ClipArt ETC
"Implements of the Stone Age. 1, saw-edged flint knife; 2, crescent-shaped flint knife; 3, stone ax; 4, flint flake-knife; 5, harpoon-head of flint; 6, flint knife."-Whitney, 1902

Stone Age Tools

"Implements of the Stone Age. 1, saw-edged flint knife; 2, crescent-shaped flint knife; 3, stone ax;…

"A plume composed of feathers arranged in imitation of the feathers on the head of the heron, and worn on helmets or by ladies as a part of their head-dress, etc."-Whitney, 1902

Aigret

"A plume composed of feathers arranged in imitation of the feathers on the head of the heron, and worn…

"A western emigrant train. The occupation of the west. With every year the line of settlements was pushed farther westward. Along the great highways, and by trails across the prairies, one might see long emigrant trains. Covered wagons contained the family goods and carried the women and children; the men marched behind or rode on horseback; they drove the sheep and cattle which they were taking to the new homes. These emigrants often formed large parties for better protection against Indians and wild beasts. They camped at night by streams of water when they could. They built their camp fires and kept guard all night, for they could hear the howling of wolves and sometimes see Indians stealing toward them. As they moved on, they would meet men and wagons coming from the opposite direction. Already the great West was sending back produce and droves of cattle and pigs to the Eastern markets."—Scudder, 1897

Western Train

"A western emigrant train. The occupation of the west. With every year the line of settlements was pushed…

"Anatomy of the external skeleton of an insect" — Goodrich, 1859

External Anatomy of an Insect Skeleton

"Anatomy of the external skeleton of an insect" — Goodrich, 1859

"The eyes, which are among the most wonderful objects in nature, are almost always of the kind called <em>compound</em>, that is to say, they consist of a multitude of little hexagonal facets, brought close together on each side of the head, each furnished with a cornea, a lens, a coating of pigment, and a nervous filament, and being in fact a true eye." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Eyes of a Bee

"The eyes, which are among the most wonderful objects in nature, are almost always of the kind called…

"a, head, antennae, &c; b, pharynx; c, crop; d, gizzard; e, chyle-forming stomach; f, biliary vessels; g, small intestine; h, secreting organs" &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Digestive Apparatus of an Insect

"a, head, antennae, &c; b, pharynx; c, crop; d, gizzard; e, chyle-forming stomach; f, biliary vessels;…

"Laying the Atlantic Cable. In 1866, a previous attempt in 1858 having failed, a telegraphic cable was laid upon the bed of the Atlantic between America and Europe. This cable was followed by others; but a closer connection between the United States and the Old World than any effected by the telegraph is formed by the constant passage back and forth of people. With the close of the war, immigration, which had suffered a check, increased rapidly. From 1871 to 1880 nearly three millions, and from 1881 to 1890, more than five millions, of people migrated to the United States. During the present decade, up to 1897, three millions of immigrants have swelled the population of the century. From 1789 to 1894, a period of one hundred and five years, the United States has absorbed an alien population of about eighteen millions."&mdash;Scudder, 1897

Atlantic Cable

"Laying the Atlantic Cable. In 1866, a previous attempt in 1858 having failed, a telegraphic cable was…

"The <em>S. nasicornis</em> is a European species, common in gardens, and is noted for a pair of curious conical horns upon its head." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Scarab Beetle

"The S. nasicornis is a European species, common in gardens, and is noted for a pair of curious…

"The <em>Elater striatus</em> of Caenne, is an inch long, of a black color, and striped upon the back." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Click Beetle

"The Elater striatus of Caenne, is an inch long, of a black color, and striped upon the back."…

"Examples of Greek Head-dresses (Ampyxes)."-Whitney, 1902

Ampyx

"Examples of Greek Head-dresses (Ampyxes)."-Whitney, 1902

"A plagiostomous fish. It is from 6 to 8 feet long, has a flat, roundish head, terminal mouth, and teerh broad at the base."-Whitney, 1902

Angelfish

"A plagiostomous fish. It is from 6 to 8 feet long, has a flat, roundish head, terminal mouth, and teerh…

"Section of Head of Sunflower. a, receptacle, or anthoclinium."-Whitney, 1902

Sunflower

"Section of Head of Sunflower. a, receptacle, or anthoclinium."-Whitney, 1902

"The most remarkable species is the Death's Head Moth, <em>Acherontia</em> Atropos</em>, a large kind, variegated with dark brown and yellow, bearing upon the back of the thorax a deep orange mark, presenting no inconsiderable resemblence to the front of a human skull." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Death's Head Moth

"The most remarkable species is the Death's Head Moth, Acherontia Atropos, a large kind,…

"In these the head is generally of considerable size, and is furnished with a pair of large, compressed eyes, which occupy nearly its whole surface. The legs are well-developed, the tarsi composed of five joints, terminated by a pair of claws; the abdominal rings are distinct." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Flies

"In these the head is generally of considerable size, and is furnished with a pair of large, compressed…

"In some species the larvae, which are small, sluggish, oval-shaped creatures, and furnished with a formidable pair of jaws, excavate conical pits in the sandy places which they inhabit, at the bottom of which they conceal themselves entirely, with the exception of the head and jaws." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Antlion and Larva

"In some species the larvae, which are small, sluggish, oval-shaped creatures, and furnished with a…

"They carry the air required for their respiration in a space left for this purpose between the wings and the back. They are very active and predaceous animals, and when captures, some of them often inflict a painful wound with their powerful rostru,. Several species may be met with in almost any piece of water." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Boat Fly

"They carry the air required for their respiration in a space left for this purpose between the wings…

"A Bolo is a short, broad, lance-shaped weapon; used by the Filiinos in their operations against the American troops. The blade is about 18 inches in length by nearly 3 inches in breadth at its broadest dimension. It tapers from the middle toward the haft as well as toward the point, making it strongly resemble the ancient short sword. It is not double edged, however, but tapers from a thick back to an extremely keen edge. In April 1904, the United States troops operating in the Philippines, were supplied with bolos."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Filipino Bolo

"A Bolo is a short, broad, lance-shaped weapon; used by the Filiinos in their operations against the…

"A Bolo is a short, broad, lance-shaped weapon; used by the Filiinos in their operations against the American troops. The blade is about 18 inches in length by nearly 3 inches in breadth at its broadest dimension. It tapers from the middle toward the haft as well as toward the point, making it strongly resemble the ancient short sword. It is not double edged, however, but tapers from a thick back to an extremely keen edge. In April 1904, the United States troops operating in the Philippines, were supplied with bolos."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Filipino Bolo Sheath

"A Bolo is a short, broad, lance-shaped weapon; used by the Filiinos in their operations against the…

"The breadfruit is a large, globular fruit of a pale-green color, about the size of a child's head, marked on the surface with irregular six-sided depressions, and containing a white and somewhat fibrous pulp, which when ripe becomes juicy and yellow. The tree that produces it grows wild in Tahiti and other islands of the South Seas. it is about 40 feet high, with large and spreading branches, and has large bright green leaves, deeply divided into seven or nine spear-shaped lobes. The eatable part of this fruit lies between the skin and the core, and it is as white as snow and somewhat of the consistence of new bread."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Breadfruit

"The breadfruit is a large, globular fruit of a pale-green color, about the size of a child's head,…

"The Brain is the encephalon, or center of the nervous system and the seat of consciousness and volition in man and the higher animals. Median Longitudinal Section through Head and Upper Part of Neck, to Show relation of Brain to Cranium and the Spinal Cord. <em>c,</em> cerebrum; <em>cb,</em> cerebellum; <em>sc,</em> spinal cord; <em>spc,</em> spinal column; <em>mo,</em> medulla oblongata passing, through foramen magnum, into the spinal cord; <em>pv,</em> pons Varolii; <em>cp,</em> cerebral peduncles or crura cerebri; <em>cqa,</em> anterior corpora quadrigemina; <em>cqp,</em> posterior corpora quadrigemina; <em>pg,</em> pineal gland; <em>pb,</em> pituitary body; <em>cc,</em> corpus collosum, divided transversely; <em>f,</em> fornix; <em>mg,</em> marginal gyrus; <em>gf,</em> gyrus fornicatus; <em>cmg,</em> calloso-marginal suleus; <em>O,</em> occipital lobe; <em>po,</em> parieto-occipital fissure; <em>cf,</em> calcarine fissure; <em>dm,</em>dura mater, separating cerebrum from cerebellum."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Human Brain

"The Brain is the encephalon, or center of the nervous system and the seat of consciousness and volition…

"The breadfruit is a large, globular fruit of a pale-green color, about the size of a child's head, marked on the surface with irregular six-sided depressions, and containing a white and somewhat fibrous pulp, which when ripe becomes juicy and yellow. The tree that produces it grows wild in Tahiti and other islands of the South Seas. it is about 40 feet high, with large and spreading branches, and has large bright green leaves, deeply divided into seven or nine spear-shaped lobes. The eatable part of this fruit lies between the skin and the core, and it is as white as snow and somewhat of the consistence of new bread."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Breadfruit Fruit

"The breadfruit is a large, globular fruit of a pale-green color, about the size of a child's head,…

"This order, sometimes called the <em>Pedipalpi</em>, or <em>feet-feelers</em>, and which derives its name from the Greek <em>polus</em>, many <em>mera</em>, divisions, and <em>somata</em>, bodies, includes two families, the first of which is the <em>Scorpiondae</em>, characterized by their elongated tail-like abdomen, armed at its extremity with a sort of hooked claw, which, when the creatures are in motion, is always carried over the back in a most threatening attitude." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Scorpion

"This order, sometimes called the Pedipalpi, or feet-feelers, and which derives its…

"In these the back is usually covered with spines and hairs. They generally live in deep water, and rarely approach the shore." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Spinous spider-crab

"In these the back is usually covered with spines and hairs. They generally live in deep water, and…

"The Common Barnacle, <em>Lepas anatifera</em>, perhaps the best-known example of the order, generally selects floating objects for this purpose, and frequently covers the bottoms of ships to such an extent as to even impede their progress through the water. It adheres by a flexible stalk, which possesses great contractile power. The shell is usually composed of two triangular pieces on each side, and is closed by another elongated piece on the back." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Barnacles

"The Common Barnacle, Lepas anatifera, perhaps the best-known example of the order, generally…

"Errantia means <em>wandering</em>, and is applied to numerous species, of which the Lob-worm or Lug-worm, <em>Arenicola piscatorum</em>, is a common example. This animal, much used by fishermen for bait, is nearly a foot long, and is found on sandy parts of the coast, where it bores into the sand left wet by the retiring tide; its head is large and rounded, quite destitute of eyes or tentacula, and furnished with a short, unarmed proboscis. The feet are very small, and confined to the anterior part of the body, while the branchial tufts, which are of considerable size, are placed on each side of the middle segments." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Lob-worm

"Errantia means wandering, and is applied to numerous species, of which the Lob-worm or Lug-worm,…

"The family <em>Nereidae</em> includes some elongated and distinctly annulated worms, which possess a well-developed head, furnished with tentacles and eyes, and a mouth with a proboscis, which is sometimes furnished with two or four teeth." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Nereis

"The family Nereidae includes some elongated and distinctly annulated worms, which possess…

"The body is composed of numerous joints or segments, each one resembling the others; these are often several hundreds in number, and the animal sinetunes attains a length of upwards of ten feet." It is furnished with hooks and suckers at the head, by means of which it anchors itself to the intestines of its victims." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Tape-worm

"The body is composed of numerous joints or segments, each one resembling the others; these are often…

"Camel is a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; a fissure in the upper lip; a long and arched neck; one or two humps or protuberances on the back; and a broad elastic foot ending in two small hoofs. The native country of the camel is said to extend from Morocco to China, within a zone of 900 or 1,000 miles in breadth. The common camel, having two humps, is found in the N. part of this region, and exclusively from the ancient Bactria, now Turkestan, to China. The dromedary, or single-humped camel is found throuhout the entire length of this zone. The camel will travel three days under a load and five days under a rider without drinking. It can live on little food, and of the coarsest kind. Camels which carry heavy burdens will do about 25 miles a day; those which are used for speed alone, from 60 to 90 miles a day. It lives from 40 to 50 years. The South American members of the family Camelid&aelig; contain the llama and alpaca; they have no humps."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Camel

"Camel is a genus of ruminant quadrupeds, characterized by the absence of horns; a fissure in the upper…

"The Canada Goose is an American wild goose 30 to 35 inches long, brownish above, lighter below, head, neck, bill and feet black, a white patch on the cheek; breeds in the N. of the continent and migrates S. when the frost becomes severe."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Canada Goose

"The Canada Goose is an American wild goose 30 to 35 inches long, brownish above, lighter below, head,…

"This may be considered as one of the greatest wonders of nature, it being a real animal, having blood, and feeding upon other marine animals, yet having the form of a plant, and living like a plant, fixed to a rock in the deep sea." &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Medusa's head pentacrinus

"This may be considered as one of the greatest wonders of nature, it being a real animal, having blood,…

"Cephalopoda is a class of mollusks, the highest in organization of the division of the animal kingdom. To this class belong the Nautili, Squids, Cuttle-fish, etc. The Cephalopoda receive their name from having organs of prehension and locomotion attached to the head, an arrangement toward which a gradual approach may be traced in the highest gasteropod mollusks."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cephalopoda

"Cephalopoda is a class of mollusks, the highest in organization of the division of the animal kingdom.…

"Chameleon is a genus of reptiles belonging to the Saurian or lizard-like order, a native of parts of Asia and Africa. The very remarkable power which these animals possess of changing their color, at a very early period called the attention of observers to their habits. Its skin is composed of a sort of small, scaly grains, and under ordinary circumstances is of a greenish gray color. The eyes are capable of moving independently of each other, taking different directions at the same moment."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Head of Chameleon

"Chameleon is a genus of reptiles belonging to the Saurian or lizard-like order, a native of parts of…

"Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus). a, top of plant; b, flowering head."-Whitney, 1902

Artichoke

"Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus). a, top of plant; b, flowering head."-Whitney, 1902

"Leather-back Turtle, also known as Soft-Shelled.-Whitney, 1902

Leather-back Turtle

"Leather-back Turtle, also known as Soft-Shelled.-Whitney, 1902

"Date Palm is a genus of palms, the most important species of which is the common date palm, the palm tree of Scripture, a native of the N. half of Africa, the S. W. of Asia, and some parts of India, and of which the cultivation is no less wide, and still extending. Some parts of China produce large crops. The stem, which is straight and simple, reaches a height of 30 to 60 feet, and bears a head of 40 to 80 glaucous pinnated leaves, 8 to 10 feet long, and a number of branching spadices, each of which on the female tree bears 180 to 200 fruits. A bunch of dates weighs 20 or 25 pounds, so that an average year's crop may be reckoned at 300 to 600 pounds per tree, and the yield per acre at about 12 times that of corn. This is one of the most important and useful of all the palms. In Egypt, and generally in North Africa, Persia, and Arabia, dates form the principal food, and date palms the principal wealth of the people."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Date Palm

"Date Palm is a genus of palms, the most important species of which is the common date palm, the palm…

"The Death's-head Moth is the European Acherontia Atropos, a hawk-moth with markings on the thorax resembling a skull or death's head, hence the name. It flies after sunset and emits peculiar sounds somewhat resembling the squeaking of a mouse, produced by the friction of the proboscis against the inner striated coatings of the palpi. It attacks beehives, scatters the bees, and steals the honey."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Death's Head Moth

"The Death's-head Moth is the European Acherontia Atropos, a hawk-moth with markings on the thorax resembling…

"The Death's-head Moth is the European Acherontia Atropos, a hawk-moth with markings on the thorax resembling a skull or death's head, hence the name. It flies after sunset and emits peculiar sounds somewhat resembling the squeaking of a mouse, produced by the friction of the proboscis against the inner striated coatings of the palpi. It attacks beehives, scatters the bees, and steals the honey."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Death's Head Moth Caterpillar

"The Death's-head Moth is the European Acherontia Atropos, a hawk-moth with markings on the thorax resembling…

"The Dragon Fly has a large, broad head, very freely attached to the thorax, and large, convex, prominent eyes, which often meet upon the crown of the head. Some 1,400 species have been described from all parts of the world."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Dragonfly

"The Dragon Fly has a large, broad head, very freely attached to the thorax, and large, convex, prominent…

"The Erne is one of the 'bare-legged' eagles. The genus includes some seven species, represented apparently in all parts of the world except South America. A notable species is the white-headed or bald eagle, the emblem of the United States. This erne is common in North America, both by the coasts and by inland lakes, and also occurs in Northern Europe. The general color is brown, but the head and neck of the adults are milky-white, and the same is true of the rounded tail."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Erne

"The Erne is one of the 'bare-legged' eagles. The genus includes some seven species, represented apparently…

"Felid&aelig; or Felin&aelig; is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic cat, lions, tigers, panthers, leopards, and lynxes. The felid&aelig; are found in all parts of the world except Australia. "&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Tiger Head

"Felidæ or Felinæ is the cat tribe, a family of carnivorous quadrupeds, including the domestic…

Spikelets arranged along rachis with back of fruit away from rachis; rachis 3-sided.

Axonopus

Spikelets arranged along rachis with back of fruit away from rachis; rachis 3-sided.

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in length, has the head and upper part of the neck of a rich shining green, the feathers of the crown and back of the head elongated, the back black and gray, the wings black and white, the breast and belly of a delicate reddish-buff color. The bill, legs, and feet are orange-red. the female, which is rather smaller, has the head reddish-brown, with a less decided tuft than the male, and much grayer plumage. The goosander is a native of the Arctic regions, extending into the temperate parts of America, Europe and Asia."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Goosander

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in…

"Goose is the name of a well-known family of natatorial birds. The domestic goose is believed to have descended form the greylag goose. It is valued for the table and on account of its quills and fine soft feather. The body is large and heavy, the neck long, the head small, and the bill conical, the wings long and powerful, the feet somewhat long, with small toes. In summer the wild goose inhabits the polar regions, migrating south in flocks on the approach of winter. The nest which is of coarse grass, is generally situated in marshy places."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Wild Goose

"Goose is the name of a well-known family of natatorial birds. The domestic goose is believed to have…

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in length, has the head and upper part of the neck of a rich shining green, the feathers of the crown and back of the head elongated, the back black and gray, the wings black and white, the breast and belly of a delicate reddish-buff color. The bill, legs, and feet are orange-red. the female, which is rather smaller, has the head reddish-brown, with a less decided tuft than the male, and much grayer plumage. The goosander is a native of the Arctic regions, extending into the temperate parts of America, Europe and Asia."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Goosander

"The Goosander is a web-footed bird in the duck family. The adult male, which measures 26 inches in…

"Hawk Moth is a family of the lepidopterous insects, forming along with the clear winged moths and the burnets and foresters the tribe Spinghinges. They are insects generally of rapid flight, and fly about in the twilight; Some species also during the day. Their caterpillars are sixteen-legged, flat, smooth, often green, with transverse stripes on the sides and nearly always a horn on the back of the second last segment. One of the most remarkable hawk moths is the Death's-head. It sometimes measures nearly 6 inches across the wings."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hawk Moth

"Hawk Moth is a family of the lepidopterous insects, forming along with the clear winged moths and the…

"Hedgehog is a quadruped distinguished by having the body covered with spines instead of hair. The skin of the back is provided with a great orbicular muscle which enables the animal to roll itself up in the form of a ball. The tail is very short. There are several species&mdash;some authorities enumerate 14. The best known is the common hedgehog. This species has a long nose, the nostrils bordered on each side by a loose flap; the hind feet have five toes; the ears are short, rounded, naked and dusky; the upper part of the face, sides, and rump covered with strong, coarse hair, of a yellowish ash color, the back with sharp strong spines of a whitish tint with a bar of black through their middle. They are usually abot 10 inches long, the tail about one. Their usual residence is in small thickets, and they feed on fallen fruits, roots, and insects; they are also fond of flesh, either raw or roasted. The hedgehog defends himself from the attacks of other animals by rolling himself up, and thus exposing no part of his body that is not furnished with a defense of spines. It may be rendered domestic to a certain degree, and has been employed to destroy cockroaches which it pursues with avidity. In the winter the hedgehog wraps itself in a warm nest, composed of moss, dried hay and leaves, and remains torpid till spring."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hedgehog

"Hedgehog is a quadruped distinguished by having the body covered with spines instead of hair. The skin…

"The Toucan, in ornithology, is the popular name of any bird of the genus Rhamphastos. They are all natives of tropical America, and are easily distinguished by their enormous bill, irregularly toothed along the margin of the mandibles. In the true toucans the ground color of the plumage is generally black; the throat, breast, and rump adorned with white, yellow, and red; the body is short and thick; tail rounded or even, varying in length in the different species, and capable of being turned up over the back when the bird goes to roost."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Toucan

"The Toucan, in ornithology, is the popular name of any bird of the genus Rhamphastos. They are all…

"The Umbrella Bird is a native of Peru. It is about the size of a crow, with deep black plumage; the head is adorned with a large spreading crest, which arises from a contractile skin, and capable of being erected at will; the shafts of the crest-feathers are white, and the plumes glossy blue, hair-like and curved outward at the tips. When the crest is laid back the shafts form a compact white mass, sloping up from the back of the head; when it is erected the shafts radiate on all sides from the top of the head, reaching in front beyond and below the beak, which is thus completely concealed from view. A long cylindrical plume hangs down from the middle of the neck; the feathers of the plume lap over each other like scales, and are bordered with metallic blue. Umbrella birds associate in small flocks, and live almost entirely upon fruits. Their cry, which resembles the lowing of a cow, is most frequently heard just before sunrise and after sunset."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Umbrellabird

"The Umbrella Bird is a native of Peru. It is about the size of a crow, with deep black plumage; the…

"Viper is a genus of venomous snakes. This family includes many important forms&ndash; e. g., the common adder, the asp, extending as far N. as Sweden; the African horned viper and puff adder, the Indian daboia or Russell's viper, and the Indian Echis carinata. The head is relatively broad, somewhat triangular, and generally covered with scales; the eye has a vertical pupil, and there is no pit between it and the nostril; the maxilla bears on each side one functional fang, usually with several reserve fangs beside it; the poison is virulent. The vipers are widely distributed through Europe and Australia; the majority are African. As far as is known they are viviparous."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Common Vipers

"Viper is a genus of venomous snakes. This family includes many important forms– e. g., the common…

"Viper is a genus of venomous snakes. This family includes many important forms&ndash; e. g., the common adder, the asp, extending as far N. as Sweden; the African horned viper and puff adder, the Indian daboia or Russell's viper, and the Indian Echis carinata. The head is relatively broad, somewhat triangular, and generally covered with scales; the eye has a vertical pupil, and there is no pit between it and the nostril; the maxilla bears on each side one functional fang, usually with several reserve fangs beside it; the poison is virulent. The vipers are widely distributed through Europe and Australia; the majority are African. As far as is known they are viviparous."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Common Viper

"Viper is a genus of venomous snakes. This family includes many important forms– e. g., the common…

"Viscacha is a stout-built rodent, resembling a marmot, from 18 inches to two feet long, exclusive of the tail, which is from six to eight inches. Four digits on the fore and three on the hind limbs, the latter furnished with long, compressed and pointed nails; muzzle broad, and covered with a velvet-like coat of brown hair; fur mottled gray above, yellowish-white beneath; dark band on each cheek, a white band on muzzle, running back on each side almost as far as the eye. They are nocturnal, and resemble rabbits in their movements, but are less active. They are found on the pampas, from Buenos Ayres to Patagonia. These animals have the strange habit of dragging all sorts of hard and apparently useless objects to the mouth of their burrow, where bones, stones, thistle stalks, and lumps of earth may be found collected into a large heap, sufficient, according to Darwin to fill a wheel-barrow."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Viscacha

"Viscacha is a stout-built rodent, resembling a marmot, from 18 inches to two feet long, exclusive of…

"A Vulture is any member of the family Vulturid&aelig; included among the birds of prey. In all the vultures the head and neck are more or less bare, the beak is long and curved only at the tip; the legs and feet are large and powerful, but the toes and claws are relatively weak. They are thus well adapted for walking and feeding on the ground, but are unable to carry off their prey like the eagles and hawks. The wings are very strong, and their powers of swift and sustained flight are remarkable."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

King Vulture

"A Vulture is any member of the family Vulturidæ included among the birds of prey. In all the…

"The Wanderoo, or Wanderu, is the Macacus silenus, from the S. of Hindustan, especially the country bordering the Malabar coast. It is about 2 feet in length, tail 10 to 12 inches. The Wanderoos have long, slim bodies, covered with black hair, tail of the same color, tufted. The head looks very large because of a mane, or ruff, and beard which sticks out round the face. This mass of long hair is either gray or white, and adds to the sly look of the broad face, soft dull eyes, and broad muzzle."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Wanderoo

"The Wanderoo, or Wanderu, is the Macacus silenus, from the S. of Hindustan, especially the country…

"The Wart Hog closely resembles the true hogs in most of their characters, and particularly in their feet, but is remarkably differing from them in their dentition: The number of teeth is much reduced; the canines become the large tusks, and in the adult the last molar only is found in each jaw, which grows to an enormous size as in the elephant. The head is very large, and the muzzle very broad; the cheeks are furnished with large wart-like excrescences, so that the appearance is altogether very remarkable and uncouth. The species are all natives of Africa. They feed very much on the roots of plants, which they dig up by means of their enormous tusks. The flesh of all the wart hogs and water hogs is in high esteem. They are hunted by dogs, which are often killed in the encounter with them."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Wart Hog

"The Wart Hog closely resembles the true hogs in most of their characters, and particularly in their…

"Water Flea is a popular name for minute aquatic Crustaceans such as daphnia, cypris, and cyclops. In Cyclops the body is more distinctly segmented and the shell is not bivalve; the head bears antenn&aelig;, mandibles, and maxill&aelig;, and the first five segments of the thorax bear swimming appendages. Water fleas fed on microscopic plants and animals and on organic debris, while they themselves&ndash; often occurring in countless swarms&ndash; form an important part of the food supply of certain fishes."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cyclops communis Water Flea

"Water Flea is a popular name for minute aquatic Crustaceans such as daphnia, cypris, and cyclops. In…

"Water Flea is a popular name for minute aquatic Crustaceans such as daphnia, cypris, and cyclops. In Cypris also the shell is bivalve; there are five pairs of appendages on the head and two on the body; most of these are used in swimming or creeping. Among cyprids parthenogenesis again occurs, and in some species males have never been observed, while parthenogenetic development has been traced for as many as 40 successive generations. The females bear large egg sacs. Water fleas fed on microscopic plants and animals and on organic debris, while they themselves&ndash; often occurring in countless swarms&ndash; form an important part of the food supply of certain fishes."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Cypris Unifasciata Water Flea

"Water Flea is a popular name for minute aquatic Crustaceans such as daphnia, cypris, and cyclops. In…

"Water Flea is a popular name for minute aquatic Crustaceans such as daphnia, cypris, and cyclops. The common Daphnia pulex, abundant in fresh water, is a good representative. The body is enclosed in a bivalve shell; there is a large single eye; a pair of large antenn&aelig; are used as swimming organs. The daphnids are marvellously prolific, and for prolonged periods parthenogenetic. There is an interesting difference between the winter eggs which require fertilization and the summer eggs which do not. The females have a dorsal brood chamber betwen the shell and the back. Water fleas fed on microscopic plants and animals and on organic debris, while they themselves&ndash; often occurring in countless swarms&ndash; form an important part of the food supply of certain fishes."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Daphnia Pulex Water Flea

"Water Flea is a popular name for minute aquatic Crustaceans such as daphnia, cypris, and cyclops. The…

"Water Beetles are beetles which live on or in the water. The Dytiscus, common in stagnant water, is olive-green above, and oval in shape. The respiratory organs of the perfect insect are not adapted to obaining air from the water; it comes occasionally to the surface of the water for air, where it lies on its back, the openings of its air tubes in the last segment of the abdomen, being exposed."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Water Beetle

"Water Beetles are beetles which live on or in the water. The Dytiscus, common in stagnant water, is…

"Whale is a name that may be taken as equivalent to Cetacean, and applied to any member of that order of mammals, which inculdes two great sets: the toothed whales, such as sperm whale and dolphin, and the whale-bone whales, such as right whale and rorqual, in which the teeth are only embryonic. The order Cetacea is usually divided into three sub-orders: (1) the Mystacoceti or Bal&aelig;noidea, baleen or whalebone whales; (2) the Odontoceti or Delphinoidea, toothed whales; and (3) the Arch&aelig;oceti or extinct Zeuglodonts. The differences between the extant sub-orders are so great that any idea of the close relationship must be abandoned; their common ancestry must be far back, and indeed it is doubtful whether our classification might not be brought nearer the truth by recognizing two distinct orders. Less specialized than the modern types are the extinct Zeuglododonts of the Eocene period, but it is by no means certain that they should be included within the order Cetacea."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Whale

"Whale is a name that may be taken as equivalent to Cetacean, and applied to any member of that order…

"Wigeon is one of the most popular birds with the American sportsman. Length about eighteen inches; the male has the forehead and top of head white, cheeks and hinged part of the neck reddish-chestnut, upper parts grayish-white, irregularly zigzagged with black, wing coverts white tipped with black, primaries dark brown, speculum green, edged with black; throat rufous, breast and belly white; the female has sober plumage of various shades of brown. The wigeon is one of the commonest ducks of the extreme N. of Europe, frequenting grassy swamps, lakes, and rivers, and feeding in the daytime, chiefly on aquatic vegetation. The American wigeon is larger than the European or common wigeon, and has the upper parts finely waved transversely with black and reddish-brown, top of head and under parts white. It breeds chiefly in the N. parts of America and is common in winter on the coasts of the United States and in the rice fields. The flesh of both species is esteemed for the table, and they are hunted both for food and for sport."&mdash;(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Wigeon

"Wigeon is one of the most popular birds with the American sportsman. Length about eighteen inches;…