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A resaw is a large band saw optimized for cutting timber along the grain to reduce larger sections into smaller sections or veneers. Resawing veneers requires a wide blade with a small kerf to minimize waste.

Band Resaw

A resaw is a large band saw optimized for cutting timber along the grain to reduce larger sections into…

This illustration shows a Blake Ore Breaker (stone crusher), used in a gold stamp mill. This crusher breaks the large, mined rocks containing the gold (ore) into small pieces, to then be reduced to the finest powder by stamps.

Blake Ore Breaker

This illustration shows a Blake Ore Breaker (stone crusher), used in a gold stamp mill. This crusher…

The chlorination process in gold extraction employs large vats or revolving barrels, the material inside of which is moistened with water and treated with chlorine gas to form a solution of Gold Chloride. This is then run off, and the gold precipitated , usually by means of Ferrous Sulphate or charcoal.

Chlorination Barrel

The chlorination process in gold extraction employs large vats or revolving barrels, the material inside…

The chlorination process in gold extraction employs large vats or revolving barrels, the material inside of which is moistened with water and treated with chlorine gas to form a solution of Gold Chloride. This is then run off, and the gold precipitated, usually by means of Ferrous Sulphate or charcoal.

Chlorination Barrel (End Section)

The chlorination process in gold extraction employs large vats or revolving barrels, the material inside…

Corn planter about 1900.

Corn Planter

Corn planter about 1900.

A check-row corn-planter, which plants two rows at once and rows the corn both ways.

Check-Row Corn-Planter

A check-row corn-planter, which plants two rows at once and rows the corn both ways.

A corn and cotton stalk cutter, used to cut the stalks before plowing.

Stalk Cutter

A corn and cotton stalk cutter, used to cut the stalks before plowing.

In the gold extraction process, finely crushed ores are leached in vats with a very diluted solution of Potassuim Cyanide (KCN), containing 0.05 to 0.3 percent KCN (or its equivalent, Sodium Cyanide, NaCN) which is allowed to remain for twelve to twenty-four hours to dissolve the gold.

Cyanide Leaching Tank (Gold Extraction)

In the gold extraction process, finely crushed ores are leached in vats with a very diluted solution…

This illustration shows a double discharge mortar, used in a Stamp Mill.

Double Discharge Mortar

This illustration shows a double discharge mortar, used in a Stamp Mill.

"In machinery, a drum of adjustable diameter used with a belt to effect changes as desired in the speed of machinery." -Whitney, 1911

Expansion Drum

"In machinery, a drum of adjustable diameter used with a belt to effect changes as desired in the speed…

Fertilizer distributor about 1900.

Fertilizer Distributor

Fertilizer distributor about 1900.

Field corn planter about 1900.

Field corn planter

Field corn planter about 1900.

Field corn planter about 1900.

Field CornPlanter

Field corn planter about 1900.

"Friction-cones. a and b, cones; c, fork. In machinery, a form of friction-coupling consisting of two cones, one of which is fitted into the other and communicates its motion to it by means of the friction between the two surfaces." -Whitney, 1911

Friction Cones

"Friction-cones. a and b, cones; c, fork. In machinery, a form of friction-coupling consisting of two…

"In machinery, a form of slip-coupling applied in cases where the variations of load are sudden and great, as in dredging-machinery, etc. In the form illustrated a strong pulley, B, is keyed on the driving-shaft, and on the circumference of this wheel, A, is fitted, with a series of friction-plates, a, a, a, interposed, and retained in recesses formed in the eye of the wheel." -Whitney, 1911

Friction Wheel

"In machinery, a form of slip-coupling applied in cases where the variations of load are sudden and…

A Frue Vanner is a shaking, rubber belt used to concentrate gold ore 'pulp'.

Frue Vanner (End View)

A Frue Vanner is a shaking, rubber belt used to concentrate gold ore 'pulp'.

A Frue Vanner is a shaking, rubber belt used to concentrate gold ore 'pulp'.

Frue Vanner (Side View)

A Frue Vanner is a shaking, rubber belt used to concentrate gold ore 'pulp'.

This illustration shows a Gnome motor with revolving cylinders and its many parts: Spark Plug; Conducting Wire from Collector Ring; Distributor Brush from Magneto; Electric Collector Ring; Fixed, Hollow Crankshaft; Connecting Rod; Piston; Revolving Crankcase; Tappet Cams (male and female); Exhaust Valve Tappet; Exhaust Valve; Intake Valve; Air-Cooled Cylinder. Gnome was the leading type of air cooled motor in the 1920s.

Gnome Motor, with Revolving Cylinders

This illustration shows a Gnome motor with revolving cylinders and its many parts: Spark Plug; Conducting…

"Of all the contrivances for regulating the motion of machinery, this is said to be the most effectual. It will be readily understood by the following description. It consists of two heavy iron balls b, attached to the extremities of the two rods, b, e. These rods play on a joint at e, passing through a mortice in the vertical stem d, d. At f, these pieces are united, by joints to two short rods, f, h, which, at their upper ends, are again connected by joints at h, to a ring which slides upon the vertical stem d d." —Comstock, 1850

Governor

"Of all the contrivances for regulating the motion of machinery, this is said to be the most effectual.…

"Governor of a Steam-engine. GOVERNOR. In machinery, a self-acting regulator which controls a supply of steam, gas, or water; especially, any device for automatically regulating the amount of power developed in a machine, as in a steam-engine." -Whitney, 1911

Electric Governor

"Governor of a Steam-engine. GOVERNOR. In machinery, a self-acting regulator which controls a supply…

Grain drill about 1900.

Grain Drill

Grain drill about 1900.

After the carding process in the manufacturing of jute is completed, the jute is taken into the drawing frames, whose function is to draw out the sliver, by means of rollers, to a smaller size, and to straighten or comb the fiber, so as to make it spin into a strong and level thread. Four of the slivers from the finisher cards are put through he first drawing frame, and are discharged by it in one small sliver. Two of these slivers are hen put through a second and finer drawing frame, and further combed and drawn out into one end. The cans of slivers are then taken to the roving frames to continue the manufacturing process.

Drawing Process in the Manufacturing of Jute

After the carding process in the manufacturing of jute is completed, the jute is taken into the drawing…

After being drawn through the drawing frames during the manufacturing process, the jute slivers are put into cans, which are then taken to the roving frames, where the material is again drawn out, twisted, and wound on to the rove bobbins. The latter are taken to spinning frames for the final manufacturing process.

Roving Process in the Manufacturing of Jute

After being drawn through the drawing frames during the manufacturing process, the jute slivers are…

In the last step of the manufacturing process of the jute plant, the material is taken on bobbins to spinning frames of the throstle type, and spun into yarn of various sizes, with a hard twist for warps and a softer twist for wefts. The warp yarns on bobbins are then passed on to the spooling and dressing machines, or are reeled in hanks and bundles for the purpose of being bleached or dyed in various colors for stripes in the fabric to be woven. The weft yarns are taken to the cop winding machines.

Spinning Process in the Manufacturing of Jute

In the last step of the manufacturing process of the jute plant, the material is taken on bobbins to…

Machine planter about 1900.

Machine Planter

Machine planter about 1900.

This invention relates to heat presses and, more particularly, to heat presses that are easy to use and expandable for greater workloads.

Hat Pressing Machine

This invention relates to heat presses and, more particularly, to heat presses that are easy to use…

General arrangement of machinery. A, upcast shaft; b, winding gear; c, downcast shaft; d, porch; e, cage; f, wire rope; g, head-gear pulley; h, winding engine; k, "tipplers"; l, screens.

Machinery

General arrangement of machinery. A, upcast shaft; b, winding gear; c, downcast shaft; d, porch; e,…

A middle-buster for cotton fields.

Middle-buster

A middle-buster for cotton fields.

This illustration shows a cross-section of a modern flour mill. Wheat is received in bin a, and first passes to the separator b, where it falls over vibrating screens, c, c, and a current of air draws light rubbish through pipe e to fan d. Next, in scourer f, it passes through revolving beaters, and meets a current of air. In the brush g, revolving brushes further clean and polish the wheat, which then passes to the 'cylinder' h. This revolving cylinder has grooves which pick up any small seeds, carrying them around until near the top of its revolution they drop into trough k and discharge by l at n, while the wheat grains too large for the grooving to affect, fall into the trough m, and are carried by the elevator p to the 'first break rolls', o. Here the wheat is partly crushed by rolls q, q, and passed to the 'scalper' r. Here, revolving brushes and beaters force the small particles through the fixed cage to the shoot s, while the larger are delivered at the end of the cage and pass to the second pair of rolls, t, and the second scalper, u. The coarse particles from u, chiefly bran, pass through a third set of rolls, v, and then to the 'bran duster', w, a cylinder where revolving brushes clean all flour from the bran and force it through perforations towards shoot x, the bran being delivered at y. The flour is carried by elevator p' to the 'reel' z, a finely perforated cylinder which revolves rapidly, an the finer part passes by shoot s' to the 'centrifugal' u'; the coarser part delivered at the end of the cylinder, passes to the 'purifier' r', where a current of air removes light dust as it travels over a moving sieve, and thence to a set of rolls at t' for further reduction, after which it is delivered to the centrifugal u'. This is a revolving drum, covered with silk, through which the flour is thrown by centrifugal force, and is delivered finished at v', the offals passing out at the end of the drum to the shoot w'.

Modern Flour Mill

This illustration shows a cross-section of a modern flour mill. Wheat is received in bin a, and first…

"A horse without machinery can not lift a weight; but he does it readily with the aid of the simple apparatus shown [here].." —Quackenbos 1859

Pulley System

"A horse without machinery can not lift a weight; but he does it readily with the aid of the simple…

"Sectional elevation showing M. & G. Quadrant Bin Gates as used for all the bunkers in the Gravel Plant." -Meese, 1913

Quadrant Bin Gates

"Sectional elevation showing M. & G. Quadrant Bin Gates as used for all the bunkers in the Gravel Plant."…

This furnace is used to purify a gold concentrate. The gold concentrates, if non-pyritic, are treated in grinding pans in the bottom of which mercury is placed. The amalgam (mercury alloy), after squeezing out the excess mercury, is heated in the retort, to distil (separate) off the rest and leave the gold, which is then melted and cast into bars of gold bullion of varying fineness.

Retort Furnace for Gold Bullion

This furnace is used to purify a gold concentrate. The gold concentrates, if non-pyritic, are treated…

"Endless screw, a mechanical arrangement consisting of a screw the thread of which gears into a wheel with skew teeth, the obliquity corresponding to the angle of pitch of the screw." -Whitney, 1911

Endless Screw and Wheel

"Endless screw, a mechanical arrangement consisting of a screw the thread of which gears into a wheel…

"In machinery, the system of shafts which connects machinery with the prime mover, and through which motion is communicated to the former by the latter. a, shaft; b b1, pulleys; c c1, belts; d d1, hangers; e, drip-cup to receive oil dropping from the bearing in d1." —Whitney, 1889

Shafting

"In machinery, the system of shafts which connects machinery with the prime mover, and through which…

A stamp mill facilitates the crushing of ore (in this case, gold ore) into very small grains, with many mechanical parts, including: the ore car, to carry ore from the mine to the Mill (a); the trestle, the tunnel from the mine to the mill that the ore car travels through (b); the grizzly (c); the crushing floor (d); the bin for crushed ore (e); the stamp, a vertical iron rod having a cast-iron or steel shoe, which, falling on the mortar block, crushes the ore (f); the mortar (g); and the apron plate (h).

Stamp Mill for Gold Ores (Sectional View)

A stamp mill facilitates the crushing of ore (in this case, gold ore) into very small grains, with many…

This illustration shows a V type motor with eight cylinders, fans, and many other parts: Gasoline Supply Pipe, Carburetor, Water Supply Connection, Centrifugal Pump, Intake Manifold Connection, Water Jacket Connection, Cylinder, Valve Rocker Arm, Manifold, Radiator Connection, and Magneto.

V Type Motor, with Eight Cylinders

This illustration shows a V type motor with eight cylinders, fans, and many other parts: Gasoline Supply…

This illustration shows a wash box used for removing lime from materials used in glue manufacturing.

Wash Box for Removing Lime

This illustration shows a wash box used for removing lime from materials used in glue manufacturing.