Also known as Alexander the Liberator. He was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 1855 until his assassination in 1881.

Alexander II of Russia

Also known as Alexander the Liberator. He was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 1855 until his…

(1845-1894) Emperor of Russia from 1881-1894

Alexander III

(1845-1894) Emperor of Russia from 1881-1894

"Marcus Aurelius Antoninus stands almost alone in the history of the world as a philosopher and philanthopist clothed in royal purple. He was born A.D. 121, adopted by Antoninus Pius in 138, became consul in 140, and succeeded his adoptive father as emperor in 161." — The Delphian Society, 1913

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus

"Marcus Aurelius Antoninus stands almost alone in the history of the world as a philosopher and philanthopist…

Illustration of Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, during one of several times that he was banished from Alexandria. Roman soldiers on horseback, with spears and shields, chase the bishop away from the city. Christians, including men, women, children, and a crippled man, follow around and in front of the bishop. A man follows just behind Athanasius, carrying the bishop's staff.

Athanasius is Banished from Alexandria

Illustration of Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, during one of several times that he was banished from…

"This sovereign was the last of the Mogul emperors of India who displayed the talent and energy of a warrior. He was the grandson of Jehangire, and was born on the 22nd of October, 1618." — Goodrich, 1844

Aurungzrbr

"This sovereign was the last of the Mogul emperors of India who displayed the talent and energy of a…

"The celebrated warrior and Emperor of the French, Napoleon Bonaparte, was born at Ajaccio, in the island of Corsica." —The Popular Cyclopedia, 1888

Napoleon Bonaparte

"The celebrated warrior and Emperor of the French, Napoleon Bonaparte, was born at Ajaccio, in the island…

A military and political leader of France in the early 19th century.

Napoleon Bonaparte

A military and political leader of France in the early 19th century.

The Emperor of France from 1804 to 1814.

Napoleon Bonaparte

The Emperor of France from 1804 to 1814.

"All histories of England commence with the invasion of Julius Caesar, the earliest event in that quarter of which we have any authentic account. The Island of Britain was an unknown region to the Romans, and nearly so to the rest of mankind, at the period when Caesar's conquests had reduced the greater part of Gaul to the Roman government. Britain, lying within sight of the northern shores of Gaul, attracted his notice, and he began to meditate schemes of conquest." — Goodrich, 1844

Caesar in England

"All histories of England commence with the invasion of Julius Caesar, the earliest event in that quarter…

(63-14 BCE) Founder of the Roman Empire

Augustus Caesar

(63-14 BCE) Founder of the Roman Empire

(63 BC-14) Founder of the Roman Empire

Augustus Caesar

(63 BC-14) Founder of the Roman Empire

Julius Caeser, Roman emperor.

Julius Caesar

Julius Caeser, Roman emperor.

Roman emperor.

Caligula

Roman emperor.

Caracalla is remembered as one of the most notorious emperors of Rome.

Caracalla

Caracalla is remembered as one of the most notorious emperors of Rome.

"Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Caracalla was eldest son of the Emperor Severus, born in Lyons, A.D. 188. On the death of his father he succeeded to the throne with his brother, Antoninus Geta, whom he speedily murdered. Among the buildings of Caracalla in Rome, the baths-Thermæ Caracallæ- near Porta Capena, were most celebrated, and their ruins are still magnificent."—(Charles Leonard-Stuart, 1911)

Hall in Baths of Caracalla

"Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Caracalla was eldest son of the Emperor Severus, born in Lyons, A.D. 188.…

Caracalla (April 4, 188 – April 8, 217. Caracallus ), born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later called Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus, was the eldest son of Septimius Severus and Roman Emperor from 211 to 217. He was one of the most nefarious of Roman emperors.

Bust of Caracalla

Caracalla (April 4, 188 – April 8, 217. Caracallus ), born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later called…

The King of the Franks from 768 and the Emperor of the Romans from 800 until his death in 814.

Charlemagne

The King of the Franks from 768 and the Emperor of the Romans from 800 until his death in 814.

(742-814) Christian Emperor. Time of rule was known as Carolingian Renaissance during which he built palaces and churches, and promoted Christianity, education, agriculture, the arts, manufacturing and commerce

Charlemagne

(742-814) Christian Emperor. Time of rule was known as Carolingian Renaissance during which he built…

Emperor of Germany and King of Spain.

Charles V

Emperor of Germany and King of Spain.

Emperor of Germany

Charles V, Emperor of Germany

Emperor of Germany

Roman emperor.

Claudius, Tiberius

Roman emperor.

A Roman coin.

Roman coin

A Roman coin.

Roman emperor, declared Christianity state religion.

Constantine

Roman emperor, declared Christianity state religion.

Emperor of Rome from 306 to 337. He is best known for being the first Christian Roman emperor.

Constantine the Great

Emperor of Rome from 306 to 337. He is best known for being the first Christian Roman emperor.

"This arch is the most modern and the best preseved of all the buildings which remain of the Imperial period. Probably it owes its preservation to the Christianity of its hero." — Young, 1901

Arch of Constantine

"This arch is the most modern and the best preseved of all the buildings which remain of the Imperial…

A crown used for the coronation of emperors.

Imperial Crown

A crown used for the coronation of emperors.

Emperor of the Roman Empire from 284 to 286 AD, and again from 286 to 305.

Diocletian

Emperor of the Roman Empire from 284 to 286 AD, and again from 286 to 305.

Emperor of Rome from 284 to 305.

Diocletian

Emperor of Rome from 284 to 305.

Roman emperor.

Domitian

Roman emperor.

Edward II, (April 25, 1284 – September 21, 1327?) of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. His tendency to ignore his nobility in favour of low-born favourites led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition. Edward is perhaps best remembered for his supposed murder and his alleged homosexuality as well as being the first monarch to establish colleges in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge; he founded Cambridge's King's Hall in 1317 and gave Oxford's Oriel College its royal charter in 1326. Both colleges received the favour of Edward's son, Edward III, who confirmed Oriel's charter in 1327 and refounded King's Hall in 1337.

Edward II

Edward II, (April 25, 1284 – September 21, 1327?) of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307…

Illustration of the Roman Emperor Tiberius wearing a draped toga, which was fashionable in the first century AD and worn by citizens of Rome. He stands looking to his right. The original statue was found in Capri and is made of marble. Tiberius was emperor of Rome from AD 14-37.

Emperor Tiberius Wearing a Toga

Illustration of the Roman Emperor Tiberius wearing a draped toga, which was fashionable in the first…

A scene from the story, "The Emperor's New Clothes."

The Emperor's New Clothes

A scene from the story, "The Emperor's New Clothes."

A scene from the story, "The Emperor's New Clothes."

The Emperor's New Clothes

A scene from the story, "The Emperor's New Clothes."

A scene from the story, "The Emperor's New Clothes."

The Emperor's New Clothes

A scene from the story, "The Emperor's New Clothes."

A scene from the story, "The Emperor's New Clothes."

The Emperor's New Clothes

A scene from the story, "The Emperor's New Clothes."

Drawing of Napoleon of France as Emperor.

Napoleon as Emperor

Drawing of Napoleon of France as Emperor.

Frederick III (October 18, 1831 - June 15, 1888), was German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling for 99 days until his death on June 15, 1888. Frederick III was a war hero during the Second Schleswig War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Franco-Prussian War before his reign as German Emperor, yet his father's unusually long reign and longevity never let Frederick III capitalize on his military successes, popularity, and youth as emperor. He was more liberal than previous German leaders and represented a possibility for the earlier liberalization of German society and government. However, Frederick III developed larynx cancer shortly before he assumed the throne which severely limited his time and effectiveness as German Emperor. After his largely ineffectual reign and lost impact on German society, his successor, Wilhelm II, abandoned any path toward liberalization that Frederick III previously leaned towards.

Frederick III, German Emperor

Frederick III (October 18, 1831 - June 15, 1888), was German Emperor and King of Prussia, ruling for…

Coin of Roman emperor Hadrian.

Hadrian, Coin of

Coin of Roman emperor Hadrian.

Also known as Castel Sant'Angelo. The temple of the Roman emperor Hadrian.

The Tomb of Hadrian

Also known as Castel Sant'Angelo. The temple of the Roman emperor Hadrian.

Henry II of England (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189) ruled as King of England (1154–1189). Henry was the first of the House of Plantagenet to rule England and was the great-grandson of William the Conqueror. Like his grandfather, Henry I of England, Henry II had an outstanding knowledge of the law. A talented linguist and excellent Latin speaker, he would sit on councils in person whenever possible. His interest in the economy was reflected in his own frugal lifestyle. He dressed casually except when tradition dictated otherwise and ate a sparing diet.

Henry II

Henry II of England (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189) ruled as King of England (1154–1189). Henry…

Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years from 1216 to his death. Despite his long reign, his personal accomplishments were slim and he was a political and military failure. England, however, prospered during his century and his greatest monument is Westminster, which he made the seat of his government and where he expanded the abbey as a shrine to Edward the Confessor.

Henry III

Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was the son and successor of John "Lackland" as…

Illustration of Ignatius of Antioch, also called Ignatius Theophorus, tied to a post by his neck and wearing his bishop's robe. There are bones and scraps on the ground. One lion is sitting on the ground and looking up at Ignatius. The other lion is pouncing from behind. The arches and crowds of the Colosseum are visible in the background.

Ignatius of Antioch is Martyred by Being Fed to Lions

Illustration of Ignatius of Antioch, also called Ignatius Theophorus, tied to a post by his neck and…

Princess Isabella, wife of Emperor Charles V.

Princess Isabella

Princess Isabella, wife of Emperor Charles V.

"Jehangire kept his court at Delhi, one of the most splendid cities of the East, where he called the Shere Afkun to his preference. He received him graciously, and conferred new honors upon him." — Goodrich, 1844

Jehangire

"Jehangire kept his court at Delhi, one of the most splendid cities of the East, where he called the…

(1830-1916) Emperor of Austria and King of Bohemia and Hungary

Francis Joseph I

(1830-1916) Emperor of Austria and King of Bohemia and Hungary

The Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790, and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790.

Joseph II

The Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790, and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790.

"Thus the prince, both when present and when coming, was alike victorius: and these things he achieved just starting up from amidst his books; or rather, in marching against the adversary, he marched with his books, for he had always in his hands either books or arms, believing that war was wonderfully assisted by philosophy, and that a prince competent to give counsel threw more weight into the scale than a fighting one." — The Delphian Society, 1913

Julian

"Thus the prince, both when present and when coming, was alike victorius: and these things he achieved…

A depiction of Julian the Apostate, a noted philosopher and Roman Emperor, and his death.

Death of Julian the Apostate

A depiction of Julian the Apostate, a noted philosopher and Roman Emperor, and his death.

John (24 December 1167 – 19 October 1216) reigned as King of England from 6 April 1199, until his death. John acquired the nicknames of "Lackland" for his lack of an inheritance as the youngest son and for his loss of territory to France, and of "Soft-sword" for his alleged military ineptitude. As a historical figure, John is best known for acquiescing to the nobility and signing Magna Carta, a document that limited his power and that is popularly regarded as an early first step in the evolution of modern democracy.

King John

John (24 December 1167 – 19 October 1216) reigned as King of England from 6 April 1199, until…

"Begun by Napoleon in 1806; not completed until 1842. The emperor planned it as a 'of fame' to commemorate his victories, but it now serves as a church. The structure has the lines of a Roman temple, with a colonnade of Corinthian pillars."—Webster, 1920

La Madeleine

"Begun by Napoleon in 1806; not completed until 1842. The emperor planned it as a 'of fame' to commemorate…

"Equestrian state of Marcus Aurelius." — Young, 1901

Statue of Marcus Aurelius

"Equestrian state of Marcus Aurelius." — Young, 1901

Severe justice of Jehangire, emperor of the Moguls. Caption below illustration: "The Emperor commanded him to be bound. The parents were mounted on the elephant, and he ordered the driver to tread the unfortunate young man to death."

Emperor of the Moguls

Severe justice of Jehangire, emperor of the Moguls. Caption below illustration: "The Emperor commanded…

"Among the larger and more splendid moths of our own country is the Luna Moth, or Green Emperor Moth, <em>attacus luna</em> a large and beautiful species, common in the Northern United States. The wings, which are drawn out into what appears like a long tail, are of a light yellowish-green color, marked with eye-spots near the middle. The expanse of the wings is four inches. The caterpilar lives on walnut-trees, and spins a cocoon of which silk might be made. Many of these cocoons may be picked up on the ground, in autumn or spring, beneath the trees frequented by these insect."  &mdash; Goodrich, 1859

Chrysalis of the Luna Moth

"Among the larger and more splendid moths of our own country is the Luna Moth, or Green Emperor Moth,…

The 122nd emperor of Japan, reigning from 1867 until his death in 1917.

Mutsuhito

The 122nd emperor of Japan, reigning from 1867 until his death in 1917.

(1852- ) Emperor of Japan

Mutsuhito

(1852- ) Emperor of Japan

Political advisor to Octavian, the first Emperor of Rome.

Mæcenas

Political advisor to Octavian, the first Emperor of Rome.

President of the Second Republic of France and Emperor of France

Napoleon III

President of the Second Republic of France and Emperor of France

The Emperor of France from 1852 to 1870.

Napoleon III of France

The Emperor of France from 1852 to 1870.

"Nerva, the successor of Domitian, and one of the most virtuous of the Roman emperors. He was born in Umbria in 32 A.D.; died 98 A.D. He was twice consul, and was elected emperor on the death of Domitian in 96. He adopted Trajan, who succeeded him." — Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Nerva

"Nerva, the successor of Domitian, and one of the most virtuous of the Roman emperors. He was born in…

Emperor of Rome from 96 to 98 A.D.

Nerva

Emperor of Rome from 96 to 98 A.D.