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A side view of a frog's internal structure.

Frog

A side view of a frog's internal structure.

A ventral view of a frog's internal structure.

Frog

A ventral view of a frog's internal structure.

Sea-stars are Echinoderms. The order Ophiuroides is closely related to starfishes. The arms of sea stars however, differ from those of starfishes in not containing any prolongations from the stomach.

Sea-star

Sea-stars are Echinoderms. The order Ophiuroides is closely related to starfishes. The arms of sea stars…

Digestive system of a mammal. (g) gullet; (s) stomach; (sm) small intestine; (lm) large intestine; (r) termination of the large intestine.

Digestive system

Digestive system of a mammal. (g) gullet; (s) stomach; (sm) small intestine; (lm) large intestine; (r)…

Castor oil is made from the seeds of this plant. This oil is used in medicine for a purgative and is a remedy for dysentery and irritation of the stomach.

Castor Oil Plant

Castor oil is made from the seeds of this plant. This oil is used in medicine for a purgative and is…

Prior Vincent with hands crossed over his stomach.

Sir Richard O' the Lea

Prior Vincent with hands crossed over his stomach.

The stomach and mouth of a Sea Anemone. c - tentacles; d - mouth; e - stomach; g,g' - openings in the partitions; k - chambers

Sea Anemone

The stomach and mouth of a Sea Anemone. c - tentacles; d - mouth; e - stomach; g,g' - openings in the…

Diagram of a sheep's stomach, showing the different compartments.

Sheep Stomach

Diagram of a sheep's stomach, showing the different compartments.

An imbricated turtle, flipped onto its back, revealing its underbelly.

Imbricated turtle, overturned

An imbricated turtle, flipped onto its back, revealing its underbelly.

"Is found in Europe; it occasionally happens that this, as well as other species, when they have puffed themselves up, lose their balance in the water, and float about, belly upwards, in a most helpless condition. The sharp spines on their stomach, however, protect them from their enemies" — Goodrich, 1859

Pennat's Globefish

"Is found in Europe; it occasionally happens that this, as well as other species, when they have puffed…

"A roving fish; found on all the European coasts, and on the northern shore of the Mediterranean; it is exceedingly voracious, and fourteen pilchards have been found in the stomach of one of ordinary size." — Goodrich, 1859

Hake

"A roving fish; found on all the European coasts, and on the northern shore of the Mediterranean; it…

"It varies in length from three to ten feet, and in weight from five to one hundred and thirty pounds. It is a most voracious fish, feeding often on the young of its own species; from the stomach of one that weighed twenty-five pounds, Mr. Yarrell took three dabs and a young conger three feet long." — Goodrich, 1859

Conger Eel

"It varies in length from three to ten feet, and in weight from five to one hundred and thirty pounds.…

"The belly; that part of the body of a mammal which lies between the thorax and the pelvis; In <em>entomology</em>, the hind body, the posterior one of the three parts of a perfect insect, united with the thorax by a slender connecting portion, and containing the greater part of the digesting apparatus."-Wright, 1902

Abdomen

"The belly; that part of the body of a mammal which lies between the thorax and the pelvis; In entomology,…

"The digestive sac, tract, or tube of any animal; the visceral or intestinal cavity."-Whitney, 1902

Alimentary Canal

"The digestive sac, tract, or tube of any animal; the visceral or intestinal cavity."-Whitney, 1902

"a, head, antennae, &c; b, pharynx; c, crop; d, gizzard; e, chyle-forming stomach; f, biliary vessels; g, small intestine; h, secreting organs" &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Digestive Apparatus of an Insect

"a, head, antennae, &c; b, pharynx; c, crop; d, gizzard; e, chyle-forming stomach; f, biliary vessels;…

"Trichina Spiralis is the name given to a peculiar nematoid worm which inhabits the muscles, usually of the pig. The viviparous females, originally living in rats, being about eight days after entering the intestines of their second host, a pig, to give birth to the larv&aelig;, which pass into various parts of the body, especially the muscles, where they coil up in a sack, or cyst, which eventually becomes calcareous and whitish. When pork thus infected is eaten the worms are set free in the stomach of their third host (man), and in three or four days there become sexually mature, each female being capable of producing 1,000 young."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Trichina Spiralis

"Trichina Spiralis is the name given to a peculiar nematoid worm which inhabits the muscles, usually…

"Trichina Spiralis is the name given to a peculiar nematoid worm which inhabits the muscles, usually of the pig. The viviparous females, originally living in rats, being about eight days after entering the intestines of their second host, a pig, to give birth to the larv&aelig;, which pass into various parts of the body, especially the muscles, where they coil up in a sack, or cyst, which eventually becomes calcareous and whitish. When pork thus infected is eaten the worms are set free in the stomach of their third host (man), and in three or four days there become sexually mature, each female being capable of producing 1,000 young."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Trichina Spiralis

"Trichina Spiralis is the name given to a peculiar nematoid worm which inhabits the muscles, usually…

"<em>A</em>, cardiac end; <em>B</em>, pyloric end." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Stomach

"A, cardiac end; B, pyloric end." — Blaisedell, 1904

"The inner coat of the stomach has its surface honeycombed with millions of little pits. We have all seen this in tripe. In the floor of each of these tiny pits a number of tubes open. These are the openings of the <em>gastric glands</em>." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Gastric gland

"The inner coat of the stomach has its surface honeycombed with millions of little pits. We have all…

"The Inner Surface of the Stomach, from which the the Epithelium has been removed, showing the Openings of Gastric Glands." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Inner surface of the stomach

"The Inner Surface of the Stomach, from which the the Epithelium has been removed, showing the Openings…

"Showing the Relations of the Stomach, Liver, Intestines, Spleen, and other Organs of the Abdomen. <em>A</em>duodenum</em>; <em>B</em>, upper end of the small intestine; <em>C</em>, lower end of the small intestine; <em>D</em>, caecum; <em>E</em>, bladder. The liver and stomach are drawn up and portions of the lower intesting have been cut away." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Digestive system

"Showing the Relations of the Stomach, Liver, Intestines, Spleen, and other Organs of the Abdomen. Aduodenum;…

"Sage is a plant much used for flavoring meats, etc. It has blue flowers, and has run into many varieties. The Chinese use it as a tonic for debility of the stomach and nerves."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Sage

"Sage is a plant much used for flavoring meats, etc. It has blue flowers, and has run into many varieties.…

Nineteen, twenty, my stomach's empty

Nursery Rhyme

Nineteen, twenty, my stomach's empty

"The force of the thrust is delivered principally with the right arm, the left being used to direct the bayonet. The points at which the attack should be directed are, in order of their importance, stomach, chest, head, neck, and limbs." — Moss, 1914

Bayonet Thrust

"The force of the thrust is delivered principally with the right arm, the left being used to direct…

"A muscle cell from the stomach." &mdash; Ritchie, 1918

Muscle cell

"A muscle cell from the stomach." — Ritchie, 1918

"After attaching themselves to the walls of the stomach, the botfly larva are nourished by the blood and lymph of the host until the following spring, when they pass on through the canal, burrow through the ground, and transform into the adult about two weeks later." &mdash; Davison, 1906

Botfly Larva

"After attaching themselves to the walls of the stomach, the botfly larva are nourished by the blood…

"After attaching themselves to the walls of the stomach, the botfly larva are nourished by the blood and lymph of the host until the following spring, when they pass on through the canal, burrow through the ground, and transform into the adult about two weeks later." &mdash; Davison, 1906

Mature Botfly

"After attaching themselves to the walls of the stomach, the botfly larva are nourished by the blood…

"Diagram to show the working parts of a gland. v and a are blood tubes with thin-walled branches around the parts of the gland c. These take material from the blood and, after changing it, send it to the mouth, stomach, or other places before the duct i." &mdash;Davison, 1910

Gland

"Diagram to show the working parts of a gland. v and a are blood tubes with thin-walled branches around…

"Organs in the body cavity viewed from the front." —Davison, 1910

Organs of the Body Cavity

"Organs in the body cavity viewed from the front." —Davison, 1910

"The stomach is a half-gallon sac, with an outer wall of muscle lined within by mucous membrane, made largely of gastric glands of which there are more than a million. These glands, each consisting of a tube with several branches, give out daily three quarts of gastric juice to dissolve the lean meat and other like foods." &mdash;Davison, 1910

Stomach

"The stomach is a half-gallon sac, with an outer wall of muscle lined within by mucous membrane, made…

"A tiny block out of the stomach wall. a, the mucous membrane; c and d, the muscles; h, gastric glands; m and n, blood tubes to the glands; e, mouths of glands within the stomach." —Davison, 1910

Cross-Section of Stomach Wall

"A tiny block out of the stomach wall. a, the mucous membrane; c and d, the muscles; h, gastric glands;…

Harmless bacteria so numerous in drinking water that a person often takes a half-million into his stomach daily.

Bacteria

Harmless bacteria so numerous in drinking water that a person often takes a half-million into his stomach…

A side view of the two great cavities of the body and their organs. 1: The mouth. 2: The thorax. 3: The abdomen. 4: The brain. 5: The spinal cord. 6: A salivary gland. 7: The aesophagus. 8: The trachea and lungs. 9: The heart. 10: The liver. 11: The stomach. 12: The colon. 13: The small intestine. 14: The lacteals. 15: The thoracic duct. 16: The diaphragm. 17, 18, and 20: The walls of the lower cavity, composed of bones, muscles and skin. 19 and 20: The walls of the upper cavity.

Side View of the Body

A side view of the two great cavities of the body and their organs. 1: The mouth. 2: The thorax. 3:…

The position of the organs of the mouth, thorax, and abdomen. 1, 2, and 3: Salivary glands. 4: The larynx and trachea. 5: The aesophagus. 6: The lungs. 7: The heart. 8: The liver. 9: The stomach. 10: The pancreas. 11: The spleen. 13: The small intestine. 14: The large intestine.

Front View of the Body

The position of the organs of the mouth, thorax, and abdomen. 1, 2, and 3: Salivary glands. 4: The larynx…

The stomach and intestines. 1: Stomach. 2: Duodenum. 3: Small intestine. 4: Termination of the ileum. 5: Coecum. 6: Vermiform appendix. 7: Ascending colon. 8: Transverse colon. 9: Descending colon. 10: Sigmoid flexure of the colon. 11: Rectum. 12: Spleen.

Stomach

The stomach and intestines. 1: Stomach. 2: Duodenum. 3: Small intestine. 4: Termination of the ileum.…

The portal system of veins. a: Portal vein. b: Splenic vein. c: Right gastro-epiploic vein. d: Inferior mesenteric vein. e: Superior mesenteric vein. f: Trunk of the superior mesenteric artery. 1: Liver. 2: Stomach. 3: Spleen. 4: Pancreas. 5: Duodenum. 6: Ascending colon; the transverse colon is removed. 7: Small intestine. 8: Descending colon.

Veins

The portal system of veins. a: Portal vein. b: Splenic vein. c: Right gastro-epiploic vein. d: Inferior…

A diagram of the digestive system.

Digestive System

A diagram of the digestive system.

"In the stomach, intestines and elsewhere the epithelial cell is obling in profile and is called columnar epithelium." &mdash; Richardson, 1906

Columnar Epithelium

"In the stomach, intestines and elsewhere the epithelial cell is obling in profile and is called columnar…

"Anatomy of the Snail: a, the mouth; bb, foot; c, anus; dd, lung; e, stomach, covered above by the salivary glands; ff, intestine; g, liver; h, heart; i, aorta; j, gastric artery; l, hepatic artery; k, artery of the foot; mm, abdominal cavity, supplying the place of a cenous sinus; nn, irregular canal in communication with the abdominal cavaty, and carrying the blood to the lung; oo, vessel carrying the blood from the lung to the heart." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Snail Anatomy

"Anatomy of the Snail: a, the mouth; bb, foot; c, anus; dd, lung; e, stomach, covered above by the salivary…

"Anatomy of an Acephalous Mollusc (Mactra): s, stomach; ii, intestine; ag, anterior ganglions; pg, posterior ganglions; mn, muscles; a, anus; h, heart; l, liver; f, foot; sh, shell; ma, mantle; b, branchiae; t, tentacula; r, oral, or respiratory syphon; t, anal syphon." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Mollusc Anatomy

"Anatomy of an Acephalous Mollusc (Mactra): s, stomach; ii, intestine; ag, anterior ganglions; pg, posterior…

"Carmarina (Geryonia) hastata, one of the Trachomedusae. a, nerve-ring; a', radial nerve; b, tentaculocyst; c, circular canal; e, radiating canal; g'', ovary; h, perenia or cartilaginous process ascending from the cartilaginous margin of the disc centripetally in the outer surface of the jelly-like disc; six of these are perradial, six interradial, coresponding to the twelve solid larval tentacles, resembling those of Cunina; k, dilatation (stomach) of the manubrium; l, jelly of the disc; p, manubrium; t, tentacle (hollow and tertiary, i.e., preceded by six perradial and six interradial solid larval tentacles); u, cartilaginous margin of the disc covered by thread-cells; v, velum." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Carmarina

"Carmarina (Geryonia) hastata, one of the Trachomedusae. a, nerve-ring; a', radial nerve; b, tentaculocyst;…

"Diagram of a vertical section of Carmarina hastata, passing on the right through the whole length of a radiating canal, and on the left through the outspread lobe of an ovary. l, gelatinous substance of the disc and gastric ovaries; k, stomach (dilation of the manubrium); Z, tongue-like process of the gelatinous substance; h, cartilaginous process ascending from the marginal ring at the site of a tentaculocyst; c, circular canal; b, tentaculocyst; v, velum; uk, cartilaginous marginal ring." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Carmarina

"Diagram of a vertical section of Carmarina hastata, passing on the right through the whole length of…

"Cunina rhododactyla, one of the Narcomedusae. c, circular canal; h, "otoporpae" (ear-rivets) or centripetal process of the marginal cartilaginous ring connected with tentaculocyst; k, stomach; l, jelly of the disc; r, radiating calan (puch of stomach); tt, tentacles; iw, tentacle root. The lappets of the margin of the disc, separated by deep notches, above which (nearer the aboral pole) the tentacles project from the disc (not marginal therefore), are characteristic of many Narcomedusae and Trachomedusae. Cartilaginous strands (the mantle rivets or peroniae) connect the tentacle root with the solid marginal ring." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Cunina Rhododactyla

"Cunina rhododactyla, one of the Narcomedusae. c, circular canal; h, "otoporpae" (ear-rivets) or centripetal…

"Diagram of a vertical section through a young Cunina rhododactyla, passing on the right side through a radiating pouch. b, tentaculocyst; c, circular canal; g, ovary; h, marginal cartilage and connecting process springing from a tentaculocyst (otoporpa); k, stomach; t, jelly of the disc; r, radiating canal or pouch; tt, tentacle (solid, cartilaginous); tw, tentacle root; v, velum." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Cunina Rhododactyla

"Diagram of a vertical section through a young Cunina rhododactyla, passing on the right side through…

"Floating colonies of Siphonophora. A, Diphyes campanulata. B, A group of appendages from the stem of the same Diphyes. C, Physophora hydrostatica. D, Seperate nectocalyx of the same. E, Cluster of female sporosacs (aborted medusae) of Agalma sarsii. a, stem or axis of the colony; a', pneumatocyst (air-bladder); m, nectocalyx; c, sub-umbrellar cavity of nectocalyx; v, radiating canals of the umbrella of the nectocalyx; o, orifice formed by the margin of the umbrella; t, hydrophyilia in B, dactylozooids in C; n, stomach; i, tentacles; g, sporosacs." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Siphonophora

"Floating colonies of Siphonophora. A, Diphyes campanulata. B, A group of appendages from the stem of…

"Siphonal stomach and spiral valve of Basking-shark (Selache). a, esophagus; b, cardiac portion of stomach; c, pyloric portion; d, pouch intermediate between stomach and duodenum, with circular valves at both ends; e, duodenum; f, valve of intestine; g, ductus hepaticus; h, spleen." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Shark Stomach

"Siphonal stomach and spiral valve of Basking-shark (Selache). a, esophagus; b, cardiac portion of stomach;…

"Compound stomach of ox. a, esophagus; b, rumen, or paunch; c, reticulum, or second stomach; d, omasum, or third stomach; e, abomasum, or fourth stomach; f, the duodenuin." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Ox Stomach

"Compound stomach of ox. a, esophagus; b, rumen, or paunch; c, reticulum, or second stomach; d, omasum,…

"Tetraodon have a remarkable power of inflating their bodies by filling their stomachs with air, the stomach being extremely dilatable, and assuming a globular form when distended, whence they have received the name Globe Fish, whilst from the spines, which stand out in all directions, like those of a hedgehog when rolled up, as if for defence of the inflated body, some of them have been designated Porcupine Fish." &mdash; Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Globefish

"Tetraodon have a remarkable power of inflating their bodies by filling their stomachs with air, the…

"It consists of a common metallic syringe, A, screwed to a cylindrical valve box, B, which contains two ovoid cavities, in each of which there is a loose, spherical metallic valve. The ends of the cavities are peirced, and the valves fit exactly, either of the orifices. Thus it makes no difference which end of the valve-box is upturned, the valve falling down and closing the orifices in either direction. The flexible india rubber tubes, C D, are attached to the opposite ends of the cavities." &mdash;Comstock, 1850

Stomach Pump

"It consists of a common metallic syringe, A, screwed to a cylindrical valve box, B, which contains…

"Diagrammatic vertical section of the head and proboscis of a mosquito. l, labium bent as when the other parts pierce the skin; p, pumping organ; o, hypopharynx through which is a channel for the exit of the secretion of the poison and salivary glands pn and s; d, exit for poison and saliva; m, maxilla; ma, mandible; la, labrum below which is the channel conducting the food from the inlet at n; st, stomach." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Proboscis

"Diagrammatic vertical section of the head and proboscis of a mosquito. l, labium bent as when the other…

"ailmentary canal of a honey bee. at, honey stomach; s, true stomach; nt, intestine; o, esophagus; sg, salivary glands; k, kidneys." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Ailmentary Canal

"ailmentary canal of a honey bee. at, honey stomach; s, true stomach; nt, intestine; o, esophagus; sg,…

"Sea anemone dissected; c, tentacles; d, mouth; e, stomach; white lines above k, the mesenteries." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Anemone

"Sea anemone dissected; c, tentacles; d, mouth; e, stomach; white lines above k, the mesenteries." —Davison,…

"Dissected fish. a, air bladder; b, urinary bladder; b, urinary bladder; br, brain; c, spinal cord; d and da, dorsal fins; dv, anal fin; e, body of the vertebra; g, gills receiving the blood from the ventral aorta leading out of the heart h; i, intestine; k, kidney; l, liver; m, spines of the vertebra; n, auricle of the heart; ov, ovary; ovd, oviduct; st, stomach; sp, spleen; u, ureter." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Dissected Fish

"Dissected fish. a, air bladder; b, urinary bladder; b, urinary bladder; br, brain; c, spinal cord;…

"Frog with the left side cut away and some of the organs pulled downward. a, aorta leading from the ventricle; b, bladder; c, spinal cord surrounded by the vertebral column of bone; d, small intestine; e, opening of the lungs into the pharynx; h, ventricle of the heart; k, kidney; l, lung; liv, liver; n, brain; ov, ovary; ovd, oviduct; p, pancreas; r, rectum; sp, spleen; st, stomach; t, tongue; si, small intestine; u, left auricle; ur, ureter; v, vena cava; vc, body of vertebra." &mdash;Davison, 1906

Dissected Frog

"Frog with the left side cut away and some of the organs pulled downward. a, aorta leading from the…

The Stomach and Liver. 1: Esophagus; 2: Cardiac entrance; 3: Large end of stomach; 4: Central portion; 5: Small end of stomach; 6: Pylorus; 7: Portion of Pancreas; 8: Duodenum; 9: Gall duct; 10: Hepatic artery; 11: Left lobe of liver; 12: Gall bladder; 13: Right lobe of liver.

Stomach and Liver

The Stomach and Liver. 1: Esophagus; 2: Cardiac entrance; 3: Large end of stomach; 4: Central portion;…

Section of the Stomach. 1: Cardiac orifice; 2: Folds of mucous membrane; 3: Muscular wall; 4: Pylorus; 5: Gall-bladder; 6: Duodenum; 7: Folds of mucous membrane; 8: Entrance of bile and pancreatic juice.

Stomach

Section of the Stomach. 1: Cardiac orifice; 2: Folds of mucous membrane; 3: Muscular wall; 4: Pylorus;…

1. Collar bone 2. Left Lung 3. Breast Bone 4. Right Lung 5. Ribs 6. Right lobe of the liver 7. Left lobe of the liver 8. Cartilage 9. Stomach 10. Spleen 11. Descending colon 12. Transverse colon 13. Ascending colon 14. Omentum 15. Coecum 16. Verniform appendix 17.Mesentery 18. Small intestines 19. Sigmoid Flexure 20. Bladder

Internal Anatomy

1. Collar bone 2. Left Lung 3. Breast Bone 4. Right Lung 5. Ribs 6. Right lobe of the liver 7. Left…

Regions of the abdomen and their contents (edge of costal cartilages in dotted outline). "For convenience of description the abdomen may be artificially divided into nine regions by drawing two circular lines around the body parallel with the cartilages of the ninth ribs, and the highest point of the crests of the ilia; and two vertical lines from the cartilage of the eighth rib on each side to the center of Poupart's ligament. The vicar contained in these different regions are as follows: -- Right Hypochondriac - the right lobe of the liver and gall-bladder, hepatic flexure of the colon, and part of the right kidney. Right Lumbar - ascending colon, part of the right kidney, and some convolutions of the small intestines. Right Inguinal (Iliac) - the caecum, appendix caeci. Epigastric Region - the middle and pyloric end o the stomach, left lobe of the liver, the pancreas, the duodenum, part of the kidneys and the suprarenal capsules. Umbilical Region - the transverse colon, part of the great omentum and mesentery, transverse part of the duodenum, and some convolutions of the jejunum and ileum, and part of both kidneys. Hypogastric Region - convolutions of the small intestines, the bladder in children, and in adults if distended, and the uterus during pregnancy. Left Hypochondriac - the splenic end of the stomach, the spleen and extremity of the pancreas, the splenic flexure of the colon, and part of the left kidney. Left Lumbar - descending color, part of the omentum, part of the left kidney, and some convolutions of the small intestines. Left Inguinal (Iliac) - sigmoid flexure of the colon." &mdash; Kimber, 1907.

Regions of the Abdomen and their Contents

Regions of the abdomen and their contents (edge of costal cartilages in dotted outline). "For convenience…

Vertical and longitudinal section of stomach, gall-bladder, and duodenum. Labels: 1, esophagus; 2, cardiac orifice of stomach; 5, lesser curvature; , greater curvature; 8, rugae in interior of stomach; 9, pyloric orifice; 10, 11, 13, interior of duodenum, showing valvulae conniventes; 12, duct conveying bile, and P, duct conveying pancreatic juice, into the duodenum; 14, gall-bladder; 15, commencement of jejunum.

Vertical and Longitudinal Section of Stomach, Gall-Bladder, and Duodenum

Vertical and longitudinal section of stomach, gall-bladder, and duodenum. Labels: 1, esophagus; 2, cardiac…

Posterior view of pancreas. Labels: 1, pancreas; 2, pancreatic duct; 6, opening of common duct, formed by union of pancreatic and choledochus ducts, into duodenum; A, pyloric end of stomach; B, duodenum; C, part of gall-bladder; D, cystic duct; E, hepatic duct; F, choledochus duct.

Posterior View of Pancreas

Posterior view of pancreas. Labels: 1, pancreas; 2, pancreatic duct; 6, opening of common duct, formed…