceau

Rinceau from the Temple of the Sun.

Roman carved anthemion.

Anthemion

Roman carved anthemion.

Roman carved anthemion.

Anthemion

Roman carved anthemion.

Roman carved anthemion.

Anthemion

Roman carved anthemion.

Typical Roman ceiling panel.

Ceiling Panel

Typical Roman ceiling panel.

Detail of floor mosaic from Villa Italica, Seville.

Floor Mosaic

Detail of floor mosaic from Villa Italica, Seville.

Repeating band design.

Roman Ornament

Repeating band design.

Repeating band design.

Roman Ornament

Repeating band design.

Roman hanging ornament.

Roman Ornament

Roman hanging ornament.

Roman finial ornament.

Roman Ornament

Roman finial ornament.