ClipArt ETC
"Draw lines parallel to AB and CD at distant R from them. The intersection of these lines will be center of the required arc." —French, 1911

Draw Arc of Given radius R Tangent to Two Given Lines

"Draw lines parallel to AB and CD at distant R from them. The intersection of these lines will be center…

Uniting the theories of partial polygons of resistance and centres and lines of resistance, this buttress of blocks illustrates the tangential curve that is the line of pressures.

Buttress of Blocks

Uniting the theories of partial polygons of resistance and centres and lines of resistance, this buttress…

An illustration showing how to construct the center and radius of a circle that will tangent a given circle and line. "Through the given point C, draw the line EF at right angles to AB; set off from C the radius r of the given circle. Join G and F. With G and F as centers draw the arc crosses m and n. Join mn, and where it crosses the line EF is the center of the required circle."

Construction Of A Center And Radius Of A Circle That Will Tangent A Given Circle And Line

An illustration showing how to construct the center and radius of a circle that will tangent a given…

An illustration showing how to construct the center and radius of a circle that will tangent a given circle and line. "From C, erect the perpendicular CG; set off the given radius r from C to H. With H as a center and r as radius, draw the cross arcs on the circle. Through the cross arcs draw the line IG; then G is the center of the circle arc FIC, which tangents the line at C and the circle at F."

Construction Of A Center And Radius Of A Circle That Will Tangent A Given Circle And Line

An illustration showing how to construct the center and radius of a circle that will tangent a given…

An illustration showing how to construct the center and radius of a circle that will tangent a given circle. "Through the given point C, draw the tangent GF; bisect the angle FGE; then o is the center of the required circle that will tangent AB at C, and the line DE."

Construction Of A Center And Radius Of A Circle That Will Tangent A Given Circle

An illustration showing how to construct the center and radius of a circle that will tangent a given…

An illustration showing how to construct a center and radius of a circle that will tangent the three sides of a triangle. "Bisect two of the angles in the triangle, and the crossing C is the center of the required circle."

Construction Of The Center And Radius Of A Circle Tangent To Triangle Sides

An illustration showing how to construct a center and radius of a circle that will tangent the three…

"Attach a ball, for instance, to a cord; and , fastening the end of the cord at a point, O, give a quick impulse to the ball. It will be found to move in a circle, ABCD, because the cord keeps it within a certain distance of the centre (sic). Were it not for this, it would move in a straight line." —Quackenbos 1859

Centrifugal Force

"Attach a ball, for instance, to a cord; and , fastening the end of the cord at a point, O, give a quick…

"The instant one of the strings is let go, the centrifugal force carries off the stone in a tangent to the circle it was describing." —Quackenbos 1859

Centrifugal Force

"The instant one of the strings is let go, the centrifugal force carries off the stone in a tangent…

An illustration showing how to construct a circle arc without recourse to its center, but its chord AB and height h being given. "With the chord as radius, and A and B as centers, draw the dotted circle arcs AC and BD. Through the point O draw the lines AOo and BOo. Make the arcs Co=Ao and Do=Bo. Divide these arcs into any desired number of equal parts, and number them as shown on the illustration. Join A and B with the divisions, and the crossings of equal numbers are points in the circle arc."

Construction Of A Circle Arc

An illustration showing how to construct a circle arc without recourse to its center, but its chord…

An illustration showing how to construct a circle tangent to a given line and given circle. "Add the given radius r to the radius R of the circle, and draw the arc cd. Draw the line ce parallel with and at a distance r from the line AB. Then the crossing c is the center of the required circle that will tangent the given line and circle."

Construction Of A Circle Tangent To A Line And A Circle

An illustration showing how to construct a circle tangent to a given line and given circle. "Add the…

An illustration showing how to construct a circle that tangents two given lines and goes through a given point c on the line FC, which bisects the angle of the lines. "Through C draw AB at right angles to CF; bisect the angles DAB and EBA, and the crossing on CF is the center of the required circle."

Construction Of A Circle That Tangents 2 Given Lines And Goes Through A Given Point

An illustration showing how to construct a circle that tangents two given lines and goes through a given…

An illustration showing how to construct a circle that tangents two given lines inclined to one another with the one tangenting point being given. "Draw the center line GF. From E, draw EF at right angles to AB; then F is the center of the circle required.

Construction Of A Circle That Tangents 2 Given Lines

An illustration showing how to construct a circle that tangents two given lines inclined to one another…

Illustration used to show that "If two tangents are drawn from any given point to a circle, those tangents are equal."

Equal Tangents to Circle Theorem

Illustration used to show that "If two tangents are drawn from any given point to a circle, those tangents…

Illustration used to show that "A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of tangency."

Tangent to Perpendicular Radius Circle Theorem

Illustration used to show that "A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point…

A design created by inscribing 4 congruent tangent arcs in a circle.

Arcs Inscribed In A Circle

A design created by inscribing 4 congruent tangent arcs in a circle.

Illustration of a circle showing an angle included by a tangent and a chord drawn from the point of contact. The angle is measured by half the intercepted arc.

Circle With Chord and Tangent

Illustration of a circle showing an angle included by a tangent and a chord drawn from the point of…

Illustration of a circle with diameter AB. Radii are RO, SO, AO, and BO. ED is a chord.

Chords, Diameters, and Radii of a Circle

Illustration of a circle with diameter AB. Radii are RO, SO, AO, and BO. ED is a chord.

Illustration of a circle with diameter BC, chord DF, secant MN, and tangent HK.

Chords, Secants, Diameters, and Tangents of a Circle

Illustration of a circle with diameter BC, chord DF, secant MN, and tangent HK.

Illustration of a decagon circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed in a decagon.

Decagon Circumscribed About A Circle

Illustration of a decagon circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed…

Illustration of a decagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a decagon.

Decagon Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a decagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed…

Illustration of a dodecagon circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed in a dodecagon.

Dodecagon Circumscribed About A Circle

Illustration of a dodecagon circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed…

Illustration of a dodecagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a dodecagon.

Dodecagon Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a dodecagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed…

Illustration of a hexagon in a circle. Four of the six vertices of the hexagon are bound by the circle (are tangent to the circle). Because all six vertices are not on the circle, the hexagon is not cyclic; it is not inscribed in the circle.

Hexagon In A Circle

Illustration of a hexagon in a circle. Four of the six vertices of the hexagon are bound by the circle…

A design created by dividing a circle into 4 equal arcs and reflecting each arc toward the center of the circle. The arcs are inverted.

Reflected Arcs Of A Circle

A design created by dividing a circle into 4 equal arcs and reflecting each arc toward the center of…

Illustration of a regular heptagon/septagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a regular heptagon/septagon.

Regular Heptagon/Septagon Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a regular heptagon/septagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle…

Illustration of a regular hexagon circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed in a regular hexagon.

Regular Hexagon Circumscribed About A Circle

Illustration of a regular hexagon circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle…

Illustration of a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a regular hexagon.

Regular Hexagon Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed…

Illustration of a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a regular hexagon. All diagonals of the hexagon are also diameters of the circle. The diagonals intersect at the center of both the hexagon and the circle.

Regular Hexagon Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed…

Illustration of a regular nonagon circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed in a regular nonagon.

Regular Nonagon Circumscribed About A Circle

Illustration of a regular nonagon circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle…

Illustration of a regular nonagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a regular nonagon.

Regular Nonagon Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a regular nonagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed…

Illustration of a regular octagon circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed in a regular octagon.

Regular Octagon Circumscribed About A Circle

Illustration of a regular octagon circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle…

Illustration of a regular octagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a regular octagon.

Regular Octagon Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a regular octagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed…

Illustration of a regular pentagon circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed in a regular pentagon.

Regular Pentagon Circumscribed About A Circle

Illustration of a regular pentagon circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle…

Illustration of a regular pentagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a regular pentagon.

Regular Pentagon Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a regular pentagon inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed…

Illustrations of a circle with secant AD and line BC tangent to it.

Circle with Secant and Point of Tangency

Illustrations of a circle with secant AD and line BC tangent to it.

Illustration of a square, with diagonals drawn, circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed in a square. The diagonals of the square intersect at the center of both the square and the circle. The diagonals coincide with the diameter of the circle.

Square Circumscribed About A Circle

Illustration of a square, with diagonals drawn, circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described…

Illustration of a square, with 1 diagonals drawn, circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed in a square. The diagonal goes through the center of both the square and the circle and coincides with the diameter of the circle.

Square Circumscribed About A Circle

Illustration of a square, with 1 diagonals drawn, circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described…

Illustration of a square circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed in a square.

Square Circumscribed About A Circle

Illustration of a square circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed…

Illustration of a square inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a square.

Square Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a square inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed…

Illustration of a square inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a square. The diagonal of the square is also the diameter of the circle.

Square Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a square inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed…

Illustration of a square, with diagonals drawn, inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a square. The diagonals, which are also the diameter of the circle, intersect at the center of both the square and the circle.

Square Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a square, with diagonals drawn, inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as…

Illustration of a 6-point star (convex dodecagon) circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed in a 6-point star, or convex dodecagon.

Star Circumscribed About A Circle

Illustration of a 6-point star (convex dodecagon) circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described…

Illustration of an 8-point star (convex polygon) circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed in an 8-point star, or convex polygon.

Star Circumscribed About A Circle

Illustration of an 8-point star (convex polygon) circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described…

Illustration of a 5-point star inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a 5-point star.

Star Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a 5-point star inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed…

Illustration of a 6-point star created by two equilateral triangles (often described as the Star of David) inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a 6-point star, or two triangles.

Star Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a 6-point star created by two equilateral triangles (often described as the Star of…

Illustration of a 6-point star (convex dodecagon) inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about a 6-point star, or convex dodecagon.

Star Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of a 6-point star (convex dodecagon) inscribed in a circle. This can also be described…

Illustration of an 8-point star, created by two squares at 45° rotations, inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about an 8-point star, or two squares.

Star Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of an 8-point star, created by two squares at 45° rotations, inscribed in a circle.…

Illustration of an 8-point star, or convex polygon, inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about an 8-point star.

Star Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of an 8-point star, or convex polygon, inscribed in a circle. This can also be described…

Circle with secant and tangent drawn.

Circle With Tangent and Secant

Circle with secant and tangent drawn.

Illustration of a circle with a tangent drawn - a straight line perpendicular to a radius at its extremity.

Circle With Tangent Line Drawn

Illustration of a circle with a tangent drawn - a straight line perpendicular to a radius at its extremity.

Illustration of an equilateral triangle circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as a circle inscribed in an equilateral triangle.

Triangle Circumscribed About A Circle

Illustration of an equilateral triangle circumscribed about a circle. This can also be described as…

Illustration of an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle circumscribed about an equilateral triangle.

Triangle Inscribed In A Circle

Illustration of an equilateral triangle inscribed in a circle. This can also be described as a circle…

Illustration of a circle which illustrates that the tangents to a circle drawn from an external point are equal, and make equal angles with the line joining the point to the center.

Circle With Two Tangents Drawn From an External Point

Illustration of a circle which illustrates that the tangents to a circle drawn from an external point…

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane. The circle is divided into four quadrants by the x- and y- axes. The circle can be labeled and used to find the six trigonometric values (sin, cos, tan, cot, sec, csc, cot) at each of the quadrantal angles.

Unit Circle

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane. The…

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane with the x- and y-axes indicated. All quadrantal angles are given in radian measure in terms of pi.

Unit Circle Labeled At Quadrantal Angles

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane with…

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane with the x- and y-axes indicated. All quadrantal angles and angles that have reference angles of 30°, 45°, and 60° are given in radian measure in terms of pi. At each quadrantal angle, the coordinates are given. These coordinates can be used to find the six trigonometric values/ratios. The x-coordinate is the value of cosine at the given angle and the y-coordinate is the value of sine. From those ratios, the other 4 trigonometric values can be calculated.

Unit Circle Labeled At Special Angles

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane with…

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane with the x- and y-axes indicated. All quadrantal angles and angles that have reference angles of 30°, 45°, and 60° are given in radian measure in terms of pi.

Unit Circle Labeled At Special Angles

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane with…

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane with the x- and y-axes indicated. At 30° increments, the angles are given in both radian and degree measure. At each angle, the coordinates are given. These coordinates can be used to find the six trigonometric values/ratios. The x-coordinate is the value of cosine at the given angle and the y-coordinate is the value of sine. From those ratios, the other 4 trigonometric values can be calculated.

Unit Circle Labeled In 30° Increments With Values

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane with…

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane with the x- and y-axes indicated. The circle is marked and labeled in both radians and degrees in 45° increments. At each angle, the coordinates are given. These coordinates can be used to find the six trigonometric values/ratios. The x-coordinate is the value of cosine at the given angle and the y-coordinate is the value of sine. From those ratios, the other 4 trigonometric values can be calculated.

Unit Circle Labeled In 45 ° Increments

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane with…

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane with the x- and y-axes indicated. At 45° increments, the angles are given in both radian and degree measure. At each quadrantal angle, the coordinates are given. These coordinates can be used to find the six trigonometric values/ratios. The x-coordinate is the value of cosine at the given angle and the y-coordinate is the value of sine. From those ratios, the other 4 trigonometric values can be calculated.

Unit Circle Labeled In 45° Increments With Values

Illustration of a unit circle (circle with a radius of 1) superimposed on the coordinate plane with…