ClipArt ETC
"Dissection of tadpole. DL., Lower lip; H., ventricle of heart; DE., oesophagus; NA., head kidney; A., aorta; K., kidney; KU., ureter; DO., cloaca; LH., hind-limb; KV., opening of ureter into cloaca; GR., genital ridge; GF., fatty body; LF., fore-limb; OG., gills; a, epidermis; b, dermis." -Thomson, 1916

Tadpole Dissection

"Dissection of tadpole. DL., Lower lip; H., ventricle of heart; DE., oesophagus; NA., head kidney; A.,…

"Skull of turtle. "S.O., supra-occipital; PAR., parietal; FR., frontal; P.F., pre-frontal; PO.F., post-frontal; SQ., squamosal; PMX., pre-maxilla; MX., maxilla; J., jugal; Q.J., quadrato-jugal; Q., quadrate; D., dentary; AN., angular; AR., articular; S., surangular." -Thomson, 1916

Turtle Skull

"Skull of turtle. "S.O., supra-occipital; PAR., parietal; FR., frontal; P.F., pre-frontal; PO.F., post-frontal;…

"Pectoral girdle of a Chelonian. G., Glenoid cavity; SC., scapula; P.C., procoracoid fused to the scapula; C., coracoid; E.C., epicoracoid cartilage; L., ligament." -Thomson, 1916

Turtle Pectoral Girdle

"Pectoral girdle of a Chelonian. G., Glenoid cavity; SC., scapula; P.C., procoracoid fused to the scapula;…

"Heart and associated vessels of tortoise. r.a., Right auricle; superior venae cavae (s.v.c.) and inferior vena cava (i.v.c.) enter it. r.v., Right half of ventricle; pulmonary arteries (p.a.) and left aortic arch (l.ao.) leave it; coel., coeliac; d.ao., dorsal aorta. l.a., Left auricle; p.v., pulmonary veins enter it. l.v., Left half of ventricle; right aortic arch (r.ao.), giving off carotids (c.) and subclavians (s.cl.)." -Thomson, 1916

Tortoise Heart

"Heart and associated vessels of tortoise. r.a., Right auricle; superior venae cavae (s.v.c.) and inferior…

"Snake's head. dv., Poison fangs; b., sheath of fang; l., tongue; rl., muscles of tongue." -Thomson, 1916

Snake Head

"Snake's head. dv., Poison fangs; b., sheath of fang; l., tongue; rl., muscles of tongue." -Thomson,…

"Vertical section through backbone and ribs of Chelonian (I.) and Mammal (II.). N.SP., neural spine; N.SC., neural scute; T., tubercle of rib; C.SC., costal scute over rib (R.); CA., capitulum of rib; T.P., transverse process; CE., centrum; NA., cavity of neural canal. In the Chelonian the tubercle abuts against the flattened neural spine, and the capitulum against the transverse process. In the Mammal, the tubercle articulates with the transverse process and the capitulum with the centrum." -Thomson, 1916

Mammal and Chelonian Backbones

"Vertical section through backbone and ribs of Chelonian (I.) and Mammal (II.). N.SP., neural spine;…

"Diagrammatic section of young bird. n., Spinal cord; v., vertebra; r., rib; L., liver; G., gut; som. (dotted), somatic layer of mesoblast; spl. (dotted), splanchnic layer of mesoblast; ao., aorta; R., reproductive organ; K., kidney." -Thomson, 1916

Bird Section

"Diagrammatic section of young bird. n., Spinal cord; v., vertebra; r., rib; L., liver; G., gut; som.…

"A falcon. mn., Mandible; C., cere; N., nostril; E.C., ear covert; th.W., thumb wing; C., wing coverts; D., dorsal coverts; S., secondaries; P., primaries; R., rectrices; A., ankle; Mt., tarso-metatarsus; I., first toe." -Thomson, 1916

Falcon

"A falcon. mn., Mandible; C., cere; N., nostril; E.C., ear covert; th.W., thumb wing; C., wing coverts;…

"Young bearded griffin (Gypaetus barbatus). Showing the feather-tracts or pterylae, for instance those on the breast (PT.). E., ear; P., web or propatagium; TH., thumb; PR., bases of primary feathers; S., bases of secondary feathers; B.S., bare streak without pterylae; CL., cloaca; R., bases of rectrices or tail feathers." -Thomson, 1916

Lammergeier

"Young bearded griffin (Gypaetus barbatus). Showing the feather-tracts or pterylae, for instance those…

"A., Filoplume. B., very young feather within its sheath (sh.); c., the core of dermis; b., the barbs. C., the same, external view." -Thomson, 1916

Feathers

"A., Filoplume. B., very young feather within its sheath (sh.); c., the core of dermis; b., the barbs.…

"Types of feathers. D., Down. 2, Developing feather in sheath (sh.). 3, Covert of heron showing aftershaft (A.S.). 4, Secondary feather of pigeon--C., calamus; A.S., aftershaft; R., rachis; V., vane. 5, Portion of quill showing inferior umbilicus (I.u.), superior umbilicus (S.u.), pith (P.); F., filoplume." -Thomson, 1916

Feather Types

"Types of feathers. D., Down. 2, Developing feather in sheath (sh.). 3, Covert of heron showing aftershaft…

"Parts of a feather. I., Four barbs (B.) bearing anterior barbules (A.BB.) and posterior barbules (P.BB.); II., six barbs (B.) in section, showing interlocking of barbules; III., anterior barbule with barbicels (H.)." -Thomson, 1916

Feather Parts

"Parts of a feather. I., Four barbs (B.) bearing anterior barbules (A.BB.) and posterior barbules (P.BB.);…

"Wing of dove. h., Humerus; s.f., secondary feathers; r., radius; u., ulna; c., carpals; mc., carpo-metacarpus; p.f., primary feathers." -Thomson, 1916

Dove Wing

"Wing of dove. h., Humerus; s.f., secondary feathers; r., radius; u., ulna; c., carpals; mc., carpo-metacarpus;…

"Brain of pigeon (I. dorsal, II. ventral, III. lateral aspects). OLF.L., Olfactory lobes; C.H., cerebral hemispheres; PB., pineal body; OL., optic lobes; CB., cerebellum; FL., flocculus or lateral extension of cerebellum; M.O., medulla oblongata; PIT., pituitary body at end of infundibulum (INF.); O.N., optic nerves crossing in the chiasma." -Thomson, 1916

Pigeon Brain

"Brain of pigeon (I. dorsal, II. ventral, III. lateral aspects). OLF.L., Olfactory lobes; C.H., cerebral…

"Female urogenital organs of pigeon. K., Kidney with three lobes; u., ureter; cl., cloaca; ov., ovary; od., oviduct; f.t., funnel at end of oviduct; r.r.od., rudimentary right oviduct." -Thomson, 1916

Female Pigeon Urogenital Organs

"Female urogenital organs of pigeon. K., Kidney with three lobes; u., ureter; cl., cloaca; ov., ovary;…

"Male urogenital organs of pigeon. T., testes; V., base of inferior vena cava; S.R., suprarenal bodies; K., kidneys with three lobes (1, 2, 3); u., ureter; v.d., vas deferens; vs., seminal vesicle; cl., cloaca." -Thomson, 1916

Male Pigeon Urogenital Organs

"Male urogenital organs of pigeon. T., testes; V., base of inferior vena cava; S.R., suprarenal bodies;…

"Diagram of foetal membranes. E., Embryo; H., gut lined by hypoblast, dotted-- the dark is mesoblast; UV., umbilical vesicle or yolk-sac; AC., amniotic cavity; am., amnion proper; sz., subzonal membrane; ALC., allantoic cavity; al., allantois; zp., may be here taken to represent the early epiblastic trophoblast. The figure does not show that the amnion folds consist of both epiblast and mesoblast." -Thomson, 1916

Mammal Fetus

"Diagram of foetal membranes. E., Embryo; H., gut lined by hypoblast, dotted-- the dark is mesoblast;…

"Side view of sheep's skull. PMX., Premaxilla; MX., maxilla; NA., nasal; J., Jugal; L., lachrymal; FR., frontal; PA., parietal; SQ., squamosal; CO., condyle; PP., paroccipital process." -Thomson, 1916

Sheep Skull

"Side view of sheep's skull. PMX., Premaxilla; MX., maxilla; NA., nasal; J., Jugal; L., lachrymal; FR.,…

"Stomach of sheep. a, OEsophagus; c, rumen or paunch; d, reticulum or honeycomb-bag; e, psalterium or many-plies; f, abomasum or reed; b, beginning of duodenum." -Thomson, 1916

Sheep Stomach

"Stomach of sheep. a, OEsophagus; c, rumen or paunch; d, reticulum or honeycomb-bag; e, psalterium or…

"Side view of horse's skull. P., Parietal; FR., frontal; NA., nasal; PMX., premaxilla; MX., maxilla; J., jugal; L., lachrymal; SQ., squamosal; PP., paroccipital process; CO., condyle CA., canine." -Thomson, 1916

Horse Skull

"Side view of horse's skull. P., Parietal; FR., frontal; NA., nasal; PMX., premaxilla; MX., maxilla;…

"Diagram showing the principal parts of the cell as it appeaers when killed and stained. The protoplasm shows more of a meshwork (cy), the spaces representing the alveoli. f, formed substance in alveoli." -Galloway, 1915

Cell Parts

"Diagram showing the principal parts of the cell as it appeaers when killed and stained. The protoplasm…

"Diagram illustrating gills or branchiae. b.c., cavity in which the body fluids circulate; br., branchial filaments which are merely much thinned out-pocketings of the body wall (w); ex, the external medium–water–in which the oxygen is dissolved." -Galloway, 1915

Gills or Branchiae

"Diagram illustrating gills or branchiae. b.c., cavity in which the body fluids circulate; br., branchial…

"Diagrams showing some of the stages in the increasing complexity of the simple eye in Invertebrates. A, simple pigment spot in epithelium having nerve-endings associated with pigment cells (as in some medusae); B, pigment cells in a pit-like depression (as in Patella); C, with pin-hole opening and vitreous humor in cavity (as in Trochus); D, completely closed pit, with lens and cornea (as in Triton and many other Mollusks); E, pigment area elevated instead of depressed, lens of thickened cuticula (as in the Medusa, Lizzia); F, retinal cells more highly magnified. ep., epidermis; f, nerve fibre; l, lens; op, optic nerve; p, pigment cells; r, retina; v.h., vitreous humor." -Galloway, 1915

Invertebrate Simple Eye

"Diagrams showing some of the stages in the increasing complexity of the simple eye in Invertebrates.…

"Diagram of Medusa, illustrating radial symmetry. A, viewed from the oral end of the principal axis; B, a section along the principal axis and through one of the subordinate axes aa1; o, ab. o, the oral and aboral poles of the principal axis; a, a1, and b, b1, the similar poles of the two chief subordinate axes." -Galloway, 1915

Medusa

"Diagram of Medusa, illustrating radial symmetry. A, viewed from the oral end of the principal axis;…

"A, Vorticella, a stalked ciliate Infusorian; I, contracted; 2, extended. f, food "vacuoles"; g, gullet; m, contractile fibre (muscular); n, nucleus; o, mouth, surrounded by ciliated disc; p.v., pulsating vacuole; s, stalk. B, a colonial type similar to Vorticella." -Galloway, 1915

Vorticella

"A, Vorticella, a stalked ciliate Infusorian; I, contracted; 2, extended. f, food "vacuoles"; g, gullet;…

"Diagrams to illustrate the development of one of the simpler types of sponge: I, the egg; 2, section of 16- to 32-celled stage; 3, section of later stage, a ciliated larva (blastula); 4, gastrula; 5, section through older larva which has become attached by the end containing the blastopore. New openings break through by the coalescence and perforation of the ectoderm and entoderm, and and a form results... a, archenteron; bl., blastopore; ec., ectoderm; en., entoderm; mes., mesenchyma; s, segmentation cavity." -Galloway, 1915

Simple Sponge Development

"Diagrams to illustrate the development of one of the simpler types of sponge: I, the egg; 2, section…

Diagram showing the Ascon type of sponge. ec., ectoderm; r.c., radiating canals; i.p., internal pores; mes., mesenchyma, e.p., external pores.

Ascon Sponge

Diagram showing the Ascon type of sponge. ec., ectoderm; r.c., radiating canals; i.p., internal pores;…

Diagram showing the Sycon type of sponge. ec., ectoderm; r.c., radiating canals; i.p., internal pores; mes., mesenchyma, e.p., external pores; en1, entoderm; en2, flagellate entoderm; f.c., flagellate chambers.

Sycon Sponge

Diagram showing the Sycon type of sponge. ec., ectoderm; r.c., radiating canals; i.p., internal pores;…

"A, Longitudinal section through the body of Hydra (diagrammatic). B, small portion of the wall more highly magnified. b, bud; ect., ectoderm; ent., entoderm; f, foot; fl., flagellum; g.v., gastro-vascular cavity; m., mouth; mes., mesenchyma (non-cellular); m.f., muscular processes of the ectodermal cells; n, nettling cells; n', same, exploded; nu., nucleus; t, tentacle; v, vacuole." -Galloway, 1915

Hydra

"A, Longitudinal section through the body of Hydra (diagrammatic). B, small portion of the wall more…

"Helix. B, the relation of the animal to the shell when extended...a, apex of shell; an., anus; e, eyestalk; f, foot; l, lip of shell; m, edge of mantle, which secretes the shell; r.a., respiratory aperture; t, tentacles." -Galloway, 1915

Helix Snail

"Helix. B, the relation of the animal to the shell when extended...a, apex of shell; an., anus; e, eyestalk;…

"Diagram showing the heart and general course of the circulation in the lamellibranchs. Only a short section is shown. a, auricle (right), with slit to ventricle; b, the body (region of spaces, lacunae, capillaries; v, the ventricle from which arteries pass forward and their capillaries; m, the mantle and capillaries; v, ventricle from which arteries pass forward and backward; v.c., "vena cava," in which the blood collects on returning from the tissues of the body." -Galloway, 1915

Bivalve Circulation

"Diagram showing the heart and general course of the circulation in the lamellibranchs. Only a short…

"The Devil-fish (Octopus). A, at rest; B, swimming. a, arms, with suckers on the inner aspect; e, eye; s, siphon or funnel." -Galloway, 1915

Octopus

"The Devil-fish (Octopus). A, at rest; B, swimming. a, arms, with suckers on the inner aspect; e, eye;…

"The Paper Nautilus (Argonauta argo). e, eye; m, mouth; f, siphon; sh, shell; t, tentacles." -Galloway, 1915

Paper Nautilus

"The Paper Nautilus (Argonauta argo). e, eye; m, mouth; f, siphon; sh, shell; t, tentacles." -Galloway,…

"Diagram of the anatomy of Amphioxus, drawn as a semi-transparent object. a, anus; a.p., atrial pore; c.f., caudal fin; cir., cirri, on the edge of the vestibule leading to the mouth; d.f., dorsal fin; r, fin rays; g, gill or branchial structures consisting of alternate slits, through which the water passes, and supporting pates, in the walls of which are the blood vessels; in., intestine, from which as a diverticulum springs l., the liver; m, the mouth surrounded by a ringed velum; my., myotomes or muscle segments; n.c., notochord; o., ovaries; s.c., spinal cord; v.f., ventral fin." -Galloway, 1915

Lancelet

"Diagram of the anatomy of Amphioxus, drawn as a semi-transparent object. a, anus; a.p., atrial pore;…

"Diagrams of the structure of the heart in the lower Vertebrates. A, primitive condition; B, the position of the parts in the fishes. a, artery; au., auricle; c, conus arteriosus with valves; s.v., sinus venosus; v, valves; ve., vein; vent., ventricle. The dorsal portion of the heart is toward the bottom of the figure." -Galloway, 1915

Vertebrate Heart

"Diagrams of the structure of the heart in the lower Vertebrates. A, primitive condition; B, the position…

"Diagram of the heart, the branchial arches, and the principal veins in the Teleosts. Ventral view. The heart is represented without the sigmoid flexure; that is, with the auricle posterior. a, aorta; au., auricle; br.a., branchial arches of the aorta (1-4, numbering from the front); c, carotid; c.v., cardinal veins (right and left); d.a., dorsal arteries; j, jugular veins; d.c., ductus Cuvieri; s.v., sinus venosus; v, ventricle. Only four arterial arches are shown." -Galloway, 1915

Teleost Heart

"Diagram of the heart, the branchial arches, and the principal veins in the Teleosts. Ventral view.…

"Diagram of heart and branchial arches in Ceratodus (one of the Dipnoi). a.b., air bladder (lung); p.a., pulmonary artery; p.c., post caval vein (right); p.v., pulmonary vein...a, aorta; au., auricle; c, carotid; c.v., cardinal veins (right and left); d.a., dorsal arteries; j, jugular veins; d.c., ductus Cuvieri; s.v., sinus venosus; v, ventricle." -Galloway, 1915

Queensland Lungfish Heart

"Diagram of heart and branchial arches in Ceratodus (one of the Dipnoi). a.b., air bladder (lung); p.a.,…

"Diagram of the heart and branchial arches in Protopterus (one of the Dipno). pre.c., precaval vein, made up of right and left jugulairs, subclavians, etc.; post.c., postcaval, made up the cardinals, right and left...a, aorta; au., auricle; c, carotid; c.v., cardinal veins (right and left); d.a., dorsal arteries; j, jugular veins; d.c., ductus Cuvieri; s.v., sinus venosus; v, ventricle." -Galloway, 1915

African Lungfish Heart

"Diagram of the heart and branchial arches in Protopterus (one of the Dipno). pre.c., precaval vein,…

"Diagram of the heart and branchial arches in the Frog. c.g., carotid gland; l., lungs; l.a., left auricle; r.a., right auricle...a, aorta; au., auricle; c, carotid; c.v., cardinal veins (right and left); d.a., dorsal arteries; j, jugular veins; d.c., ductus Cuvieri; s.v., sinus venosus; v, ventricle." -Galloway, 1915

Frog Heart

"Diagram of the heart and branchial arches in the Frog. c.g., carotid gland; l., lungs; l.a., left auricle;…

"Diagram of the heart and branchial arches in a Reptile...a, aorta; au., auricle; c, carotid; c.v., cardinal veins (right and left); d.a., dorsal arteries; j, jugular veins; d.c., ductus Cuvieri; s.v., sinus venosus; v, ventricle." -Galloway, 1915

Reptile Heart

"Diagram of the heart and branchial arches in a Reptile...a, aorta; au., auricle; c, carotid; c.v.,…

"Diagram of the heart and the branchial arches in Mammals. A dotted outline of the arches of the Fish is drawn for ready comparison. The auricles are represented in a posterior position...a, aorta; au., auricle; c, carotid; d.a., dorsal arteries; j, jugular veins; s.v., sinus venosus; v, ventricle." -Galloway, 1915

Mammal Heart

"Diagram of the heart and the branchial arches in Mammals. A dotted outline of the arches of the Fish…

"Diagram of head and brain of human foetus six weeks old (heavy boundaries). The dotted line indicates the outline of the brain of a foetus three months old. Note thee great growth of the hemisphere (h). cer, cerebellum; med, medulla oblongata; mes, mesencephalon; p, pituitary body; pr, prosencephalon; s.c., spinal cord; th, thalamencephalon; 1, olfactory nerve; 2, optic nerve." -Galloway, 1915

Human Fetus

"Diagram of head and brain of human foetus six weeks old (heavy boundaries). The dotted line indicates…

"Diagram of a cross-section of the spinal cord through the roots of spinal nerves. c, central canal; d.f., dorsal fissure; d.r., dorsal root of spinal nerve arising from the dorsal horn of the gray matter (g); gn., ganglion on the dorsal root; n, spinal nerve; v.f., ventral fissure; v.r., ventral root of the spinal nerve, arising from the ventral horn of the gray matter; w., white matter." -Galloway, 1915

Spinal Cord

"Diagram of a cross-section of the spinal cord through the roots of spinal nerves. c, central canal;…

"Diagram of a longitudinal section through the embryo of a fowl, showing formation of amnion and allantois and the relation of these membranes to the embryo. am1, inner or true amnion; am2, outer or false amnion; am.c., amniotic cavity; al., allantois; c.c., central canal of the spinal cord; co., coelom; g, gut; ys., yolk sac." -Galloway, 1915

Fowl Embryo

"Diagram of a longitudinal section through the embryo of a fowl, showing formation of amnion and allantois…

"The outline of the brain of an orang outang. Front portion F to O, cerebrum; C, cerebellum; M, medulla and spinal cord; F, the frontal lobe; P, the parietal lobe; O, the occipital lobe; T, the temporal lobe; R, the fissure of Rolando; S, the fissure of Silvius." -Galloway, 1915

Orangoutang Brain

"The outline of the brain of an orang outang. Front portion F to O, cerebrum; C, cerebellum; M, medulla…

The bayberry or Myrica cerifera is small tree native to North America and used in candlemaking and for medicinal purposes.

Bayberry

The bayberry or Myrica cerifera is small tree native to North America and used in candlemaking and for…

The common boneset or Eupatorium perfoliatum was used for medicinal purposes.

Common Boneset

The common boneset or Eupatorium perfoliatum was used for medicinal purposes.

The bloodroot or Sanguinaria canadensis is a flowering plant with medicinal uses.

Bloodroot

The bloodroot or Sanguinaria canadensis is a flowering plant with medicinal uses.

The blue flag or Iris versicolor is an iris with medicinal uses.

Blue Flag

The blue flag or Iris versicolor is an iris with medicinal uses.

The yellow lady's slipper or Cypripedium parviflorum is an orchid used for medicinal purposes.

Yellow Lady's Slipper

The yellow lady's slipper or Cypripedium parviflorum is an orchid used for medicinal purposes.

The spotted wintergreen or Chimaphila maculata is a perennial herb used for medicinal purposes.

Spotted Wintergreen

The spotted wintergreen or Chimaphila maculata is a perennial herb used for medicinal purposes.

The snakehead or Chelone glabra is an herbaceous plant used for medicinal purposes.

Snakehead

The snakehead or Chelone glabra is an herbaceous plant used for medicinal purposes.

The dog's bane or Apocynum androsemifolium is a flowering plant used for medicinal purposes.

Dog's Bane

The dog's bane or Apocynum androsemifolium is a flowering plant used for medicinal purposes.

The Indian Tobacco or Lobelia inflata is an herbaceous plant used for medicinal purposes.

Indian Tobacco

The Indian Tobacco or Lobelia inflata is an herbaceous plant used for medicinal purposes.

The butterfly weed or Asclepias tuberosa is a milkweed plant used for medicinal purposes.

Butterfly Weed

The butterfly weed or Asclepias tuberosa is a milkweed plant used for medicinal purposes.

The carnation pink or Dianthus caryophyllus.

Carnation Pink

The carnation pink or Dianthus caryophyllus.

The Chinese lily.

Chinese Lily

The Chinese lily.

The sexual system of a plant, here having one carpel and one stamen, Monandria.

Linnaeus' Monandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having one carpel and one stamen, Monandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having two stamens, Diandria.

Linnaeus' Diandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having two stamens, Diandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having three stamens, Triandria.

Linnaeus' Triandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having three stamens, Triandria.