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"The proportions of the human figure. As handed down to us by Vitruvius and described by Joseph Bonomi." —D'Anvers, 1895

Proportions of human figure

"The proportions of the human figure. As handed down to us by Vitruvius and described by Joseph Bonomi."…

"The column was originally surmounted by a colossal statue of Trajan (replaced in the seventh century by one of St. Peter), and contains no less than 2500 human figures and a great number of horses." —D'Anvers, 1895

Relief of Trajan Column

"The column was originally surmounted by a colossal statue of Trajan (replaced in the seventh century…

A family of spinyrayed fished allied to the mackerels. They attain a length of fifteen feet, and have the bones of the upper jaw consolidated to a widely distributed in the open seas of tropical and sub-tropical climes, and being quite strong and swift.

Swordfish

A family of spinyrayed fished allied to the mackerels. They attain a length of fifteen feet, and have…

This diagram shows a side view of the right eye of man. a.c., central artery; a.h., aqueous humor; b., blind spot, the entrance of the optic nerve; c, conjunctiva; ch., choroid layer of the eye-ball; c.l., crystalline lens; c.m.c., circular fibers of the ciliary muscles; c.m.r., radial fibers of the ciliary muscles; co., cornea, the transparent portion of the sclerotic; c.p., ciliary process; c.s., canal of Schlemm, a lymphatic vessel; fo., fovea centralis, the point of clearest vision; o.n., optic nerve; o.s., ora serrata, the anterior wavy margin of the visual portion of the retina; r, the retinal layer; sc., sclerotic layer; sh., sheath of theoptic nerve; v.h., vitreous humor.

Human Eye

This diagram shows a side view of the right eye of man. a.c., central artery; a.h., aqueous humor; b.,…

This diagram shows the bones of the right fore-arm. H, the humerus; R, the radius; and U, the ulna.

Forearm Bones

This diagram shows the bones of the right fore-arm. H, the humerus; R, the radius; and U, the ulna.

This diagram shows the bones of the hand and of the wrist.

Hand

This diagram shows the bones of the hand and of the wrist.

This illustration shows a side view of the human skeleton.

Human Skeleton

This illustration shows a side view of the human skeleton.

This illustration shows a front view of the human skeleton.

Human Skeleton

This illustration shows a front view of the human skeleton.

In the later Greek writings the word psyche occurs as a personification of the human soul.

Psyche

In the later Greek writings the word psyche occurs as a personification of the human soul.

A frontal view of the human muscles. The right half shows superficial muscles and the left half shows deep muscles.

Muscles

A frontal view of the human muscles. The right half shows superficial muscles and the left half shows…

A section of the human eye.

Eye

A section of the human eye.

A bone in the human skull that consists of two portions, a vertical portion and a horizontal portion. This bone does a part in protecting your brain from harm.

Frontal Bone

A bone in the human skull that consists of two portions, a vertical portion and a horizontal portion.…

A bone in the human skull that consists of two portions, a vertical portion and a horizontal portion. This bone does a part in protecting your brain from harm.

Frontal Bone

A bone in the human skull that consists of two portions, a vertical portion and a horizontal portion.…

Bones situated at the sides and base of the skull. Each consists of five parts: the squama, the petrous, mastoid, and tympanic parts, and the styloid process.

Temporal Bone

Bones situated at the sides and base of the skull. Each consists of five parts: the squama, the petrous,…

The largest bones of the face, excepting the mandible, and form, by their union, the whole of the upper jaw.

Maxilla

The largest bones of the face, excepting the mandible, and form, by their union, the whole of the upper…

The largest bones of the face, excepting the mandible, and form, by their union, the whole of the upper jaw.

Maxilla

The largest bones of the face, excepting the mandible, and form, by their union, the whole of the upper…

The bones of palmar surface of the left hand.

Hand

The bones of palmar surface of the left hand.

The bones of dorsal surface of the left hand.

Hand

The bones of dorsal surface of the left hand.

A plan of the development of the bones of the hand.

Hand Development

A plan of the development of the bones of the hand.

The dorsal surface of the bones in the right foot.

Foot Bones

The dorsal surface of the bones in the right foot.

The plantar surface of the bones in the right foot.

Foot Bones

The plantar surface of the bones in the right foot.

A top view of the human brain.

Brain

A top view of the human brain.

The skeletal hand of a human.

Skeletal Hand

The skeletal hand of a human.

"Blood corpuscles (human). c, colored; l, leucocytes. The red cells tend to collect in rows with the sides in contact." — Galloway

Blood Corpuscles

"Blood corpuscles (human). c, colored; l, leucocytes. The red cells tend to collect in rows with the…

Coffer and bones, the remains of Columbus.

Coffer

Coffer and bones, the remains of Columbus.

The frontal view of a human face.

Human Head

The frontal view of a human face.

The rear view of a human face.

Human Head

The rear view of a human face.

Winged human figure with the crowned head of a condor, from the central row on the monolithic doorway. Details that show Tiahuanacu existed.

Bas-Relief

Winged human figure with the crowned head of a condor, from the central row on the monolithic doorway.…

A winged human figure with human head crowned, from the upper row on the monolithic doorway. Details that show Tiahuanacu existed.

Bas-Relief

A winged human figure with human head crowned, from the upper row on the monolithic doorway. Details…

The outer outline is that of the skull found in the cave of Cromagnon, in France, belogning, as Dawson says, to one of the oldest human inhabitants of western Europe, as shown in Lartet and Christy's <em>Reliquiae Aquitanicae</em>. The second outline is that of the Enghis skull; the dotted outline that of the Neanderthal skull. The shaded skull is on a smaller scale, but preserving the true outline, and is one of the Hochelaga Indians (site of Montreal).

Skull

The outer outline is that of the skull found in the cave of Cromagnon, in France, belogning, as Dawson…

"Treatment of fracture of both bones of the forearm." &mdash; Richardson, 1906

Splint

"Treatment of fracture of both bones of the forearm." — Richardson, 1906

Human legs are not unfrequently born as charges in Heraldry, sometimes naked, sometimes booted, and they may even be couped.

Charge

Human legs are not unfrequently born as charges in Heraldry, sometimes naked, sometimes booted, and…

"A genus of insects, the type of a very numerous family, which forms the order Parasita or Auoplura. The body is flattened, almost transparent; the segments both of the thorax and abdomen very distinct; the mouth is small and tubular, enclosing a sucker; there are no wings; the legs are short, and are terminated by a claw adapted for taking hold of hairs or feathers. The eyes are simple, one or two on each side of the head. All the species are small, and live parasitically, on human beings, terrestrial mammalia, and birds." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Magnified Louse

"A genus of insects, the type of a very numerous family, which forms the order Parasita or Auoplura.…

"The name of a Babylonian god, who, in the first year of the foundation of Babylon, is said to have come out of the Persian Gulf, or the old Erythraean Sea, adjoining Babylon. He is described as having the head and body of a fish, to which were added a human head and feet under the fish's head and at the sail. He lived amongst men during the daytime, without, however, taking any food, and retired at sunset to the sea, from which he had emerged." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Oannes

"The name of a Babylonian god, who, in the first year of the foundation of Babylon, is said to have…

"The prey of a serpent is oven thicker than the serpent itself, and to admit of its being swallowed, the throat and body are very dilatable. The bones of the head are adapted to the necessity of a great expansion of the mouth and dilation of the throat." &mdash; Chambers, 1881

Serpent Head

"The prey of a serpent is oven thicker than the serpent itself, and to admit of its being swallowed,…

"The skeleton of the Chacma Baboon." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

Chacma Baboon

"The skeleton of the Chacma Baboon." — Encyclopedia Britanica, 1893

The organ of attachment of a vertebrate embryo or fetus to the wall of the uterus or womb of the female.

Human Placenta

The organ of attachment of a vertebrate embryo or fetus to the wall of the uterus or womb of the female.

The sole of a human foot.

Plantar Arch

The sole of a human foot.

A fish with a broad flat skull, deformed from synosteosis of frontal and parietal bones.

Flathead

A fish with a broad flat skull, deformed from synosteosis of frontal and parietal bones.

A human hand with more than the normal number of fingers.

Hand

A human hand with more than the normal number of fingers.

"The Abdominal Viscera <em>in situ</em>, as seen when the abdomin is laid open and the great omentum removed. The ribs on the right side are indicated by Roman numerals; it will be observed that the eighth costal cartilage articulated with the sternum on both sides." &mdash;Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Abdomen

"The Abdominal Viscera in situ, as seen when the abdomin is laid open and the great omentum…

"Upper aspect of the primordial cranium, with the membrane-bones removed. An, angular; ao, anteorbital; Ar, articulary; B, basal; D, dentary; E, ethmoid; F, frontal; Ma, mastoid; Mp, metapterygold; Mx, maxillary; N, nasal; O, operculum; Oc, occipital; Pa, parietal; Pl, palatine; Pmx, premaxillary; po, postorbital; Prf, prefrontal; Pt, post-temporals; Ptf, postfrontal; Ptr, pterygold; Q, quadrate; S, suspensorium; So, suboperculum; Sp, sphenold; Spl, splenial; St, supratemporals; T, tympanic lamina; Tu, turbinal; v, vomer; x x, small ossicles; x' x', spiraculars." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Polypterus Skull

"Upper aspect of the primordial cranium, with the membrane-bones removed. An, angular; ao, anteorbital;…

"Lower aspect of the primordial cranium, with the membrane-bones removed. An, angular; ao, anteorbital; Ar, articulary; B, basal; D, dentary; E, ethmoid; F, frontal; Ma, mastoid; Mp, metapterygold; Mx, maxillary; N, nasal; O, operculum; Oc, occipital; Pa, parietal; Pl, palatine; Pmx, premaxillary; po, postorbital; Prf, prefrontal; Pt, post-temporals; Ptf, postfrontal; Ptr, pterygold; Q, quadrate; S, suspensorium; So, suboperculum; Sp, sphenold; Spl, splenial; St, supratemporals; T, tympanic lamina; Tu, turbinal; v, vomer; x x, small ossicles; x' x', spiraculars." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Polypterus Skull

"Lower aspect of the primordial cranium, with the membrane-bones removed. An, angular; ao, anteorbital;…

"Side view, with the membrane-bones. An, angular; ao, anteorbital; Ar, articulary; B, basal; D, dentary; E, ethmoid; F, frontal; Ma, mastoid; Mp, metapterygold; Mx, maxillary; N, nasal; O, operculum; Oc, occipital; Pa, parietal; Pl, palatine; Pmx, premaxillary; po, postorbital; Prf, prefrontal; Pt, post-temporals; Ptf, postfrontal; Ptr, pterygold; Q, quadrate; S, suspensorium; So, suboperculum; Sp, sphenold; Spl, splenial; St, supratemporals; T, tympanic lamina; Tu, turbinal; v, vomer; x x, small ossicles; x' x', spiraculars." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Polypterus Skull

"Side view, with the membrane-bones. An, angular; ao, anteorbital; Ar, articulary; B, basal; D, dentary;…

"Lower aspect of the skull, part of the bones being removed on the side. An, angular; ao, anteorbital; Ar, articulary; B, basal; D, dentary; E, ethmoid; F, frontal; Ma, mastoid; Mp, metapterygold; Mx, maxillary; N, nasal; O, operculum; Oc, occipital; Pa, parietal; Pl, palatine; Pmx, premaxillary; po, postorbital; Prf, prefrontal; Pt, post-temporals; Ptf, postfrontal; Ptr, pterygold; Q, quadrate; S, suspensorium; So, suboperculum; Sp, sphenold; Spl, splenial; St, supratemporals; T, tympanic lamina; Tu, turbinal; v, vomer; x x, small ossicles; x' x', spiraculars." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Polypterus Skull

"Lower aspect of the skull, part of the bones being removed on the side. An, angular; ao, anteorbital;…

The radial bone in the human arm.

Radius

The radial bone in the human arm.

The ulna bone in the human arm.

Ulna

The ulna bone in the human arm.

A ground shrub which when brushed against by a human causes itching.

Poison Ivy

A ground shrub which when brushed against by a human causes itching.

"The sacred name of the founder of Buddhism, an Indian sage who appears to have lived in the 5th century B.C. His personal name was Siddhartha, and his family name Gautama; and he is often called also Sakya-muni. His father was the king of Kapilavastu, a few days' journey north of Benares. Siddhartha, filled with a deep compassion for the human race, left his father's court, and lived for years in solitude and contemplation till he had penetrated the mysteries of life and become the Buddha. He then began to teach his new faith, in opposition to the prevailing Brahmanism, commencing at Benares. Among his earliest converts where the monarchs of Magadha and Kosala, in whose kingdoms he chiefly passed the latter portion of his life, respected, honored, and protected." &mdash; Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Buddha

"The sacred name of the founder of Buddhism, an Indian sage who appears to have lived in the 5th century…

"Skeleton of Egyptian Vulture. (Neophron percnopterus), to show bones of bird. a, post-orbital process; b, lower jaw; c, cervical vertebra; co, coracoid bone; d, humerus; e, radius; f, ulna; g, metacarpus; h, second phalanx of chief digit of wing; h, phalanges of lower digit; h'', first phalanx of chief digit; i, clavicle; k, sternum; l, pelvis; m, coccyx; n, femur; o, tibia; p, tarso-metatarsus; q, phalanges of foot." &mdash; Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Vulture Skeleton

"Skeleton of Egyptian Vulture. (Neophron percnopterus), to show bones of bird. a, post-orbital process;…

"A. Pelvis and bones of the leg of the Leon or Diver; i, Innominate bone; f, Thighbone (femur); r, Tibia; r, Fibula, together forming the shank; m, Tarso-metatarsus; p Phalanges of the toes. B, Tail of the Golden Eagle; s, Ploughshare-shaped bone, carrying the great tail-feathers." &mdash; Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Diver Bones

"A. Pelvis and bones of the leg of the Leon or Diver; i, Innominate bone; f, Thighbone (femur); r, Tibia;…

"The external bones of the temple are supposed to be removed in order to render visible the muscular arrangements. The muscle, 1, raises the eye-lid, and is constantly in action while we are awake. During sleep, the muscle being in repose and relaxed, the eye-lid falls and protects the eye from the action of light. The muscle, 4, turns the eye upwards; 5, downwards; 6, outwards; and a corresponding one on the inside, not seen in the figure, turns it inwards. No. 2 and 10 turn the eye round its axis. No. 11 is the great optic nerve, which conveys the sensation to the brain. If this nerve were cut, notwithstanding the eye might be in other respects perfect, the sense of sight would be destroyed." &mdash;Wells, 1857

Eye Muscles

"The external bones of the temple are supposed to be removed in order to render visible the muscular…

"The earring is an exquisite illustration of Greek skill in the introduction of the human figure; the rosette for concealing the hook beautifully wrought." &mdash;The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Earring

"The earring is an exquisite illustration of Greek skill in the introduction of the human figure; the…

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides between the two hip bones.

Human Sacrum

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides between the two hip bones.

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides in between the two hip bones.

Human Sacrum

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides in between the two hip bones.

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides inbetween the two hip bones.

Bird Sacrum

A large triangular bone as the base of the spine. Resides inbetween the two hip bones.

"The bones of the arm. a, humerus; b, ulna; c, radius; d, the carpus; e, the fifth metacarpal; f, the three phalanges of the fifth digit (little finger)." &mdash;Martin, 1917

Arm Bones

"The bones of the arm. a, humerus; b, ulna; c, radius; d, the carpus; e, the fifth metacarpal; f, the…

"Bones of the leg. a, femur; b, tibia; c, fibula; d, tarsal bones; e, metatarsal bones; f, phalanges; g, patella." &mdash;Martin, 1917

Leg Bones

"Bones of the leg. a, femur; b, tibia; c, fibula; d, tarsal bones; e, metatarsal bones; f, phalanges;…

"It is worthy of note that, owing to the oblique direction in which the muscles are commonly inserted into the bones, much of their force is lost so far as producing movement is concerned. Suppose the log of wood in the diagram to be raised by pulling on the rope in the direction a; it is clear at first that the rope will act at a great disadvantage; most of the pull transmitted by it will be exerted against the pivot on which the log hinges, and only a small fraction be available for elevating the latter. But the more the log is lifted, as for example into the position indicated by the dotted lines, the more useful will be the direction of the pull, and the more of it will be spend on the log and the less lost unavailingly in merely increasing the pressure at the hinge." &mdash;Martin, 1917

Oblique Pull

"It is worthy of note that, owing to the oblique direction in which the muscles are commonly inserted…

"The mouth, nose and pharynx, with the commencement of the gullet and larynx, as exposed by a section, a little to the left of the median plane of the head. a, vertebral column; b, gullet; c, wind-pipe; d, larynx; e, epiglottis; f, soft palate; g, opning of eustachian tube; k, tongue; l, hard palate; m, the sphenoid bone on the base of the skull; n, the fore part of the cranial cavity; o, p, q, the turbinate bones of the outer side of the left nostril-chamber." &mdash;Martin, 1917

Mouth

"The mouth, nose and pharynx, with the commencement of the gullet and larynx, as exposed by a section,…