A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he gently moves his head forward and back.

Chest Weights

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he gently moves his head forward and back.

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he bends his knee and brings his foot to the buttock, extends it forward again and repeats.

Chest Weights

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he bends his knee and brings his foot to the…

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he extends his right leg backward while leaning forward.

Chest Weights

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he extends his right leg backward while leaning…

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he extends his left leg forward and then bends it back again.

Chest Weights

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he extends his left leg forward and then bends…

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he extends his left leg forward and then bends it back again.

Chest Weights

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he extends his left leg forward and then bends…

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he brings his left leg down to the floor, straight the whole time.

Chest Weights

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he brings his left leg down to the floor, straight…

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he bends over and straightens his body with his hands over his head.

Chest Weights

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he bends over and straightens his body with his…

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he has bent over and now straightens his body with his hands over his head.

Chest Weights

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he has bent over and now straightens his body…

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he pulls his arms down and back, alternately repeating.

Chest Weights

A man exercising with chest weights. In this position, he pulls his arms down and back, alternately…

A man exercising with the chest developer.

Chest Developer

A man exercising with the chest developer.

A man exercising with the chest expander.

Chest Expander

A man exercising with the chest expander.

"The prevailing winds of the globe; with a section of the atmosphere showing its system of permanent currents." -Gilbert, 1910

Terrestrial Winds

"The prevailing winds of the globe; with a section of the atmosphere showing its system of permanent…

The image represents the horizontal clock face system. The bottom is the firing line and the numbers of the clock references the position of other objects.

Horizontal Clock Face System

The image represents the horizontal clock face system. The bottom is the firing line and the numbers…

"Diagram showing types of canal system. --After Korschelt and Heider. The flagellate regions are dark throughout, the mesogloea is dotted, the arrows show the direction of the currents. All the figures represent cross-sections through the wall. A. Simple Ascon type (Ec., outer layer; En., inner layer; Mg., mesogloea). B. Sycon type, with flagellage radial chambers (r.c.). CC. Leucon type, with flagellate side aisles on the main radial chambers. D. Still more complex type, with small flagellate chambers (f.ch.)." -Thomson, 1916

Sponge Canal System

"Diagram showing types of canal system. --After Korschelt and Heider. The flagellate regions are dark…

"A., a minute portion of the branched excretory system of a Plathelminth, showing longitudinal duct (I), with cilia (C.), its branches (II and III), and the terminal flame-cells (IV)." -Thomson, 1916

Plathelminth

"A., a minute portion of the branched excretory system of a Plathelminth, showing longitudinal duct…

"Alimentary system of leech. m., Mouth; cr6., sixth crop-pocket; cr11., last crop-pocket; v., rectum; s., posterior sucker." -Thomson, 1916

Leech

"Alimentary system of leech. m., Mouth; cr6., sixth crop-pocket; cr11., last crop-pocket; v., rectum;…

"Nervous system of shore-crab (Carcinus manas). br., The supra-oesophageal mass; g., gullet surrounded by gr., the gullet ring; m., the sub-oesophageal mass representing a fusion of the thoracic ganglia of the crayfish, and giving off nerves to the limbs; behind it is a short strand representing the abdominal ganglia of the crayfish. a1., antennules; a2., antennae; e., eye." -Thomson, 1916

Shore Crab Nervous System

"Nervous system of shore-crab (Carcinus manas). br., The supra-oesophageal mass; g., gullet surrounded…

"Nervous system of bee. A, of larva. B, of adult. a., Antenna; mx., maxilla; m., mandible; w., origin of wing; 1-5, abdominal ganglia." -Thomson, 1916

Bee Nervous System

"Nervous system of bee. A, of larva. B, of adult. a., Antenna; mx., maxilla; m., mandible; w., origin…

"Diagram of circulatory and excretory systems in a Decapod-like Sepia. 1, Gill; 2, renal sac; 3, afferent branchial vessel; 4, branchial heart; 5, abdominal vein; 6, heart; 7, viscero-pericardial sac (body cavity); 8, genital organ; 9, posterior aorta; 10, "auricle"; 11, glandular appendix of branchial heart; 12, renal appendices of branchial vein; 13, external aperure of kidney; 14, vena cava; 15, anterior aorta; 16, bifurcation of vena cava; 17, reno-pericardial aperture." -Thomson, 1916

Cuttlefish Circulatory and Excretory Systems

"Diagram of circulatory and excretory systems in a Decapod-like Sepia. 1, Gill; 2, renal sac; 3, afferent…

"Proneomenia. Nervous system. e.g., Cerebral ganglia; slg., sublingual; a.p.g., anterior pedal; p.p.g., posterior pedal; p.v.g., posterior viscerals; sl., sublingual connectives; cpc., cerebro-pedal connective; pe., longitudinal pedal nerves; la., longitudinal lateral nerves." -Thomson, 1916

Proneomenia

"Proneomenia. Nervous system. e.g., Cerebral ganglia; slg., sublingual; a.p.g., anterior pedal; p.p.g.,…

The respiratory system. Labels: 1. the larynx; 2. the trachea; 3. right bronchia; 4. left bronchia; 5. left lung divided into three lobes; 7. large bronchial tubes; 8. small bronchial tubes ending in air cells or vesicles.

Respiratory System

The respiratory system. Labels: 1. the larynx; 2. the trachea; 3. right bronchia; 4. left bronchia;…

"Diagram of circulation. r.a., Right auricle receiving superior vena cava (s.v.c.) and inferior vena cava (i.v.c.); r.v., right ventricle; p.a., pulmonary artery to lungs (L.); p.v., right pulmonary vein; l.a., left auricle; l.v., left ventricle; ao., aortic arch; d.ao., dorsal aorta giving off arteries to liver (ii.), to gut (g.), to body (B.); po.v., portal veins; h.v., hepatic vein." -Thomson, 1916

Circulation

"Diagram of circulation. r.a., Right auricle receiving superior vena cava (s.v.c.) and inferior vena…

"Development of excretory system of vertebrate. The primitive segments are not separated off from the lateral plate, and the pronephros (pn.) is seen arising from the lower part of the primitive segment.n.c., nerve cord; nch., notochord; pn., pronephros; g., gut; p.s., primitive segment; mes., mesonephric tubule; pn.d., pronephric duct; b.c., body cavity; ao., aorta; siv., sub-intestinal vein, with vessel to the aorta." -Thomson, 1916

Excretory System Stage 1

"Development of excretory system of vertebrate. The primitive segments are not separated off from the…

"Development of excretory system of vertebrate. The pronephros is completely separated off from the primitive segment and lateral plate.n.c., nerve cord; nch., notochord; pn., pronephros; g., gut; p.s., primitive segment; mes., mesonephric tubule; pn.d., pronephric duct; b.c., body cavity; ao., aorta; siv., sub-intestinal vein, with vessel to the aorta." -Thomson, 1916

Excretory System Stage 2

"Development of excretory system of vertebrate. The pronephros is completely separated off from the…

"The origin of the mesonephric tubules is seen. They arise from the upper part of the lateral plate, which is now completely separated from the primitive segment, and curving round the pronephric duct come to open into it.n.c., nerve cord; nch., notochord; pn., pronephros; g., gut; p.s., primitive segment; mes., mesonephric tubule; pn.d., pronephric duct; b.c., body cavity; ao., aorta; siv., sub-intestinal vein, with vessel to the aorta." -Thomson, 1916

Excretory System Stage 3

"The origin of the mesonephric tubules is seen. They arise from the upper part of the lateral plate,…

"Respiratory system of hag, from ventral surface. b., Barbules; m., mouth opening on ventral surface; g., gullet; g.p'., first gill-pouch, cut open to show internal lamellae; g.p.6, sixth gill-pouch; v., ventricle of heart; ao., aorta; a., common exhalant aperture." -Thomson, 1916

Hagfish Respiratory System

"Respiratory system of hag, from ventral surface. b., Barbules; m., mouth opening on ventral surface;…

"Dissection of nerves of skate. CH., Cerebral hemispheres; O.TH., optic thalami; OL., optic lobes; M., medulla; 4v., posterior part of cerebellum, covering fourth ventricle; OB., olfactory bulb; OC., olfactory capsule; SO., superior oblique muscle; E., eye; SR., superior rectus; ER., external rectus; SO.VII., superficial ophthalmic branch of VII.; SO.V., superficial ophthalmic branch of V.; OP., ophthalmicus profundus; A.C., auditory capsule; B.Pl., brachial plexus; R.F., recurrent facial; C.T., chorda tympani; F.P., facial proper; Hy., hyoidean; Hyomn., hyomandibular; E.M., external mandibular; M.M., mandibular muscle; Sp., spiracle; P.sp., prespiracular; Pl., palatine; O.B., outer buccal; Mn., mandibular; Mx., maxillary; I.B., inner buccal; L., lateral branch of X.; Py., pyloric branch; C., cardiac branch." -Thomson, 1916

Skate Nerves

"Dissection of nerves of skate. CH., Cerebral hemispheres; O.TH., optic thalami; OL., optic lobes; M.,…

"Side view of chief cranial nerves of Elasmobranchs." -Thomson, 1916

Shark Nerves

"Side view of chief cranial nerves of Elasmobranchs." -Thomson, 1916

"Diagram of Teleostean circulation. A., auricle; V., ventricle; v.a., ventral aorta; a.br., afferent branchials; e.br., efferent branchials; c.c., cephalic circle; e., carotids; A.c.v., anterior cardinal veins; P.C.V., posterior cardinal veins; d.c., ductuss Cuvieri; d.a., dorsal aortaa; c.v., caudal vein; c.a., caudal artery; K., kidney." -Thomson, 1916

Teleostean Circulation

"Diagram of Teleostean circulation. A., auricle; V., ventricle; v.a., ventral aorta; a.br., afferent…

"Nervous system of frog. 1-10, The cranial nerves; oc., eyes; crb., in front of optic chiasma; to., optic tract; sym., sympathetic system; msp., spinal cord; sp., spinal nerves." -Thomson, 1916

Frog Nervous System

"Nervous system of frog. 1-10, The cranial nerves; oc., eyes; crb., in front of optic chiasma; to.,…

"Arterial system of frog. l., Lingual; c., carotid; s., systemic; cu., cutaneous; p., pulmonary; v., occipito-vertebral; br., brachial; c.m., coeliaco-mesenteric; r., renal; il., common iliacs; h., haemorrhoidal." -Thomson, 1916

Frog Arterial System

"Arterial system of frog. l., Lingual; c., carotid; s., systemic; cu., cutaneous; p., pulmonary; v.,…

"Venous system of frog. m., l., Mandibular and lingual; e.j., external jugular; i.j., internal jugular; scp., subscapular; in., innominate; scl., subclavian; br., brachial; m.c., musculo-cutaneous; h.v., hepatic vein; h.p., hepatic portal; a.a., anterior abdominal; r.p., renal-portal; p.v., pelvic; sc., sciatic; f., femoral; i.v.c., inferior vena cava; c., cardiac vein." -Thomson, 1916

Frog Venous System

"Venous system of frog. m., l., Mandibular and lingual; e.j., external jugular; i.j., internal jugular;…

"Heart and arterial system of pigeon. R.A., right auricle; R.V., right ventricle; L.V., left ventricle; L.A., left auricle; P.V., pulmonary veins; P., pectoral artery; Br., brachial artery; C., carotid artery; D.A., dorsal aorta; CL., coeliac; A.M., anterior mesenteric; R., renals; F., femoral; Sc., sciatic; IL., iliac; p.m., posterior mesenteric; C., caudal." -Thomson, 1916

Pigeon Arterial System

"Heart and arterial system of pigeon. R.A., right auricle; R.V., right ventricle; L.V., left ventricle;…

"Heart and venous system of pigeon. R.A., Right auricle; R.V., right ventricle; L.V., left ventricle; L.A., left auricle; P.V., pulmonary veins; P.A., pulmonary arteries; J., jugular; Br., brachial; P., pectoral; H.V., hepatic; E.P., epigastric; I.V.C., inferior vena cava; C.M., coccygeo-mesenteric; I.V., iliac; F., femoral; R., renal; Sc., sciatic; Hyp., hypogastric or "renal-portal"; i.il., internal iliac; C., caudal." -Thomson, 1916

Pigeon Venous System

"Heart and venous system of pigeon. R.A., Right auricle; R.V., right ventricle; L.V., left ventricle;…

View of the heart with its several chambers exposed and the vessels in connection with them. Labels: 1, the superior vena cava. 2, the inferior vena cava. 3. the chamber called the auricle. 4. the right ventricle. 5. the line marking the passage between the two chambers, and the points of attachment of one margin of the valve. 6. the septum between the two ventricles. 7. the pulmonary artery, arising from the right ventricle, and dividing at 8 into right and left, of the corresponding lungs. 9. the four pulmonary veins, bringing the blood from the lungs into 10, the left auricle. 11. the left ventricle. 12. the aorta, arising from the left ventricle, and passing down behind the heart, to distribute blood to every part of the system. Thus the blood moves in a double circle, one from the heart to the body, and from the body back to the heart, called the systemic circle; the other, from the heart to the lung, and from the lung back to the heart, called the pulmonic circle.

Heart and its Chambers

View of the heart with its several chambers exposed and the vessels in connection with them. Labels:…

The arterial system.

The Arterial System

The arterial system.

The digestive system. This figure represents the whole tract of the intestinal canal, not exactly in its natural position, but spread out so as to show the relative proportions; f, the esophagus; g, cardia; h, pylorus; i, i, the duodenum, about twelve fingers; breadth in length; k, hepatic duct; l, gall bladder; m, cystic duct; n, ductus communis, formed by the union of both; o, the opening of this duct into the duodenum; p, pancreatic duct; q, its opening into the duodenum; r, jejunum; s, ilium; these constitute the small intestines, and are about 26 feet in length, or five times the length of the body; t, termination of ilium in the coecum; , u, superior fold of valve of colon; v, inferior do. ; w, coecum; x, vermiform process; y, y, colon; z, rectum. The coecum, colon, and rectum, form the large intestines, and are about 6 feet in length; the coecum being about 4 inches long, and the same in diameter. The arrows show the direction which the food takes in digestion.

Stomach

The digestive system. This figure represents the whole tract of the intestinal canal, not exactly in…

"Bony Tissue. A, portion of cross-section of a bone, the upper portion of the figure representing the outer surface of the bone, just beneath the periosteum. The open spaces, h, are Haversian canals; l, lacunae, occupied in life by bone cells. The minute canals through the bone connecting the lacunae are canaliculi. B, a portion of one Haversian system much magnified. h, Haversian anal, containing arter (a), vein (v), lymphatic spaces, nutritive cells; c, canaliculi; l, lacunae; la, plae of bone intercellular substance." -Galloway, 1915

Bony Tissue

"Bony Tissue. A, portion of cross-section of a bone, the upper portion of the figure representing the…

"Diagram showing arrangement of the nervous matter in Starfish. c, ganglionated ring about the mouth; o, mouth; r.n., radial nerve in each arm." -Galloway, 1915

Starfish Nervous System

"Diagram showing arrangement of the nervous matter in Starfish. c, ganglionated ring about the mouth;…

"The nervous system of the Clam,—from the dorsal aspect. a, anterior; o, mouth; c.g., cerebral ganglia (brain); p.g., pedal ganglia; v.g., visceral ganglia." -Galloway, 1915

Clam Nervous System

"The nervous system of the Clam,—from the dorsal aspect. a, anterior; o, mouth; c.g., cerebral…

"The central nervous system in a leech. g, dorsal ganglia (brain); g', ventral chain of ganglia; o, mouth." -Galloway, 1915

Leech Nervous System

"The central nervous system in a leech. g, dorsal ganglia (brain); g', ventral chain of ganglia; o,…

An illustration of a trade acceptance. "A special form of draft which has been widely used in Europe for many years and which, under our Federal Reserve System of banking, will be used extensively in this country is the Trade Acceptance."

Trade Acceptance

An illustration of a trade acceptance. "A special form of draft which has been widely used in Europe…

"Diagram of a cross-section of the spinal cord through the roots of spinal nerves. c, central canal; d.f., dorsal fissure; d.r., dorsal root of spinal nerve arising from the dorsal horn of the gray matter (g); gn., ganglion on the dorsal root; n, spinal nerve; v.f., ventral fissure; v.r., ventral root of the spinal nerve, arising from the ventral horn of the gray matter; w., white matter." -Galloway, 1915

Spinal Cord

"Diagram of a cross-section of the spinal cord through the roots of spinal nerves. c, central canal;…

"Diagram of the principal vessels in the circulation of a Fish, lateral view. a, aorta; au., auricle; br.a., afferent branchial arteries; br.e., efferent branchial arteries; bu., bulbus (or conus) arteriosus; c, carotid; c.a., caudal artery; c.v.r., right cardinal vein; c.v.l., left cardinal vein; d.a., dorsal artery; d.c., ductus Cuvieri; g, gills; h.v., hepatic vein; h.p., hepatic portal vein; i, intestine; j, jugular vein; k, kidney; l, liver; r.p., renal portal vein; s.v., sinus venosus; v, ventricle." -Galloway, 1915

Fish Circulation Vessels

"Diagram of the principal vessels in the circulation of a Fish, lateral view. a, aorta; au., auricle;…

"Diagram of the female genital organs of a Bird. c, cloaca; i, intestine; k, kidney; o, ovary with ova of different size; od., oviduct; o.f., funnel of the oviduct; o.o., opening of the oviduct into the cloaca; u, ureter; u.o., opening of ureter into the cloaca. Only one ovary and oviduct are fully developed in the Birds." -Galloway, 1915

Female Bird Genital Organs

"Diagram of the female genital organs of a Bird. c, cloaca; i, intestine; k, kidney; o, ovary with ova…

"Diagram of the urino-genital organs of a male Bird. ad., adrenal body; c, cloaca; i, intestine; k, kidney; t, testis; u, ureter; u.o., opening of ureter into the cloaca; v.d., vas deferens; v.d.o., opening of the vas deferens; v.s., vesicula seminalis." -Galloway, 1915

Male Bird Genital Organs

"Diagram of the urino-genital organs of a male Bird. ad., adrenal body; c, cloaca; i, intestine; k,…

The sexual system of a plant, here having one carpel and one stamen, Monandria.

Linnaeus' Monandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having one carpel and one stamen, Monandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having two stamens, Diandria.

Linnaeus' Diandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having two stamens, Diandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having three stamens, Triandria.

Linnaeus' Triandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having three stamens, Triandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having four stamens, Tetrandria.

Linnaeus' Tetrandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having four stamens, Tetrandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having five stamens and one pistil, Pentandria.

Linnaeus' Pentandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having five stamens and one pistil, Pentandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having six stamens and one pistil, Hexandria.

Linnaeus' Hexandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having six stamens and one pistil, Hexandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having seven stamens, Heptandria.

Linnaeus' Heptandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having seven stamens, Heptandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having eight stamens, Octandria.

Linnaeus' Octandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having eight stamens, Octandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having nine stamens, Enneandria.

Linnaeus' Enneandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having nine stamens, Enneandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having ten stamens and a carpel, Decandria.

Linnaeus' Decandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having ten stamens and a carpel, Decandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having many stamens, Dodecandria.

Linnaeus' Dodecandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having many stamens, Dodecandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having twenty or more stamens, Icosandria.

Linnaeus' icosandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having twenty or more stamens, Icosandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having many stamens with a pistil in the center, Polyandria.

Linnaeus' Polyandria

The sexual system of a plant, here having many stamens with a pistil in the center, Polyandria.

The sexual system of a plant, here having four stamens of unequal length, Didynamia.

Linnaeus' Didynamia

The sexual system of a plant, here having four stamens of unequal length, Didynamia.