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Ceratozamia mexicana has a thick, short trunk covered with the remains of fallen leaf stalks. The leaves are a rich, dark green

Ceratozamia Mexicana

Ceratozamia mexicana has a thick, short trunk covered with the remains of fallen leaf stalks. The leaves…

Chrysanthemum lacustre is a short-rayed form. It is branched at the top and has three flower heads.

Chrysanthemum Lacustre

Chrysanthemum lacustre is a short-rayed form. It is branched at the top and has three flower heads.

Illustrated is a new type of chrysanthemum with a short stem. It is popular with commercial growers.

New Type of Chrysanthemum

Illustrated is a new type of chrysanthemum with a short stem. It is popular with commercial growers.

The raceme of lily-of-the-valley is short and radical.

Lily-of-the-Valley Raceme

The raceme of lily-of-the-valley is short and radical.

The common names of crataegus are hawthorn and crategus. The thorns pictured are modified branches. Some of the short branches bear leaves.

Thorns of Crataegus

The common names of crataegus are hawthorn and crategus. The thorns pictured are modified branches.…

Illustrated is a short cutting of ripened wood.

Short Cutting

Illustrated is a short cutting of ripened wood.

Cypripedium californicum plants are either slender or stout. The flowers are small with six to twelve open at the same time.

Cypripedium Californicum

Cypripedium californicum plants are either slender or stout. The flowers are small with six to twelve…

The common name of eleusine coracana is African millet. It grows two to four feet tall. It has a stout habit and short, broad, large spikes.

Eleusine Coracana

The common name of eleusine coracana is African millet. It grows two to four feet tall. It has a stout…

Cypress spurge is the common name of euphorbia cyparissias. It has many short, plume like branches. It is native to Europe. It is naturalized and a weed in the United States.

Cypress Spurge

Cypress spurge is the common name of euphorbia cyparissias. It has many short, plume like branches.…

Lantana camara is a small shrub that grows from one to four feet tall. It is hairy, sometimes with short hooked prickles. The flowers grow in a dense, nearly flat topped head. The flowers usually bloom yellow or pink but shift into deep orange and scarlet coloration.

Lantana Camara

Lantana camara is a small shrub that grows from one to four feet tall. It is hairy, sometimes with short…

Illustrated is a greenhouse constructed for obtaining the maximum amount of light in short winter days. The dotted lines indicate the position of the sun at different periods of the day and year. The greenhouse is 34 x 20 feet.

Greenhouse for Maximum Light

Illustrated is a greenhouse constructed for obtaining the maximum amount of light in short winter days.…

This type of greenhouse is constructed to obtain the maximum amount of light in short winter days. It could be built wider.

Greenhouse for Winter

This type of greenhouse is constructed to obtain the maximum amount of light in short winter days. It…

Illustrated is a California privet from short cuttings. It is transplanted deep. The tips of the shoots are pinched when they are about three inches long.

California Privet

Illustrated is a California privet from short cuttings. It is transplanted deep. The tips of the shoots…

Illustrated is an old time garden tomato., lycopersicum esculentum. It has been in cultivation for over three hundred years.

Old Time Garden Tomato

Illustrated is an old time garden tomato., lycopersicum esculentum. It has been in cultivation for over…

<i>Narcissus barrii</i> is a hybrid variety of narcissus. It is derived from trumpet and short crowned varieties.

Narcissus Barrii

Narcissus barrii is a hybrid variety of narcissus. It is derived from trumpet and short crowned varieties.

Poet's narcissus and pheasant's eye are the common names of <i>narcissus poeticus</i>. The flowers are fragrant and white. It is recognized by the red margined, short corona.

Poet's Narcissus

Poet's narcissus and pheasant's eye are the common names of narcissus poeticus. The flowers are fragrant…

Pictured are three old time nepenthes, or pitcher plants. From top to bottom: <i>N. phyllamphora, N. khasiana</i>, and <i>N. distillatoria</i>.

Old Time Nepenthes

Pictured are three old time nepenthes, or pitcher plants. From top to bottom: N. phyllamphora, N. khasiana,…

The flowers of <i>nicotiana sylvestris</i> droop in short clusters. The flowers are white and fragrant.

Nicotiana Sylvestris

The flowers of nicotiana sylvestris droop in short clusters. The flowers are white and fragrant.

Image of a Westinghouse circuit breaker. Around the time of the publication of the book (1901), large numbers were in use and gave very good service. a and b are the main contacts. c is the crosspiece that a and b are connected to. The current flows from a to c to b, which trips the coil d and exits out l. m is an auxiliary carbon contact, n is a carbon wiper, and w is an adjustable weight attached to the armature.

Circuit Breaker

Image of a Westinghouse circuit breaker. Around the time of the publication of the book (1901), large…

An air-brake system that was in use in the early twentieth century on trolleys. This model was recommended by the Christensen Company, a popular manufacturing company of the time. The diameter of the brake pistons were 6 inches. A and B are brake levers; C, X, and Y are tension rods that lessen the strain on the brakes.

Lever System

An air-brake system that was in use in the early twentieth century on trolleys. This model was recommended…

An illustration of what it would look like if ball e that is placed in a cup attached to lever o were to be pushed out by using a swinging arm activated by spring d. Spring d is arranged in a manner that when it is drawn back and released, it will strive lever o and ball b at the same time. In the experiment, ball b follows the curved line and ball e is dropped vertically. Both will meet the floor at the same time. This experiment is meant to show how Newton's second law works. The acceleration of a body is parallel and directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass. F = ma

Second Law

An illustration of what it would look like if ball e that is placed in a cup attached to lever o were…

If a lead ball and a piece of paper are placed into a glass tube in which all the air has been exhausted, then when the tube is inverted, both the ball and the piece of paper will fall at exactly the same time.

Falling Bodies

If a lead ball and a piece of paper are placed into a glass tube in which all the air has been exhausted,…

A wedge is a moveable inclined plane that is used to move heavy materials short distances as shown in the image.

Simple Machine

A wedge is a moveable inclined plane that is used to move heavy materials short distances as shown in…

Water that is placed in an apparatus will have equal pressure if the pistons pushing on it push at the same time with the same frequency.

Hydromechanics

Water that is placed in an apparatus will have equal pressure if the pistons pushing on it push at the…

water is issued from a hole in both vessels, one with a thin wall and one with a thick wall, the stream contracts a short distance from the vessel, and then expands again. This contraction is called a contracted vein, which was named by Sir Isaac Newton.

Contracted Vein

water is issued from a hole in both vessels, one with a thin wall and one with a thick wall, the stream…

Diagram of the retina, aka percipient layer of the eye. 1: inner limiting membrane, which is next to the vitreous humor in the eye cavity; 2: a branch of a divided optic nerve; 3: ganglion cell layer; 4: inner nerve-fiber layer; 5: layer of bipolar ("inner granular") cells; 6: outer layer of nerve-cells; 7: layer of visual (outer granular) cells; 8: outer limiting membrane; 9: long and thing rods and short and broad cones; 10: pigment layer; 11: tangential cells; 12: bipolar cells; 13: amacrine cell; 14: centripetal optic nerve fibers; 15: centrifugal optic nerve fibers; 16: Muller's supporting cells. I, II, III: three areas of nerve cells in the retina.

Eye Retina

Diagram of the retina, aka percipient layer of the eye. 1: inner limiting membrane, which is next to…

The King Suction Machine was considered one of the most effective locust extermination machines of its time. It employed a revolving fan to vacuum locusts into a crushing chamber, then ejected their carcasses back down into the soil.

KIng Suction Machine

The King Suction Machine was considered one of the most effective locust extermination machines of its…

Method of drying out a generator by short-circuiting the armature through a water rheostat.

Drying out generator

Method of drying out a generator by short-circuiting the armature through a water rheostat.

A diagram illustrating one type of time-limit relay. Diagrammatic drawing of a time-limit circuit breaker.

Time Limit

A diagram illustrating one type of time-limit relay. Diagrammatic drawing of a time-limit circuit breaker.

The image of a Roman legionnaire. He is equipped with a dense breastplate, a helm, a large round shield, greaves, and a short sword.

Arms and Armor

The image of a Roman legionnaire. He is equipped with a dense breastplate, a helm, a large round shield,…

This illustration shows various types of gladiators, each type with with his specific weapons attributed to him. Gladiators were swordsmen whose profession was to fight for the public amusement. Gladiators are said to have been borrowed by Rome from the Etruscans. They were first exhibited in Rome in 246 BC, primarily at funerals, but afterwards at festivals, particularly those celebrated by the aediles and other magistrates. More than ten thousand were shown at Trajan's triumph over the Dacians. They were either free-born citizens, usually of a low class, who fought for hire, or captives, slaves, or malefactors, and were kept in schools, where they were carefully trained. Chief varieties were Andabatae, who wore helmets with no openings for the eyes, so that their blindfold movements provoked the spectators' mirth; Mirmillones, who used Gallic weapons, sword and shield; Retiarii, who carried a net and a three-pronged lance -- the net to entangle their opponents; and Thraces, who, like the Thracians, used a short sword and a round buckler. When a gladiator was severely wounded and defeated, the people cried out 'Habet' (He has it), and he lowered his arms; then, if the spectators wished his life to be spared, they turned their thumbs down; but it they desired his death, they turned them up. These combats were often attended by great cruelty and callousness on the part of the spectators; sometimes they were fights à outrance, none being spared alive. Discharged gladiators were presented with a rudis, or wooden sword, and hence were called rudiarii. Gladiatorial combats were disliked by the Greeks, and practically never took place in Greek cities.

Gladiators

This illustration shows various types of gladiators, each type with with his specific weapons attributed…

This illustration shows a glove from the time of Napoleon I.

Glove from the Time of Napoleon I

This illustration shows a glove from the time of Napoleon I.

The Great Crested Grebe (Lophæthyia cristata) is a fresh-water, migratory, diving bird of the family Podicipidæ. It has a duck-like body, brownish and white plumage, long neck, short wings, no tail, and large, flattened toes furnished with lobate membranes serving the purpose of webs. Most of its life is spent in fresh water lakes and ponds, but in winter and during migration, it often resorts to the sea. It is an excellent diver. The nest is made of rushes and other aquatic plants and usually floats on the water, being loosely anchored to weeds and grass. It is found in nearly all parts of Europe and Asia.

Great Crested Grebe

The Great Crested Grebe (Lophæthyia cristata) is a fresh-water, migratory, diving bird of the family…

The Greyhound as a show dog is judged as follows: height and weight, ranging from 23 to 27 in. and from 40 to 70 lbs.; skull rather wide between the ears and flat on the top, with powerful, though not clumsy, jaws, and very strong teeth; eyes dark in color, and full of fire; ears rather small, and fine in texture; neck long and powerful (to enable it to reach the hare) yet graceful looking; chest of fair width, and very deep; body rather long, extremely powerful, especially at the loins, and slightly arched -- the back ribs being short, make the body appear tucked up; shoulders sloping; fore legs set in well under the dog, straight and powerful, with round, compact feet, the knuckles of the toes being well developed; hind quarters very powerful, with muscular thighs and well-bent stifles; tail long, and carried low; colors black, red, fawn, brindled, blue, white, either whole-colored or marked.

Greyhound

The Greyhound as a show dog is judged as follows: height and weight, ranging from 23 to 27 in. and from…

The Common Guillemot (<i>Uria troile</i>) is a member of the auk family. It breeds on all rocky coasts of the North Atlantic. The bill is long, straight, and strong, the wings and tail short. In spring, the upper surface of the body is brownish black, the under white, save for the dark throat; in winter, the throat becomes white or mottled. All guillemots lay a single pear-shaped on the ledge of a sea-cliff. They make no nest whatever, and large colonies brood in company.

Common Guillemot

The Common Guillemot (Uria troile) is a member of the auk family. It breeds on all rocky coasts of the…

In the manufacturing of jute, the jute fiber must first be softened. The softening machine consists of many pairs of fluted or corrugated rollers arranged in horizontal succession and driven with a reciprocating motion. The jute as it passes through may receive a sprinkling of oil ad water from automatic apparatus attached to the machine overhead, or it may be arranged in the layers and sprayed with oil after emerging from the softener, a process known as batching. In either case, the material is then allowed to lie a certain time in bulk, to permit of the fiber being thoroughly permeated with the oil.

Softening Process in the Manufacturing of Jute

In the manufacturing of jute, the jute fiber must first be softened. The softening machine consists…

The Great Kangaroo, or 'boomer', or 'old man' (Macropus giganteus), attains a height of about five feet when standing upright. The fore limbs are very short, the hind long, with powerful, elongated feet. The fore limbs bear five digits armed with strong claws; the hind have only four. The head is small, with pointed muzzle and large ears. In accordance with its purely vegetarian habits, canine teeth are absent in the adult. The incisors are powerful, with a cutting edge. The fur is soft and woolly, and lighter in tint below than above. In the female there is a large pouch, in which the young are placed at birth, and become attached by their immature months to the nipples. At this time they are minute -- not more than an inch in length -- and, being to immature to suck, have milk pumped into them by their mother. They remain withing the pouch until able to run by the side of the parent. Not until some eight or nine months after birth are they left to shift entirely for themselves. Only one young one is produced at a birth. As regards internal organs, the stomach is large and complex, and the characteristic marsupial or epipubic bones are present.

Great Kangaroo

The Great Kangaroo, or 'boomer', or 'old man' (Macropus giganteus), attains a height of about five feet…

This illustration shows the head of a kudu. A kudu is a large African antelope related to the eland, but differing in that the horns are absent in the female, while those of the male are curved in a spiral. The tail is short, the neck is maned, and the body is marked by narrow, vertical white stripes. The common kudu (Strepsiceros kudu) occurs in wooded regions from the Cape to the highlands of Abyssinia. The lesser kudu (S. imberbis) is confined to Somaliland and its vicinity. Both are favorites with sportsmen.

Head of Kudu

This illustration shows the head of a kudu. A kudu is a large African antelope related to the eland,…

The land crab is a member of the family 'Gecarcinidae', and is remarkable for the curious modification of the carapace in the region of the gills, which enables it to lead a terrestrial existence. The land crabs occurs in the warmer regions of both hemispheres, but the best known one is the black 'Gecarcinus ruricola' of Jamaica and the West Indian islands generally. It inhabits burrows on the hills a short distance from the coast, wanders about at night or during rains, in search of vegetable food, and makes an annual migration to the shore to spawn, often passing through houses instead of going around them. They are sometimes eaten. Many other crabs are largely terrestrial, as the oriental cocoa-nut crabs; and a species of Ocypoda very troublesom in Ceylon, by burrowing in lawns, garden paths, and the like.

Land Crab

The land crab is a member of the family 'Gecarcinidae', and is remarkable for the curious modification…

Larch, or Larix, is a genus of hardy, deciduous, coniferous trees of very graceful habit. They bear monoecious flowers, the male catkins being small and oval, whilst the female ones are much longer. The leaves are bright green, linear, soft, and usually produced in short bundles on each side of the spray. They appear very early in the spring. The timber, which is very hard and tough, is much used in shipbuilding and for railway sleepers, and in cabinet work is capable of taking a very high polish. The species most commonly planted is 'L. europaea', whcich grows to about 100 ft in height. Other species are 'L. occidentalis', a tall and handsome American tree and 'L. laricina', the tamarack, or hackmatack, of North America. This is a straggling tree, most common in swampy soils, with smaller cones than has the the European species. It reaches a height of 70 ft., and the wood is valuable for the same purposes as that of other larches. (1. Scale of cone with two seeds; 2. anther)

Larch, Cone and Flowers (male and female)

Larch, or Larix, is a genus of hardy, deciduous, coniferous trees of very graceful habit. They bear…

Moloch (or Mo'lech) is the name of an ancient deity which was worshipped by the Ammonites. The Israelites also worshiped this idol for a time. Human sacrifices were the primary offering made to Moloch.

Moloch Being Worshipped

Moloch (or Mo'lech) is the name of an ancient deity which was worshipped by the Ammonites. The Israelites…

Meridians of longitude are the imaginary vertical lines that run around the Earth. These lines divide Earth into time zones, and measure 0-90 east and west.

Meridians of Longitude

Meridians of longitude are the imaginary vertical lines that run around the Earth. These lines divide…

Round clock with numbers showing time 1:43

Clock 1:43

Round clock with numbers showing time 1:43

A lemming is a small, yellowish-brown rodent, closely related to the vole, and belonging to the genus Myodes. The Norwegian lemming (M. lemmus) is about five inches in length, with the tail extremely short. It excavates shallow burrows in the soil of the mountain meadows in which it lives, and in winter tunnels beneath the snow for its food, which is wholly vegetable, consisting of roots, shoots, catkins, moss, and lichens. Special interest attaches to this rodent from the fact that at irregular intervals, varying from five to twenty years, it suddenly appears in vast numbers in Northern Europe; great bodies, said to number millions of individuals, migrate from place to place in search of food, leaving behind them a track of desolation as they eat their way through fields of corn and grass. They show a remarkable persistency both in the act of migration and in the general direction of the movement, and swim without hesitation any bodies of water which may block their path. As, from the contour of the Scandinavian peninsula, they inevitably come eventually to the sea, those which have not perished from overcrowding, from disease, or from the attacks of their enemies, die in attempting to swim across it. The lemming of Northern Europe is known is replaced in North America by the allied M. obensis and the banded lemming (Cuniculus torquatus); the latter is circumpolar, and turns white in winter. Other allies, called lemming-mice, inhabit Northwestern Canada, and have somewhat similar habits, but rarely, if ever, migrate from their habitat.

Lemming

A lemming is a small, yellowish-brown rodent, closely related to the vole, and belonging to the genus…

"A highly perfumed ointment prepared from a plant in india growing in short spikes." Pictured is the Nardostachys Jatamansi, or Spikenard plant, used in making a highly perfumed and sometimes medicinally used oil.

Spike'nard

"A highly perfumed ointment prepared from a plant in india growing in short spikes." Pictured is the…

A medal of Aradus depicting a fly on one side, which appears to commemorate Jupiter. The other side depicts the stag with a palm tree, which was iconic of material possessions at the time.

Medal of Aradus

A medal of Aradus depicting a fly on one side, which appears to commemorate Jupiter. The other side…

A medal that appears to have been made at the time when Claudius Optatus was Duumvir.

Medal

A medal that appears to have been made at the time when Claudius Optatus was Duumvir.

A representation of Victory, inscribing on a shield the triumph of the Romans; at the same time, she tramples a battered helmet. The second medal represents a warrior holding a blunt spear, a sheathed sword, and trampling on a helmet. This denotes peace procured at the expense of the vanquished, represented by the woman weeping under a tree.

Victory

A representation of Victory, inscribing on a shield the triumph of the Romans; at the same time, she…

Cut from an ancient stone, the ram and goat with one horn are symbols for Persia and Macedonia, respectively. This engraving may have been done during the time of Alexander the Great.

Persia and Macedonia

Cut from an ancient stone, the ram and goat with one horn are symbols for Persia and Macedonia, respectively.…

An old wooden bridge over a river. The surroundings are set for night time.

Old Bridge

An old wooden bridge over a river. The surroundings are set for night time.

Young and old sitting in a circle listening to stories. A younger woman holds a distaff. there is a spinning wheel in the foreground.

Story Time

Young and old sitting in a circle listening to stories. A younger woman holds a distaff. there is a…

A young boy wearing a short tunic and holding a small harp is overarched by two angels.

Young Boy with Harp

A young boy wearing a short tunic and holding a small harp is overarched by two angels.

A winged child holds an hourglass over a pair of birds. The hourglass usually represents the passing of time or mortality. The hourglass is has two snakes entwined around it. Sometimes snakes are used symbolically to represent eternity (since they can make a loop) or the cheating of death (it was commonly believed that snakes revitalized themselves by shedding their skin).

Cherub with Hourglass

A winged child holds an hourglass over a pair of birds. The hourglass usually represents the passing…

Embryo sac of corn at time of fertilization.

Corn

Embryo sac of corn at time of fertilization.

Devices used to set sweet potato slips and vine cuttings. In setting out potatoes, the farmer uses either a garden dibble or small trowel, or a short sharpened stick; on soft soil the slip is pressed into place by the use of special devices, about as long as a walking-stick, which usually consists of either (1) a single lath, having a base hollowed out and covered with leather, or (2) wooden tongs made of two laths.

Planting Dibbles

Devices used to set sweet potato slips and vine cuttings. In setting out potatoes, the farmer uses either…

"Now after a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and maketh a reckoning with them." Matthew 25:19 ASV <p>The master having returned is seated at a table and his servants return his money. The servant in the foreground spills out a bag of coins on the floor. Others await their turn.

Parable of the Talents, Settling Accounts

"Now after a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and maketh a reckoning with them." Matthew…

Illustration of an angel sitting on a rock and reading a book to five children.

Angel Reading to Children

Illustration of an angel sitting on a rock and reading a book to five children.

View of the Piazza del Popolo looking west from the Pincian Hill. On the left are the twin churches of Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto. In the center of the plaza is an Egyptian obelisk of Sety I from Heliopolis. The twin churches were completed in 1681 and the engraving was published in 1872 and so must represent a time between those two dates.

The Piazza del Popolo in Rome

View of the Piazza del Popolo looking west from the Pincian Hill. On the left are the twin churches…

"And the angel said to them: Peace be to you, fear not. For when I was with you, I was there by the will of God: bless ye him, and sing praises to him. I seemed indeed to eat and to drink with you: but I use an invisible meat and drink, which cannot be seen by men. It is time therefore that I return to him that sent me: but bless ye God, and publish all his wonderful works. And when he had said these things, he was taken from their sight, and they could see him no more." Tobit 12:17-21 DRA <p>After Raphael reveals himself as an angel, he departs back into heaven, leaving Tobit, Tobias, Anna, and Sarah.

Raphael Departs from Tobit and His Family

"And the angel said to them: Peace be to you, fear not. For when I was with you, I was there by the…

"Now as he left off speaking these words, there came a certain Jew in the sight of all to sacrifice to the idols upon the altar in the city of Modin, according to the king's commandment. And Mathathias saw and was grieved, and his reins trembled, and his wrath was kindled according to the judgment of the law, and running upon him he slew him upon the altar: Moreover the man whom king Antiochus had sent, who compelled them to sacrifice, he slew at the same time, and pulled down the altar." 1 Maccabees 2:23-25 DRA <p>Mathathias holds sword after slaying the Jew who had sacrificed to the idols in the city of Modin.

Mathathias Slays the Man Who Sacrificed to Idols

"Now as he left off speaking these words, there came a certain Jew in the sight of all to sacrifice…