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An illustration of an ivy plant with the fruit and flower.

Ivy

An illustration of an ivy plant with the fruit and flower.

An illustration of a little man standing inside of a Jack-in-the-Pulpit plant. The man seems to be a fairy tale figure and he is talking to a group of children.

Jack-in-the-Pulpit

An illustration of a little man standing inside of a Jack-in-the-Pulpit plant. The man seems to be a…

A tree which produces dark red flowers and fragrant green leaves. The leaves are oval and serrated. They are native to Japan.

Pyrus Japonica

A tree which produces dark red flowers and fragrant green leaves. The leaves are oval and serrated.…

A wicker-work basket used to hold decorative plants and flowers.

Wicker-Work Jardiniere

A wicker-work basket used to hold decorative plants and flowers.

"Jasminum ligustrifolium. 1. a corolla cut open; 2. vertical section of the ovary; 3. section of a seed of Nytanthes." -Lindley, 1853

Jasmine

"Jasminum ligustrifolium. 1. a corolla cut open; 2. vertical section of the ovary; 3. section of a seed…

The Yellow Jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens) is a vine in the Gelsemiaceae family.

Yellow Jasmine

The Yellow Jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens) is a vine in the Gelsemiaceae family.

The branch of a Juglans rupestris, a species of walnut tree.

Branch of Juglans Rupestris

The branch of a Juglans rupestris, a species of walnut tree.

Genus of spiny shrubs of the buckthorn family.

Zizyphus Jujuba

Genus of spiny shrubs of the buckthorn family.

Plants stuff; rooting along the stem; leaves stiff and often fascicles.

Juncus

Plants stuff; rooting along the stem; leaves stiff and often fascicles.

Flowers or fruits individually manifest; parts in threes.

Juncus

Flowers or fruits individually manifest; parts in threes.

Sheaths at base of stem merely overlapping.

Juncus

Sheaths at base of stem merely overlapping.

Leaves narrow, mostly less than 1 cm.

Juncus

Leaves narrow, mostly less than 1 cm.

Juncus acutiflorus belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus) that grow in boggy places.

Juncus Acutiflorus

Juncus acutiflorus belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus) that grow in boggy places.

Juncus compressus belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus) that grow in boggy places.

Juncus Compressus

Juncus compressus belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus) that grow in boggy places.

Juncus conglomeratus, also known as the common rush, belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus) that grow in boggy places. It is the best known species, with cylindrical stems and crowded panicles of flowers below the tapered extremities of the stems.

Juncus Conglomeratus

Juncus conglomeratus, also known as the common rush, belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus)…

Known as the soft rush, Juncus effusus is nearly as common as the most common species, J. conglomeratus. It can be distinguished from J. conglomeratus by its branching and looser inflorescence. It belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus) that grow in boggy places.

Juncus Effusus

Known as the soft rush, Juncus effusus is nearly as common as the most common species, J. conglomeratus.…

Juncus glaucus belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus) that grow in boggy places.

Juncus Glaucus

Juncus glaucus belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus) that grow in boggy places.

Juncus squamosus belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus) that grow in boggy places.

Juncus Squamosus

Juncus squamosus belongs to a genus of grass-like herbs (Juncus) that grow in boggy places.

Also known as Amelanchier canadensis. The branch of a Juneberry bush, native to eastern North America, primarily Canada.

Branch of Juneberry

Also known as Amelanchier canadensis. The branch of a Juneberry bush, native to eastern North America,…

Juniper plant.

Juniper

Juniper plant.

A species of conifer found in The Bahamas, Cuba, Haiti, and Jamaica.

Branch of Juniperus Barbadensis

A species of conifer found in The Bahamas, Cuba, Haiti, and Jamaica.

Flowers large, showy yellow; fruit a four angled capsule.

Jussiaea

Flowers large, showy yellow; fruit a four angled capsule.

Capsule or calyx tube long and slender, ovre 1.5cm long; stamens.

Jussiaea

Capsule or calyx tube long and slender, ovre 1.5cm long; stamens.

Flowers irregular, purplish.

Justicia

Flowers irregular, purplish.

Jute, also known as Calcutta Hemp, is a fiber obtained from several species of the genus Corchorus of the order Tiliaceæ, and employed in the manufacture of the coarser textiles. The great bulk of the world's supply is derived from two species, C. capsularis and C. olitorius (Jew's Mallow), both of which are indigenous to Bengal, India, where from remote times they have been cultivate for economic purposes. The two species are similar in appearance, but may be distinguished by the form of the seed pods, which are nearly spherical in C. capsularis, and long and narrow in C. olitorius. Both plants are herbaceous annuals with straight, slender stalks from 5 to 15 feet in height, branched at the top, and bearing small yellow flowers. The fiber, which is derived from the inner bark, is of a creamy yellow or light buff color and of a silky luster. It spins well, but is not as strong as flax or hemp, and deteriorates rapidly. The young shoots are used as pot herbs. Jute is grown chiefly in Bengal, though it is raised to a limited extent in China, Formosa, and Southern Japan. It can be grown successfully in the South Atlantic and Gulf States of the United States, but lack of mechanical methods for preparing the fiber has prevented its cultivation on an industrial scale. Attempts to naturalize it elsewhere have generally failed. For its most successful cultivation, jute requires a soft, deep soil and a hot, moist atmosphere, alluvial lands being especially adapted to its production. This illustration shows Corchorus capsularis.

Jute

Jute, also known as Calcutta Hemp, is a fiber obtained from several species of the genus Corchorus of…

After the softening process in the manufacturing of jute, the fibers are about six feet long, and are passed onto the breaker card, where they are reduced in length, finely divided, thoroughly mixed, cleared of impurities, and laid in parallel order. The chief features of the card are a cylinder about four feet in diameter covered with wooden staves filled with steel teeth, and around this cylinder a number of smaller cylinders, known as strippers and workers, also covered with steel teeth. The jute fibers are carried around the large cylinder, being finely divided by the workers and strippers in their course. A doffer roller then strips the elongated lap from the main cylinder and sends it down a broad channel, which compresses it to a strand or sliver about four inches wide. Twelve of these slivers are then fed into the finisher card, which is similar to the breaker, but has finer teeth, and are drawn out into a finer, smoother strand.

Carding Process in the Manufacuring of Jute

After the softening process in the manufacturing of jute, the fibers are about six feet long, and are…

In the manufacturing of jute, the jute fiber must first be softened. The softening machine consists of many pairs of fluted or corrugated rollers arranged in horizontal succession and driven with a reciprocating motion. The jute as it passes through may receive a sprinkling of oil ad water from automatic apparatus attached to the machine overhead, or it may be arranged in the layers and sprayed with oil after emerging from the softener, a process known as batching. In either case, the material is then allowed to lie a certain time in bulk, to permit of the fiber being thoroughly permeated with the oil.

Softening Process in the Manufacturing of Jute

In the manufacturing of jute, the jute fiber must first be softened. The softening machine consists…

In the last step of the manufacturing process of the jute plant, the material is taken on bobbins to spinning frames of the throstle type, and spun into yarn of various sizes, with a hard twist for warps and a softer twist for wefts. The warp yarns on bobbins are then passed on to the spooling and dressing machines, or are reeled in hanks and bundles for the purpose of being bleached or dyed in various colors for stripes in the fabric to be woven. The weft yarns are taken to the cop winding machines.

Spinning Process in the Manufacturing of Jute

In the last step of the manufacturing process of the jute plant, the material is taken on bobbins to…

"Kadsura japonica. 1. a calyx; 2. a head of stamens; 3. a pistil; 4. a section of a seed." -Lindley, 1853

Kadsura

"Kadsura japonica. 1. a calyx; 2. a head of stamens; 3. a pistil; 4. a section of a seed." -Lindley,…

Kale or borecole, a variety of wild cabbage.

Kale

Kale or borecole, a variety of wild cabbage.

"The Dwarf Purple, of Brown Kale, which is represented in the cut here inserted, is a beautiful curled variety, with redish-tinted leaves."—Rawson, 1892

Dwarf Purple Kale

"The Dwarf Purple, of Brown Kale, which is represented in the cut here inserted, is a beautiful curled…

"This vegetable produces blanched shoots which are cooked and eaten in the same manner as asparagus."—Rawson, 1892

Sea Kale

"This vegetable produces blanched shoots which are cooked and eaten in the same manner as asparagus."—Rawson,…

Four grains united, as in most of the Heath family.

Kalmia

Four grains united, as in most of the Heath family.

Kava or Piper methysticum is a crop from the pepper family.

Kava

Kava or Piper methysticum is a crop from the pepper family.

Possessing a central ridge as a boat.

Keeled

Possessing a central ridge as a boat.

Oarweed or Tangle (Laminaria digitata) is a species of kelp common to the British Isles and Northeast America.

Oarweed

Oarweed or Tangle (Laminaria digitata) is a species of kelp common to the British Isles and Northeast…

Oarweed or Kelp (Laminaria longicruris) is a species of kelp common to Northeast America.

Oarweed

Oarweed or Kelp (Laminaria longicruris) is a species of kelp common to Northeast America.

Also known as Betula kenaica. A species of birch tree.

Branch of Kenai Birch

Also known as Betula kenaica. A species of birch tree.

Catha edulis or Khat is a flowering plant of the Celastraceae family.

Khat

Catha edulis or Khat is a flowering plant of the Celastraceae family.

"Kielmeyera rosea. 1. the pistil; 2. a transverse section of it; 3. a ripe fruit; 4. embryo." -Lindley, 1853

Kielmeyera

"Kielmeyera rosea. 1. the pistil; 2. a transverse section of it; 3. a ripe fruit; 4. embryo." -Lindley,…

"a, flower of Caltha palustris, showing the petaloid sepals s." -Whitney, 1911

Kingcup

"a, flower of Caltha palustris, showing the petaloid sepals s." -Whitney, 1911

"b, one of the sepals" of the flower of Caltha palustris, or Kingcup. -Whitney, 1911

Kingcup Sepal

"b, one of the sepals" of the flower of Caltha palustris, or Kingcup. -Whitney, 1911

Kohlrabi or German turnip, a variety of wild cabbage.

Kohlrabi

Kohlrabi or German turnip, a variety of wild cabbage.

The label of a Jacksonville packaging company.

Packaging company label

The label of a Jacksonville packaging company.

A type of flower.

Laburnum

A type of flower.

An illustration of a Lace-Leaf plant also known as a Lattice Leaf or Lace Plant. The Lace-Leaf plant is an aquatic plant with oblong leaf blades measuring up to 65 cm. The leaves of the plant lay beneath the water and are purely skeletal, with not tissue. The flowers grow above the water's surface.

Lace-leaf Plant

An illustration of a Lace-Leaf plant also known as a Lattice Leaf or Lace Plant. The Lace-Leaf plant…

Irregularly cut as if torn.

Lacerate

Irregularly cut as if torn.

A greenish-red plant with laciniate-cut leaves. In the spring, edible crimson berries are produced and remain throughout the winter.

Rhus Glabra Laciniata

A greenish-red plant with laciniate-cut leaves. In the spring, edible crimson berries are produced and…

"Lacistema serrulatum. 1. amentum in flower; 2. pistil and stamen. 3. pistil and calyx; 4. fruit in its state of dehiscence." -Lindley, 1853

Lacistema

"Lacistema serrulatum. 1. amentum in flower; 2. pistil and stamen. 3. pistil and calyx; 4. fruit in…

The lady fern in the popular name of the fern 'Asplenium filix-foemina'. It is variable in size and detail, of very graceful habit, and of thin, almost transparent texture, with conspicuous venation. Its color is a most delicate green. The fronds are lanceolate and bipinnate, and are developed from the summit of the caudex. Many varieties are found wild, such as 'marinum', whose fronds taper from their centers toward either extremity; 'latifolium'; and 'convexum', whose fronds are much narrower than in the common type. The lady fern and its varieties are easily cultivated in any damp, shady spot.

Lady Fern

The lady fern in the popular name of the fern 'Asplenium filix-foemina'. It is variable in size and…

"Lady's Slipper is a genus of plants. The genus is remarkable for the large inflated lip of the corolla. Several very beautiful species are natives of the colder parts of North America."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Lady's Slipper

"Lady's Slipper is a genus of plants. The genus is remarkable for the large inflated lip of the corolla.…

Style of a Lady's Slipper (Cypripedium), and stamens united with it; the anther of the two good stamens; an abortive stamen, what should be its anther changed into a petal-like body; the stigma.

Lady's Slipper

Style of a Lady's Slipper (Cypripedium), and stamens united with it; the anther of the two good stamens;…

"Lady-bird beetles, or "lady bugs." These beetles are very destructive to plant lice." — Goff, 1904

Ladybug

"Lady-bird beetles, or "lady bugs." These beetles are very destructive to plant lice." — Goff,…

"Lady-bird beetles, or "lady bugs." These beetles are very destructive to plant lice." — Goff, 1904

Ladybug

"Lady-bird beetles, or "lady bugs." These beetles are very destructive to plant lice." — Goff,…

"Lady-bird beetles, or "lady bugs." These beetles are very destructive to plant lice." — Goff, 1904

Ladybug

"Lady-bird beetles, or "lady bugs." These beetles are very destructive to plant lice." — Goff,…

"Lady-bird beetles, or "lady bugs." These beetles are very destructive to plant lice." — Goff, 1904

Ladybug

"Lady-bird beetles, or "lady bugs." These beetles are very destructive to plant lice." — Goff,…

Laminaria saccharina belongs to the group Laminariæ, a group of algæ belonging to the Phæosporeæ, a subdivision of the Phæosphyceæ, or brown seaweeds. The propagative cells are always swarm-spores of similar form and size; and these are produced in unilocular sporangia. The thallus has a stalk, often of considerable thickness, which is attached below to rocks or other substratum by means of rootlike growth, and ends above in a flat lamina, which may be divided or undivided.

Laminaria Saccharina

Laminaria saccharina belongs to the group Laminariæ, a group of algæ belonging to the Phæosporeæ,…

Lamium album (also known as the white dead-nettle, or archangel) is a member of the Lamium, a genus of Labiatæ, whose flowers are marked by possessing four stamens longer than the corolla tube, a bell-shaped calyx with five teeth, and a two-lipped corolla, the upper lip being arched, the lower trifid and spreading. It has been naturalized in America and has a square stem and white flowers with black stamens.

Lamium Album

Lamium album (also known as the white dead-nettle, or archangel) is a member of the Lamium, a genus…

Shaped like a spear head, broadest near base, tapering to apex, and several times as long as broad.

Lanceolate

Shaped like a spear head, broadest near base, tapering to apex, and several times as long as broad.

Larch, or Larix, is a genus of hardy, deciduous, coniferous trees of very graceful habit. They bear monoecious flowers, the male catkins being small and oval, whilst the female ones are much longer. The leaves are bright green, linear, soft, and usually produced in short bundles on each side of the spray. They appear very early in the spring. The timber, which is very hard and tough, is much used in shipbuilding and for railway sleepers, and in cabinet work is capable of taking a very high polish. The species most commonly planted is 'L. europaea', whcich grows to about 100 ft in height. Other species are 'L. occidentalis', a tall and handsome American tree and 'L. laricina', the tamarack, or hackmatack, of North America. This is a straggling tree, most common in swampy soils, with smaller cones than has the the European species. It reaches a height of 70 ft., and the wood is valuable for the same purposes as that of other larches. (1. Scale of cone with two seeds; 2. anther)

Larch, Cone and Flowers (male and female)

Larch, or Larix, is a genus of hardy, deciduous, coniferous trees of very graceful habit. They bear…