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"The surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Cornwallis Surrender

"The surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

"Cornwallis' Cave, the excavation in the marl bluff."—Lossing, 1851

Cornwallis' Cave

"Cornwallis' Cave, the excavation in the marl bluff."—Lossing, 1851

"Cornwallis' head-quarters."—Lossing, 1851

Cornwallis' Head-quarters

"Cornwallis' head-quarters."—Lossing, 1851

"View from the site of Fort Cornwallis. Fort Cornwallis occupied the ground in the rear of the Episcopal church, now a grave-yard. This view is from within the inclosure, looking northeast, and includes a portion of Schultz's bridge, the Savannah River, and Hamburg upon the opposite bank. In the foreground is seen portions of the church-yard wall, and upon the brink of the river below are [African Americans] employed in placing bales of cotton upon the wharves for transportation to the sea-coast. The wharves are two stories in height, one to be used at low water, the other when the river is 'up.' There were remains of the ditch and embankments of the fort within the grave-yard when I was there; and the trench leading to the water-gate, where the 'Pride-of-India tree is seen, was very visible."—Lossing, 1851

Fort Cornwallis

"View from the site of Fort Cornwallis. Fort Cornwallis occupied the ground in the rear of the Episcopal…

"Lord Cornwallis, key figure in the peace process between Britain and America."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Lord Cornwallis

"Lord Cornwallis, key figure in the peace process between Britain and America."—E. Benjamin Andrews,…

Lord Cornwallis, born 1738; died 1805.

Lord Cornwallis

Lord Cornwallis, born 1738; died 1805.

"Cortelyou's House. This house, built of stone, with a brick gable from eaves to peak, is yet (1852) standing upon the eastern side of the road leading from Brooklyn to Gowanus Creek, looking southeast. In the extreme distance is seen the 'Yellow Mill' between which and the one in the foreground so many of the patriots perished."—Lossing, 1851

Cortelyou's House

"Cortelyou's House. This house, built of stone, with a brick gable from eaves to peak, is yet (1852)…

"Counterfeit Continental Bill."—Lossing, 1851

Counterfeit Bill

"Counterfeit Continental Bill."—Lossing, 1851

"Scene at the Cowpens. This name is derived from the cirumstance that, some years prior to the Revolution, before this section of country was settled, some persons in Camden (then called Pine-tree) employed two men to go up to the Thicketty Mountain, and in the grassy intervales among the hills, raise cattle. As a compensation, they were allowed the entire use of the cows during the summer for making butter and cheese, and the steers for tilling labor. In the fall, large numbers of the fattest cattle would be driven down to Camden to be slaughtered for beef, on account of the owners. This region, so favorable for rearing cows, on account of the grass and fine springs, was consequently called <em>The Cowpens</em>. The field was covered with blasted pines, stumps, and stocks of indian corn, and had a most dreary appearance."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Cowpens

"Scene at the Cowpens. This name is derived from the cirumstance that, some years prior to the Revolution,…

(1750-1835) Spy for the Continental army during the American revolutionary War

Enoch Crosby

(1750-1835) Spy for the Continental army during the American revolutionary War

Two sides of a cross-pistareen, Spanish coin with the value of sixteen cents.

Cross-Pistareen

Two sides of a cross-pistareen, Spanish coin with the value of sixteen cents.

Crown Point.

Crown Point

Crown Point.

(--) Commanded a regiment n the French army in the Ameican Revolution

Custine

(--) Commanded a regiment n the French army in the Ameican Revolution

A French general who led a fleet to aid the American patriots, but failed in a few attacks.

Admiral D'Estaing

A French general who led a fleet to aid the American patriots, but failed in a few attacks.

The house of Lydia Darrah (1728-1789). Lydia was a midwife and Philadelphia's first female undertaker. When British troops occupied Philadelphia in 1777, General William Howe took up residence across the street from the Darrah home. Lydia regularly collected information by eavesdropping and sent this information in code to the Continental Army.

Lydia Darrah's House

The house of Lydia Darrah (1728-1789). Lydia was a midwife and Philadelphia's first female undertaker.…

"Medal awarded to Lieutenant-colonel De Fleury. This is a representation of the medal, the size of the original. The device is a helmeted soldier, standing against the ruins of a fort. His right hand is extended, holding a sword upright; the staff of a stand of colors is grasped by his left; the colors are under his feet, and he is trampling upon them. The legend is, 'Virtutis et audacle monum et premium. D. D. Fleury equiti gallo primo muros resp. Americ. D. D.;' 'A memorial and reward of valor and daring. The American Republic has bestowed (this medal) on Colonel D. de Fleury, a native of France, the first over the walls (of the enemy).'"&mdash;Lossing, 1851

De Fleury Medal Front

"Medal awarded to Lieutenant-colonel De Fleury. This is a representation of the medal, the size of the…

"DeKalb wounded at Camden."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

De Kalb Wounded

"DeKalb wounded at Camden."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

A political cartoon criticizing the Embargo placed upon the American colonies by the British. The cartoon portrays the death of a terrapin

Death of Terrapin, or the Embargo

A political cartoon criticizing the Embargo placed upon the American colonies by the British. The cartoon…

The garden house in which Jefferson and others celebrated the passage of the Declaration of Independence.

Garden House in Which Jefferson Celebrated the Passage of the Declaration

The garden house in which Jefferson and others celebrated the passage of the Declaration of Independence.

The table and chair used at the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

Table and Chair Used at the Signing of the Declaration of Independence

The table and chair used at the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

Arent DePeyster, a British military officer of the American Revolution, surrenders at the Battle of King's Mountain.

DePeyster Raises a White Flag

Arent DePeyster, a British military officer of the American Revolution, surrenders at the Battle of…

"The dining-hall, or room with seven doors. In the December number of the New York Mirror for 1834, is an interesting account of this old building, by Gulian C. Verplanck, Esq. He relates the following anecdote connected with this room, which he received from Colonel Nicholas Fish, father of the late governor of the State of New York. Just before La Fayette's death, himself and the American minister, with several of his countrymen, were invited to dine at the house of that distinguished Frenchman, Marbois, who was the French secretary of legation here during the Revolution. At the supper hour the company were shown into a room which contrasted quite oddly with the Parisian elegance of the other apartments where they had spent the evening. A low boarded, painted ceiling, with large beams, a single small, uncurtained window, with numerous small doors, as well as the general style of the whole, gave, at first, the idea of the kitchen, or largest room of a dutch or Belgian farm-house. On a long rough table was a repast, just as little in keeping with the refined kitchens of Paris as the room was with its architecture. It consisted of a large dish of meat, uncouth-looking pastry, and wine in decanters and bottles, accompanied by glasses and silver mugs, such as indicated other habits and tastes than those of modern Paris."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Dining-Hall

"The dining-hall, or room with seven doors. In the December number of the New York Mirror for 1834,…

"Dollar of 1794, the first United States coin."&mdash;E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Dollar of 1794

"Dollar of 1794, the first United States coin."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

"Count Donop's Grave."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Donop's Grave

"Count Donop's Grave."—Lossing, 1851

"While Paul Revere is riding out through Medford, Ebenezer Door, mounted on an old plod-jogging horse, with his saddle-bags flopping at every step of the animal, is going out over Boston Neck."&mdash;Coffin, 1879

Ebenezer Dorr

"While Paul Revere is riding out through Medford, Ebenezer Door, mounted on an old plod-jogging horse,…

(1753-183) French general who helped with the American war

Count Mathieu Dumas

(1753-183) French general who helped with the American war

A political cartoon criticizing the Embargo placed upon the American colonies by the British.

Embargo

A political cartoon criticizing the Embargo placed upon the American colonies by the British.

"The regiment was commanded by Colonel Glover, and General Washington selected him as the fittest person in the army to superintend the ferrying, and he did it nobly."&mdash;Coffin, 1879

General Glover Superintending the Embarkation

"The regiment was commanded by Colonel Glover, and General Washington selected him as the fittest person…

Tomb of Ethan Allen as seen in 1851. Shortly thereafter, this original plaque disappeared. In 1858, a 42-foot column bas placed in the cemetery by the Vermont Legislature in his memory.

Ethan Allen Tomb

Tomb of Ethan Allen as seen in 1851. Shortly thereafter, this original plaque disappeared. In 1858,…

"Eutaw Spring, where there was a conflict during the American Revolution."—Lossing, 1851

Eutaw Spring

"Eutaw Spring, where there was a conflict during the American Revolution."—Lossing, 1851

"Mrs. Falls'. This house, now (1850) owned by Mr. Samuel Moore, is a frame building, and stands on the right side of the New Windsor road, at the southeastern angle of 'The Square.' It is surrounded by locust and large balm-of-Gilead trees. There Major Armstrong wrote the famous <em>Newburgh Addresses</em>, and there those in the secret held their private conferences."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Mrs. Falls'

"Mrs. Falls'. This house, now (1850) owned by Mr. Samuel Moore, is a frame building, and stands on the…

"Faneuil Hall has been denominated 'the cradle of American liberty,' having been the popular gathering-place of the Sons of Liberty during the incipient stages of the Revolution. It was erected in 1742, at the sole expense of Peter Faneuil, Esq., of Boston, and by him generously given to the town-the basement for a market, with a spacious and most beautiful hall, and other convenient rooms above, for public meetings of the citizens. It was burned in 1761, nothing but the brick walls remaining. The town immediately ordered it to be rebuilt. Mr. Faneuil had then been dead several years. The engraving shows it as it appeared during the Revolution. It was enlarged in 1805, by the addition of another story, and an increase of forty feet in its width. The hall is about eighty feet square, and contains some fine paintings of distinguished men. The lower part is no longer used as a market. From the cupola is obtained a fine view of the city and harbor. The original vane still turns upon the pinnacle. It is in the form of a huge grasshopper, an emblem of devouring, and significant of the original occupation of the basement story."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Faneuil Hall

"Faneuil Hall has been denominated 'the cradle of American liberty,' having been the popular gathering-place…

Faneuil Hall, 1763.

Faneuil Hall

Faneuil Hall, 1763.

(1739-1818) Lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia and of St. John's Island. Born in the colony of New York, he was driven from his home during the American Revolution and was commissioned by British General William Howe. He raised a regiment of Loyalists known as the King's American Regiment.

Edmund Fanning

(1739-1818) Lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia and of St. John's Island. Born in the colony of New York,…

Site of the first interview between Gates and Burgoyne. This view is taken from the turnpike, looking south. The old road was where the canal now is, and the place of meeting was about at the point where the bridge is seen.

first interview

Site of the first interview between Gates and Burgoyne. This view is taken from the turnpike, looking…

First meeting hall. This picture of the first house for Christian worship erected in Connecticut is copied from Barber's <em>Historical Collections</em>.

First Meeting House

First meeting hall. This picture of the first house for Christian worship erected in Connecticut is…

Fac-simile of the first money coined by the United States.

First Money

Fac-simile of the first money coined by the United States.

Fitch's Point, the landing-place of the British. This view is from the west side of Gregory's Point, looking north-northwest. The promontory toward the left, covered with dark trees, is called Fort Point. There was an Indian fortification when the first settlers arrived at Norwalk. Further to the left, on the extreme edge of the picture, is seen one end of the rail-road bridge, which crosses Norwalk River. The New York and New Haven Rail-road was then in progress of construction. The point derives its name from its former proprietor, Governor Thomas Fitch, whose residence was Norwalk. He was Governor of the colony of Connecticut, and his name is among the beloved of his generation. He died July 18th, 1774, in the seventy-fifth year of his age.

Fitch's Point

Fitch's Point, the landing-place of the British. This view is from the west side of Gregory's Point,…

"Flag-staff, Fort Washington. This flag-staff, indicating the center of the fort, is a prominent object to passengers upon the Hudson."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Flag Staff

"Flag-staff, Fort Washington. This flag-staff, indicating the center of the fort, is a prominent object…

"American Floating Battery. I am indebted to the kindness of Peter Force, Esq., of Washington city (editor of 'The American Archives'), for this drawing of one of the American floating batteries used in the siege of Boston. It is copied from an English mauscript in his possession, and is now published for the first time. I have never met with a description of those batteries, and can judge of their construction only from the drawing. They appear to have been made of strong planks, pierced, near the water-line, for cars; along the sides, higher up, for the light and musketry. A heavy gun was placed in each end, and upon the top were four swivels."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Floating Battery

"American Floating Battery. I am indebted to the kindness of Peter Force, Esq., of Washington city (editor…

Site of Fort Anne. This view is from the bridge which crosses Wood Creek, looking south. The distant building on the right is the dwelling of Mr. Moore. Nearer is his store-house, and on the left are his out-houses. The fence, and so on to the barns and in their yards.

Fort Anne

Site of Fort Anne. This view is from the bridge which crosses Wood Creek, looking south. The distant…

Fort at Chambly, this is a view of the south and west sides of the fort, looking toward the river. It stands directly upon the Richelieu, at the foot of the Chambly Rapids, and at the head of the navigation of the river up from the St. awrence. it is strongly built of stone, and, as seen in the picture, is in a state of excellent preservation.

Fort at Chambly

Fort at Chambly, this is a view of the south and west sides of the fort, looking toward the river. It…

Fort Chambly at the foot of the Chambly rapids on the Richelieu River in Quebec, Canada, was built by the French in 1711.

Fort Chambly

Fort Chambly at the foot of the Chambly rapids on the Richelieu River in Quebec, Canada, was built by…

Mouth of Fort Edward Creek.

Fort Edward Creek

Mouth of Fort Edward Creek.

Fort Johnson

Fort Johnson

Fort Johnson

Fort Miller fording-place. This was the crossing-place for the armies; and there are still to be seen some of the logs and stones upon the shore which formed a part of the old 'King's Road' leading to the fording-place.

Fort Miller

Fort Miller fording-place. This was the crossing-place for the armies; and there are still to be seen…

"View near Fort Montgomery. This view is from an eminence near the mountain road, about three quarters of a mile in the rear of Fort Montgomery. In the distance, the cultivated slopes of West Chester, between Peekskill and Verplanck's Point, are seen. On the left is the high, rocky promontory called Anthony's Nose; on the right is the Dunderberg, with a portion of Beveridge's Island; the buildings in the center of the picture, owned by Mrs. Pelham, denote the site of Fort Clinton; toward the right is seen the deep ravine through which flows Poplopen's Creek, and on the extreme right, partly hidden by the tree in the foreground, and fronting the river, is the site of Fort Montgomery. The scenery from this point of view is indeed magnificent."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Fort Montgomery

"View near Fort Montgomery. This view is from an eminence near the mountain road, about three quarters…

Distant view of Fort Niagra. This view is from the west side of the Niagra River, near the light-house. The fort is on the east side (right side of the picture), at the mouth of the river. The steam-boat seen in the distance is out on Lake Ontario.

Fort Niagra

Distant view of Fort Niagra. This view is from the west side of the Niagra River, near the light-house.…

View of Oswego and the Fort in 1798. This view is from the west side of the river, near the site of the present United States Hotel.

Fort Oswego

View of Oswego and the Fort in 1798. This view is from the west side of the river, near the site of…

Fort Plain block-house. There is considerable confusion in the accounts concerning Fort Plain, for which there is no necessity. There was a stockade about two miles southwest of Fort Plain, called Fort Clyde, in honor of Colonel Clyde, an officer in the Tryon county militia; and another about the same distance northwest, called Fort Plank, or Blank, from the circumstance that it stood upon land owned by Frederic Blank. The latter and Fort Plain have been confounded. Mr. Stone erroneously considered them as one, and says, in his <em>Life of Brant</em> (ii., 95), "The principal work of defense, then called Fort Plank, and subsequently Fort Plain, was situated upon an elevated plain overlooking the valley, near the site of the village still retaining the name of the fortress." Other writers have regarded the block-house as the fort, when, in fact, it was only a part of the fotifications. The drawing here given is from one published in Stone's Life of Brant, with a description from the Fort Plain Journal of December 26th, 1837. Mr. Lipe considered it a correct view, except the lower story, which, it was his impression, was square instead of octagonal, and had four port-holes for heavy ordinance.

Fort Plain

Fort Plain block-house. There is considerable confusion in the accounts concerning Fort Plain, for which…

Site of Fort Stanwix.

Fort Stanwix

Site of Fort Stanwix.

"The Franklin Penny."&mdash;E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Franklin Penny

"The Franklin Penny."—E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

"Benjamin Franklin's printing press."—Lossing, 1851

Franklin's Press

"Benjamin Franklin's printing press."—Lossing, 1851

"Benjamin Franklin managed men, the whilom printer, king's postmaster-general for America, discoverer, London colonial agent, delegate in the Continental Congress, and signer of the Declaration of Independence."&mdash;E. Benjamin Andrews, 1895

Benjamin Franklin

"Benjamin Franklin managed men, the whilom printer, king's postmaster-general for America, discoverer,…

American statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin.

Benjamin Franklin

American statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin.

Fraser's burial-place. The hill on which the 'great redoubt' was erected, and where General Fraser was buried, is about one hundred feet high, and almost directly west from the house wherein he died. The relative situation of this eminence to the Hudson will be best understood by looking at the view of Burgoyne's encampment. The grave is within the inclosure on the summit of the hill.

Fraser Burial

Fraser's burial-place. The hill on which the 'great redoubt' was erected, and where General Fraser was…

House in which General Fraser died.

Fraser House

House in which General Fraser died.

In August of 1775, Americans took possession of cannons from the Battery at the tip of Manhattan and exchanged fire with the HMS Asia (1764). They retaliated by firing a 32-gun broadside on the city, sending a cannon ball through the roof of Fraunces Tavern. When the victorious Americans re-occupied the city, it was Fraunces Tavern that hosted Washington and his officers in a victory banquet. On Dec. 4, 1783, Washington was again at Fraunces Tavern to say farewell to his officers in the Long Room. Saving America from the fate of many republics that turned quickly to military dictatorship, Washington resigned his post and returned to civilian life until chosen first President of the United States.

Fraunces Tavern

In August of 1775, Americans took possession of cannons from the Battery at the tip of Manhattan and…

"Ruins of Oglethorpe's Barracks at Frederica. This is from a sketch made by W. W. Hazzard, Esq., in 1851. Mr. Hazzard writes: 'These ruins stand on the left bank or bluff of the south branch of the Alatamaha River, on the west side of St. Simon's Island, where the steamers pass from Savannah to Florida.' This fort was a scene of hostilities during the war of the Revolution, and also that of 1812; and is one of the most interesting military relics of our country. Mr. Hazzard states that, in his field in the rear of it, his men always turn up 'bomb-shells and hollow shot whenever they plow there.' The whole remains are upon his plantation at West Point."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

Frederica

"Ruins of Oglethorpe's Barracks at Frederica. This is from a sketch made by W. W. Hazzard, Esq., in…

"View of the remains of the French Works. These remains are in the southeastern suburbs of the city, about half way between the [African American] Cemetary and the residence of Major William Bowen, seen toward the right of the picture. The banks have an average height, from the bottom of the ditch, of about five feet, and are dotted with pines and chincapins or dwarf chestnuts, the former draped with moss. The ground is an open common, and although it was mid-winter when I was there, it was covered with green grass, bespangled with myriads of little flowers of stellar form. This view is from the direction of the town looking southeast."&mdash;Lossing, 1851

French Works

"View of the remains of the French Works. These remains are in the southeastern suburbs of the city,…