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"Now it is the inclination of the Earth's axis, as above described, which causes the lengths of the days and nights to differ at the same place at different seasons of the year, for on reviewing the positions of the globe at A, it will be observed that the line formed by the enlightened and dark hemispheres, does not coincide with the line of the axis and the pole, but that the line formed by the darkness and the light, extends obliquely across the line of the Earth's axis, so that the north pole is in the light while the south is in the dark. In the position A, therefore, an observer at the north pole would see the sun constantly, while another at the south pole would not see it at all. Hence those living in the north temperate zone, at the season of the year when the earth is at A, or in the Summer, would have long days and short nights, in proportion as they approached the polar circle; while those who live in the south temperate zone, at the same time, and when it would be Winter there, would have long nights and short days in the same proportion." —Comstock, 1850

Earth Axis

"Now it is the inclination of the Earth's axis, as above described, which causes the lengths of the…

The crab louse can live in almost any form of human hair, leading to its other common name of pubic louse.

Crab-louse

The crab louse can live in almost any form of human hair, leading to its other common name of pubic…

Monsters supposed to live in the ocean as drawn on old maps

Monsters

Monsters supposed to live in the ocean as drawn on old maps

These animalcule are so small that 1,000,000 are equal in bulk to only one cubic inch. They appear to live in the layers of water near the surface, and after death to fall gradually to the bottom of the sea.

Foraminifera

These animalcule are so small that 1,000,000 are equal in bulk to only one cubic inch. They appear to…

The lion is a mammal of the family Felidae and one of four "big cats" in the Genus <em>Panthera</em>. The lion is the second largest cat, after the tiger. The male lion, easily recognized by his mane, weighs between 330-500 lbs. In the wild, lions live for around 10-14 years, while in captivity they can live for 20 years. While once found throughout much of Africa, Asia and Europe, it is presently encountered in the wild only in Africa and in India.

Lion

The lion is a mammal of the family Felidae and one of four "big cats" in the Genus Panthera.…

Elephants are mammals, and the largest land animals alive today. The elephants gestation period is 22 months, the longest of any land animal. At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh 265 lbs. An elephant may live as long as 70 years, sometimes longer.

Elephant

Elephants are mammals, and the largest land animals alive today. The elephants gestation period is 22…

The face of a Malaysian.

Malay

The face of a Malaysian.

The whirligig beetles are a family (Gyrinidae) of water beetles that normally live on the surface of the water. They get their common name from their habit of swimming rapidly in circles when alarmed, and are also notable for their divided eyes which can see both above and below water.

Whirligig Beetle Larva

The whirligig beetles are a family (Gyrinidae) of water beetles that normally live on the surface of…

Teeth of a frugivore (fruit-eating animal). Animals that live on soft fruits do not need such grinders as grass-eating animals do, instead they have rounded teeth which serve to crush their food.

Teeth of a Frugivore

Teeth of a frugivore (fruit-eating animal). Animals that live on soft fruits do not need such grinders…

A thin slice through the skin. Labels: a, dead part; d, live part of the epidermis; ar, artery; e, sweat glands; n, nerves.

Section of the Skin

A thin slice through the skin. Labels: a, dead part; d, live part of the epidermis; ar, artery; e, sweat…

A lobule of a pig liver, magnified, showing the hepatic cells radially arranged around the central intralobular vein, and the connective tissue surrounding the lobule.

Liver Lobule of a Pig

A lobule of a pig liver, magnified, showing the hepatic cells radially arranged around the central intralobular…

Leaves - simple; alternate; lobed (the edge of the lobes entire, or of the larger ones sometimes wavy). Outline - reverse egg-shape. Apex - of the lobes, rounded. Base - wedge-shape. Leaf - six to fifteen inches long (the longest of the oak-leaves); smooth above, downy beneath; the lobes usually long and rather irregular, the middle ones longest and often extending nearly to the middle rib. Bark - of the young branches always marked with corky wings or ridges. Acorns - large, with short stems. Cup - two thirds to two inches across, roughly covered with pointed scales, and heavily fringed around the nut. Nut - very large (one to one and a half inches long); broad egg-shape; one half to two thirds or often wholly enclosed by the cup. Found - along the coast of Maine southward as far as the Penobscot, in Western New England, in Western New York, in Pennsylvania, and thence westward to the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains of Montana, and from Central Nebraska and Kansas southwest to the Indian Territory and Texas. It is found farther west and northwest than any other oak of the Atlantic forests. In the prairie region it forms a principal growth of the "Oak Openings." General Information - One of the most valuable and widely distributed oaks in North America, growing sixty to eighty feet in height, or more, with hard, tough wood resembling that of the White Oak. "The most interesting thing about this tree, perhaps is its power, quite unknown in the other White Oaks, of adapting itself to very different climatic conditions, which enables it to live in the humid climate of Maine and Vermont, to flourish in the somewhat drier climate of the Mississippi Valley, and to exist (still farther west) in the driest and most exposed region in habited by any of the Eastern America Oaks." - Sargent. Q. m. olivaformis is a variety found only in a few districts (near Albany and in Pennsylvania), having narrower and rather more deeply lobed leaves. Quercus, possible from a Celtic word meaning to inquire, because it was among the oaks that the Druids oftenest practised their rites.

Genus Quercus, L. (Oak)

Leaves - simple; alternate; lobed (the edge of the lobes entire, or of the larger ones sometimes wavy).…

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - long and narrow. Apex - pointed and bristle-tipped. Base - pointed. Leaf - three to six inches long; one to two inches wide; smooth and shining above; somewhat downy beneath; thick and stiff. Bark - smooth and unbroken. Acorns - small, nearly stemless. Cup - shallow. Nuts - rounded; about one half inch in diameter; bitter. October. Found - in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania (Porter), westward to Southeastern Iowa, and southward. Most common west of the Alleghany Mountains. General Information - A tree thirty to fifty feet high, with poor wood, that is used at the West for shingles and clapboards. Note: Of the nine hybrids that have been recognized, most are outside of our limits or entirely local. Mention need be made only of tow: Q. heterophylla, Michaux ("Bartram's Oak"). Staten Island and New Jersey to Delaware and North Carolina; Q. Rudkini, Britt., New Jersey. Quercus, possible from a Celtic word meaning to inquire, because it was among the oaks that the Druids oftenest practised their rites. The Oak "Live thy Life, Young and old, Like yon oak, Bright in spring, Living gold; Summer-rich, Then; and then Autumn-changed, Sober-hued Gold again. All his leaves fall'n at length, Look, he stands, Trunk and bough, Naked strength.: Alfred (Lord) Tennyson, 1889.

Genus Quercus, L. (Oak)

Leaves - simple; alternate; edge entire. Outline - long and narrow. Apex - pointed and bristle-tipped.…

"A song bird native to India, Malaysia and the Philippines, so named from its curious habit of sewing leaves together to form a nest." -Foster, 1921

Tailorbird

"A song bird native to India, Malaysia and the Philippines, so named from its curious habit of sewing…

The various types of oak leaves: "a. Bur oak, b. Live oak, c. Willow oak, d. White oak." -Foster, 1921

Oak Leaves

The various types of oak leaves: "a. Bur oak, b. Live oak, c. Willow oak, d. White oak." -Foster, 1921

A "long house" where up to fifty families would live, built by the Native American tribe, the Iroquois.

Iroquois Long House

A "long house" where up to fifty families would live, built by the Native American tribe, the Iroquois.

The leaf of a live-oak tree.

Live-Oak Leaf

The leaf of a live-oak tree.

British North Borneo Stamp (50 cents) from 1885

British North Borneo 50 Cents Stamp, 1885

British North Borneo Stamp (50 cents) from 1885

British North Borneo Revenue Stamp (3 cents) from 1886

British North Borneo Revenue Stamp Three Cents, 1886

British North Borneo Revenue Stamp (3 cents) from 1886

British North Borneo Stamp (5 dollars) from 1887

British North Borneo Five Dollars Stamp, 1887

British North Borneo Stamp (5 dollars) from 1887

Nicaragua Official Envelope (value unknown) from 1890

Nicaragua Unknown Value Official Envelope, 1890

Nicaragua Official Envelope (value unknown) from 1890

Egypt Official Stamp (value unknown) from 1864-1868

Egypt Official Stamp Unknown Value, 1864-1868

Egypt Official Stamp (value unknown) from 1864-1868

Egypt Official Stamp (value unknown) from 1868-1872

Egypt Official Stamp Unknown Value, 1868-1872

Egypt Official Stamp (value unknown) from 1868-1872

Iceland Official Stamp (2 aur.) from 1876

Iceland Official Stamp, 2 Aur, 1876

Iceland Official Stamp (2 aur.) from 1876

W&uuml;rtemberg Official Stamp (10 pfennig) from 1881

Würtemberg Zehn Pfennig Official Stamp, 1881

Würtemberg Official Stamp (10 pfennig) from 1881

India Official Stamp (3 pies) from 1890-1891

India, Three Pies Official Stamp, 1890-1891

India Official Stamp (3 pies) from 1890-1891

Sweden Official Stamp (12 ore) from 1874

Sweden Tolf Ore Official Stamp, 1874

Sweden Official Stamp (12 ore) from 1874

"Diagram of the progress of a dune, from a to be. The arrow flies with the wind. A live tree standing before the dune when it is at a will be buried by the advance to b. Another tree, previously killed and still covered by the dune, will be brought to light when it has reached b." -Johnson, 1910

Dune Progress

"Diagram of the progress of a dune, from a to be. The arrow flies with the wind. A live tree standing…

"One third of the sea bottom is covered with a soft gray ooze or mud made up entirely of the shells of minute animals which live in the surface waters."

Ooze

"One third of the sea bottom is covered with a soft gray ooze or mud made up entirely of the shells…

Of the orpine family (Crassulaceae), the live-forever or garden orpine (Sedum purpureum).

Live-Forever or Garden Orpine

Of the orpine family (Crassulaceae), the live-forever or garden orpine (Sedum purpureum).

A freshwater hydra, magnified. Example of an animal with no skeleton. There are animals without a skeleton that are not able to accomplish very powerful motions. Mot of them live in water where they are partly or wholly held up by the water and have only slow motions. Most are also very small and generally have no muscles.

Freshwater Hydra

A freshwater hydra, magnified. Example of an animal with no skeleton. There are animals without a skeleton…

A magnified block of the skin. Labels: a, dead part; d, live part of the epidermis; e, sweat glands; n, nerve endings.

Magnified Image of the Skin

A magnified block of the skin. Labels: a, dead part; d, live part of the epidermis; e, sweat glands;…

"Leaf of a live-forever (Sedum sp.), with a portion of the epidermis peeled back. Underneath the epidermis is the mesophyll." -Gager, 1916

Sedum Leaf

"Leaf of a live-forever (Sedum sp.), with a portion of the epidermis peeled back. Underneath the epidermis…

A thin diaphanous shell in which species of the genus Limnaea live. They can be found in the fresh waters of most countries.

Limnaea Stagnalis (Linnaeus)

A thin diaphanous shell in which species of the genus Limnaea live. They can be found in the fresh waters…

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating tide."

Voluta Undulata (Lamarck)

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating…

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating tide."

Voluta Cymbium (Linnaeus)

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating…

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating tide."

Voluta Delessertii (Petit)

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating…

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating tide."

Voluta Musica (Linn.)

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating…

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating tide."

Voluta Imperialis (Lamarck)

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating…

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating tide."

Voluta Scapha (Gmel.)

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating…

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating tide."

Voluta Vexillum (Chem.)

"The Volutes live in the sands near the shore; sometimes they are found high and dry, left by the retreating…

"Cuttlefish are probably the most interesting animals of [the cephalopoda] order. They live for five or six years, and lay eggs, which are large and generally found in clusters, and are known to fishermen as sea-grapes."

Sepia Officinalis (Linnaeus)

"Cuttlefish are probably the most interesting animals of [the cephalopoda] order. They live for five…

"The Tortoise will continue to live on for six months after it is deprived of its brain."

Skeleton of a Turtle

"The Tortoise will continue to live on for six months after it is deprived of its brain."

"Salamanders have the honor of appearing prominently in fabulous narratives. The Greeks believed that they could live in fire."

Land-Salamander

"Salamanders have the honor of appearing prominently in fabulous narratives. The Greeks believed that…

The Screamers are inhabitants of South America. They live isolated, in pairs, and are mild and peaceful in their nature.

Horned Screamer (Palamedea Cornuta)

The Screamers are inhabitants of South America. They live isolated, in pairs, and are mild and peaceful…

The Screamers are inhabitants of South America. They live isolated, in pairs, and are mild and peaceful in their nature.

Faithful Kamichi, or Crested Screamer

The Screamers are inhabitants of South America. They live isolated, in pairs, and are mild and peaceful…

"They walk with difficulty and their flight is clumsy. [They are] native to Malaysia, India and Sumatra.

Concave-Casqued Hornbill

"They walk with difficulty and their flight is clumsy. [They are] native to Malaysia, India and Sumatra.

"Oven-birds live singly or in pairs, in the plains of Chili, Brazil and Guiana."

Furnarius Rufus and Oven-Bird (Synallaxis Frontalis)

"Oven-birds live singly or in pairs, in the plains of Chili, Brazil and Guiana."

"When pressed by hunger it shows no fear in attacking live animals, which makes it dreaded by the shepherds along the coast of the Mediterranean."

The Fulvous Vulture

"When pressed by hunger it shows no fear in attacking live animals, which makes it dreaded by the shepherds…

"They fly in the spring and summer, in gardens and meadows. They live in companies, under a silky web, in which they pass the winter."

Pieris Brassicae

"They fly in the spring and summer, in gardens and meadows. They live in companies, under a silky web,…

"The Brown Tailed Moth is also very destructive to trees. The caterpillars live in quantities on the apple, pear and elm trees."

Liparis Chrysorrhoea

"The Brown Tailed Moth is also very destructive to trees. The caterpillars live in quantities on the…

"Wasps live in companies, which last only a year and are composed of males, females and workers. Their sting is larger than that of the bees, and is supplied with poison from a pouch placed at the base. The males have no sting."

Common Wasp (Vespa Vulgaris)

"Wasps live in companies, which last only a year and are composed of males, females and workers. Their…

"Toward the end of summer the nest may contain three thousand workers and many females, who live together in perfect harmony."

Exterior of a Wasp's Nest on a Branch of a Tree

"Toward the end of summer the nest may contain three thousand workers and many females, who live together…

"Toward the end of summer the nest may contain three thousand workers and many females, who live together in perfect harmony."

Interior of a Wasp's Nest

"Toward the end of summer the nest may contain three thousand workers and many females, who live together…

"The insects of the genus <em>Sirex</em> belong to a species which lay their eggs in living wood, and their larvae live for amny years in the interior of this wood. The mandibles of the larvae are of great strength, capable of perforating lead."

Saw Fly (Sirex Gigas)

"The insects of the genus Sirex belong to a species which lay their eggs in living wood, and…

"These insects often feed upon matter in a state of putrefaction. They are nature's undertakers. A great number live on the skins and flesh of dried animals; some attack roots, bark, wood, leaves and fruits."

Cetonia Argentea

"These insects often feed upon matter in a state of putrefaction. They are nature's undertakers. A great…

"This represents the Goliaths. These insects often feed upon matter in a state of putrefaction. They are nature's undertakers. A great number live on the skins and flesh of dried animals; some attack roots, bark, wood, leaves and fruits."

Goliathus Derbyana

"This represents the Goliaths. These insects often feed upon matter in a state of putrefaction. They…

"This represents the Goliaths. These insects often feed upon matter in a state of putrefaction. They are nature's undertakers. A great number live on the skins and flesh of dried animals; some attack roots, bark, wood, leaves and fruits."

Goliathus Polyphemus

"This represents the Goliaths. These insects often feed upon matter in a state of putrefaction. They…

"This represents the Goliaths. These insects often feed upon matter in a state of putrefaction. They are nature's undertakers. A great number live on the skins and flesh of dried animals; some attack roots, bark, wood, leaves and fruits. The male of the Goliaths, found on the coast of Guiana."

Goliathus Cacicus (Male)

"This represents the Goliaths. These insects often feed upon matter in a state of putrefaction. They…

"They are met with in South America. The males have an extraordinary head. They fly during the day around the great trees on which they live."

Inca Clathrata

"They are met with in South America. The males have an extraordinary head. They fly during the day around…