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"Troglodytes parvulus, Wren, the coloration is ordinarily brown, with a great tendency to barring; spots, stripes, and streaks are not uncommon; chestnut, bay, orange, and grey often relieve the dulness.: A. H. Evans, 1900

Wren

"Troglodytes parvulus, Wren, the coloration is ordinarily brown, with a great tendency to barring; spots,…

"Certhiola flaveola, the Sugar-bird, coloration varies from black, grey, or purplish, relieved by rufous and white, to brilliant blue, purple, or green, with the quills only black, or with further yellow, chestnut, and exceptionally scarlet, decorations. Uniform black, or olive and brown hues are unusual, save in females, which, however, are often bright green, with the addition of a little blue or yellow." A. H. Evans, 1900

Sugarbird

"Certhiola flaveola, the Sugar-bird, coloration varies from black, grey, or purplish, relieved by rufous…

Black Oat Grass (Stipa avenacea) is found in dry, sandy woods and has no agricultural value. It grows one to two feet, and has an open panicle. The leaves are almost bristle like. The palea is blackish and nearly as long as the glumes. It is a prairie grass common to Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and the south.

Black Oat Grass

Black Oat Grass (Stipa avenacea) is found in dry, sandy woods and has no agricultural value. It grows…

Black Oat Grass (Stipa avenacea) is found in dry, sandy woods and has no agricultural value. It grows one to two feet, and has an open panicle. The leaves are almost bristle like. The palea is blackish and nearly as long as the glumes. It is a prairie grass common to Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and the south. The upper palea and its bent and twisted awn is seen here.

Black Oat Grass

Black Oat Grass (Stipa avenacea) is found in dry, sandy woods and has no agricultural value. It grows…

John Brown's Fort (the engine house) from John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry. Brown led a group of 21 men in a raid on the Arsenal on October 16, 1859 in order to initiate a slave uprising throughout the South. The raid was unsuccessful but was a catalyst for the Civil War.

John Brown's Fort in Harpers Ferry

John Brown's Fort (the engine house) from John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry. Brown led a group of 21…

Harpers Ferry is a historic town in Jefferson County, West Virginia. It is located at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers where the United States of Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia meet. It is best known for John Brown's raid on the Armory in 1859 and its role in the Civil War.

Harpers Ferry

Harpers Ferry is a historic town in Jefferson County, West Virginia. It is located at the confluence…

A political cartoon of the Southern states being built from the ruins after the Civil War.

Southern Republic Built from the Ruins

A political cartoon of the Southern states being built from the ruins after the Civil War.

Robert Anderson (1805 - 1871) was a Union Army officer in the American Civil War. He is most known for his command of Fort Sumter during the beginning of the war. He is referred to as Major Robert Anderson for his rank at Fort Sumter.

Major Robert Anderson

Robert Anderson (1805 - 1871) was a Union Army officer in the American Civil War. He is most known for…

John Adams Dix (1798 - 1879) served as the Secretary of the Treasury, U.S. Senator, and New York Governor. He was also a Civil War General in the New York Militia.

General John A. Dix

John Adams Dix (1798 - 1879) served as the Secretary of the Treasury, U.S. Senator, and New York Governor.…

John Adams Dix, of New York, was appointed Secretary of the Treasury. He sent Mr. Jones to New Orleans with an order to Captain Breshwood, commanding the revenue-cutter at that port, to sail to New York. The captain was a secessionist and proposed to turn the vessel over to the Confederates, whereupon Secretary Dix sent this dispatch: "If any man attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot!"

Fac-smile of General John A. Dix's Dispatch

John Adams Dix, of New York, was appointed Secretary of the Treasury. He sent Mr. Jones to New Orleans…

Jefferson Finis Davis (1808 – 1889) served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history of 1861 – 1865 during the American Civil War. After the war, Davis was captured in 1865 and charged with treason. Though not convicted, he was stripped of his eligibility to run for public office.

Jefferson Davis

Jefferson Finis Davis (1808 – 1889) served as President of the Confederate States of America for…

Pierre Gustave Toutan Beauregard (1818 - 1893) was a Louisiana-born author, civil servant, politician, inventor, and general for the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was the victor at the First Battle of Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia and commanded armies through the Battle of Shiloh in Tennessee and the Siege of Corinth in northern Mississippi.

General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard

Pierre Gustave Toutan Beauregard (1818 - 1893) was a Louisiana-born author, civil servant, politician,…

It is four o'clock in the afternoon when a messenger rides up to the house of Captain Knott V. Martin. The captain has killed a pig and is ready to dress it, when the messenger hands him a slip of paper. With knife in hand he reads it: "You are ordered to appear with your company on Boston Common at the earliest possible moment." He throws down his knife to put on the uniform. Mrs. Martin asks what he will do with the pig and Captain Martin says the pig isn't important anymore. Not an instant does he wait; the members of his company must be summoned, his knapsack packed.

Captain Knott V. Martin's Pig

It is four o'clock in the afternoon when a messenger rides up to the house of Captain Knott V. Martin.…

The Massachusetts Sixth is the first to leave to save Washington from the Confederates. However, they have trouble in Baltimore on their journey where they are attacked by the Confederates.

Massachusetts Sixth Attacked When Marching Through Baltimore

The Massachusetts Sixth is the first to leave to save Washington from the Confederates. However, they…

The Norfolk Naval Yard, also known as the Norfolk Naval Shipyard became an integral shipyard during the Civil War. In 1861, Virginia joined the Confederate States of America. The shipyard commander feared that the Confederacy would take control of the shipyard so he ordered it to be burned. However, the Confederates still took over the shipyard without armed conflict which caused the Union forced to withdrawal to Fort Monroe.

Norfolk Navy Yard Burning

The Norfolk Naval Yard, also known as the Norfolk Naval Shipyard became an integral shipyard during…

The secessionists tore up the railroad but the men of the eighth Massachusetts knew how to build railroads. Together with the New York Seventh Regiment, they began to spike down the rails and relaid the rails and made their way to Washington.

New York Seventh Regiment Marching Down Broadway

The secessionists tore up the railroad but the men of the eighth Massachusetts knew how to build railroads.…

General Winfield Scott (1786 - 1866) was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig party in 1852. General Scott is most known for serving on active duty as a general longer than any other man in American history and is rated as the most ablest American commander of his time. He is also known as "Old Fuss and Feathers" and "Grand Old Man of the Army."

General Winfield Scott

General Winfield Scott (1786 - 1866) was a United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential…

A sketch of Richmond, Virginia from 1861 during the Civil War.

Richmond Virginia in 1861

A sketch of Richmond, Virginia from 1861 during the Civil War.

Francis Preston Blair Jr. (1821 - 1875) was an American politician and Union Army general during the American Civil War. He served as a U.S. Senator and Representative for the state of Missouri and was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President in 1868.

Francis Preston Blair Jr.

Francis Preston Blair Jr. (1821 - 1875) was an American politician and Union Army general during the…

Benjamin Franklin Butler (1818 - 1893) was a lawyer and politician who was a U. S. Representative for the state of Massachusetts and governor of Massachusetts. During the Civil War, he was ranked one of the most controversial political generals because of occupied New Orleans, his policies regarding slaves as contraband, the Bermuda Hundred Campaign, and Fort Fisher. He was also known as "Beast Butler" by the Southern whites.

Benjamin Franklin Butler

Benjamin Franklin Butler (1818 - 1893) was a lawyer and politician who was a U. S. Representative for…

The controversial General Benjamin Franklin Butler declares that the African Americans are "contraband of war" during the Civil War.

General Butler Declaring African Americans "Contraband of War"

The controversial General Benjamin Franklin Butler declares that the African Americans are "contraband…

General George B. McClellan (1826 - 1885) was a major general during the Civil War. He is most known for organizing the Army of the Potomac and briefly serving as general-in-chief of the Union Army from November 1861 to March 1862.

General George B. McClellan

General George B. McClellan (1826 - 1885) was a major general during the Civil War. He is most known…

General Nathaniel Lyon (1818 - 1861) was the first Union general to be killed in the Civil War and is most known for his actions in the state of Missouri at the beginning of the war. General Lyon is a controversial figure from the Civil War because some credit his quick action and hard line Unionism for stopping the Missouri secession but others question his influence and role in events such as the Camp Jackson Affair.

General Nathaniel Lyon

General Nathaniel Lyon (1818 - 1861) was the first Union general to be killed in the Civil War and is…

General Joseph Eggleston Johnston, also known as General J. E. Johnston (1807 - 1891) was a U.S. Army officer who served with distinction in the Mexican-American War and Seminole Wars and was one of the most senior general officers in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War.

General Joseph Eggleston Johnston

General Joseph Eggleston Johnston, also known as General J. E. Johnston (1807 - 1891) was a U.S. Army…

General James Longstreet (1821 - 1904) was a famous Confederate general of the American Civil War and principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee. General Longstreet was called "Old War Horse" by General Robert E. Lee.

General James Longstreet

General James Longstreet (1821 - 1904) was a famous Confederate general of the American Civil War and…

The First Battle of Bull Run is also known as the First Battle of Manassas and was the first major land battle of the Civil War fought on July 21, 1861 near Manassas, Virginia. Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell advanced his Union Army troops across Bull Run against the Confederate Army under Brig. Gens. Joseph E. Johnston and P.G.T. Buearegard. The Union was forced to retreat back to Washington, D.C.

First Battle of Bull Run

The First Battle of Bull Run is also known as the First Battle of Manassas and was the first major land…

The Robinson House belonged to a free African American during the First Battle of Bull Run. The house was captured and the battle was fought near the famous house.

Robinson's House in Battle of Bull Run

The Robinson House belonged to a free African American during the First Battle of Bull Run. The house…

Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (1824 - 1863) was on of the most well-known Confederate generals during the Civil War.

General Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson

Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (1824 - 1863) was on of the most well-known Confederate generals…

The Battle of Ball's Bluff is also known as the Battle of Harrison's Island or the Battle of Leesburg, which was fought on October 21, 1861, in Loudon County, Virginia. It was the second largest battle of the Eastern Theater in 1861. In the center of the sketch is Colonel Edward Dickinson Baker who was killed during the battle.

Battle of Ball's Bluff

The Battle of Ball's Bluff is also known as the Battle of Harrison's Island or the Battle of Leesburg,…

Colonel Edward Dickinson Baker (1811 - 1861) who served for the state of Illinois in the U.S. House of Representatives and later as a U.S. Senator from Oregon. Baker served as a colonel during the Mexican-American War and the Civil War where he was killed in the Battle of Ball's Bluff becoming the only sitting senator to be killed in the Civil War.

Colonel Edward Dickinson Baker

Colonel Edward Dickinson Baker (1811 - 1861) who served for the state of Illinois in the U.S. House…

The Battle of Ball's Bluff is also known as the Battle of Harrison's Island or the Battle of Leesburg, which was fought on October 21, 1861, in Loudon County, Virginia. It was the second largest battle of the Eastern Theater in 1861.

Battle of Ball's Bluff

The Battle of Ball's Bluff is also known as the Battle of Harrison's Island or the Battle of Leesburg,…

The house in which General Grant was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio, east of Cincinnati on the Ohio River.

General Ulysses Grant's Birthplace

The house in which General Grant was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio, east of Cincinnati on the Ohio River.

The Battle of Belmont was fought on November 7, 1861 in Mississippi County, Missouri. This battle was the first combat test in the Civil War for General Ulysses S. Grant, the future Union Army general in chief and eventual U.S. president. The sketch shows the Confederate batteries on the bluff and at its base. The steamboats are drawn up against the western shore.

Battle of Belmont

The Battle of Belmont was fought on November 7, 1861 in Mississippi County, Missouri. This battle was…

James Abram Garfield (1831 - 1881) was the 20th President of the United States and General of the Union Army during the Civil War. Garfield was the second U.S. President to be assassinated.

General James Abram Garfield

James Abram Garfield (1831 - 1881) was the 20th President of the United States and General of the Union…

A gunboat of the Mississippi. Gunboats <I>Essex, Carondelete, Cincinnati, St. Louis, </I> and <I>Benton</I> steamed up to the levee at Cairo during the Civil War.

Gunboat of the Mississippi

A gunboat of the Mississippi. Gunboats Essex, Carondelete, Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Benton steamed…

Andrew Hull Foote (1806 - 1863) was an admiral in the United States Navy who served during the Civil War.

Admiral Andrew Hull Foote

Andrew Hull Foote (1806 - 1863) was an admiral in the United States Navy who served during the Civil…

The gunboats shooting at Fort Henry in western Tennessee.

Gunboats at Fort Henry

The gunboats shooting at Fort Henry in western Tennessee.

Attack of the gunboats at Fort Donelson, one of the most influential battles in American history. This view is southwest. The attack of General Smith was from the ground behind the house on the right.

Attack of the Gunboats at Fort Donelson

Attack of the gunboats at Fort Donelson, one of the most influential battles in American history. This…

The Battle of Pea Ridge, also known as Elkhorn Tavern, was fought on March 7th and 8th in 1862 during the Civil War. This was one of the battles in which a Confederate army outnumbered a Union army.

Battle of Pea Ridge

The Battle of Pea Ridge, also known as Elkhorn Tavern, was fought on March 7th and 8th in 1862 during…

John Ericsson (1803 - 1889) was a Swedish inventor and mechanical engineer. After the Civil War began, Ericsson designed the USS <em>Monitor</em>, a unique design of armored ship and after much controversy was build and finished on March 6, 1862 after 100 days.

John Ericsson

John Ericsson (1803 - 1889) was a Swedish inventor and mechanical engineer. After the Civil War began,…

Ambrose Everett Burnside (1824 - 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island, serving as governor and a U.S. Senator. Burnside was a Union Army general in the Civil War and conducted campaigns in North Carolina and East Tennessee but was defeated in the Battle of Fredericksburg and Battle of the Crater. The term "sideburns" is derived from his last name and his distinctive style of facial hair.

General Ambrose Everett Burnside

Ambrose Everett Burnside (1824 - 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist,…

Henry Augustus Wise (1819 - 1869) was a U.S. Naval Officer who served in the U.S. - Mexican War and the Civil War as a captain.

Henry Augustus Wise

Henry Augustus Wise (1819 - 1869) was a U.S. Naval Officer who served in the U.S. - Mexican War and…

Judah Philip Benjamin (1811 - 1884) was an American politician and lawyer. Benjamin was the first Attorney General of the Confederacy on February 25, 1861. He is often referred to as "the brains of the Confederacy."

Judah Philip Benjamin

Judah Philip Benjamin (1811 - 1884) was an American politician and lawyer. Benjamin was the first Attorney…

Landing at the Battle of New Bern, also known as the Battle of New Berne or Battle of Newbern which was fought on March 14, 1862 near the city of New Bern, North Carolina. This battle was part of the Burnside Expedition of the Civil War.

Battle of New Bern

Landing at the Battle of New Bern, also known as the Battle of New Berne or Battle of Newbern which…

Bombardment and capture of Island Number 10 was an engagement at the New Madrid or Kentucky Bend on the Mississippi River during the Civil War lasting from February 28 to April 8, 1862.

Battle of Island Number Ten

Bombardment and capture of Island Number 10 was an engagement at the New Madrid or Kentucky Bend on…

The USS <em>Carondelet</em> was a City class ironclad gunboat constructed for the Union Navy by James B. Eads during the Civil War.

USS Carondelet

The USS Carondelet was a City class ironclad gunboat constructed for the Union Navy by James…

The Shiloh Church is an important landmark during the Civil War during the Battle of Shiloh, also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing fought on April 6 and April 7, 1862.

Shiloh Church at Battle of Shiloh

The Shiloh Church is an important landmark during the Civil War during the Battle of Shiloh, also known…

Lewis "Lew" Wallace (1827 - 1905) was a lawyer, governor, and Union general in the Civil War. He is most known for his historical novel <em>Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ</em>.He was the eleventh governor of the New Mexico Territory.

Lewis Wallace

Lewis "Lew" Wallace (1827 - 1905) was a lawyer, governor, and Union general in the Civil War. He is…

Pittsburg Landing is a town in Hardin County, Tennessee and is named for the industrial heritage of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Much of the Battle of Shiloh was fought at Pittsburg Landing during the Civil War.

Pittsburg Landing in Tennessee

Pittsburg Landing is a town in Hardin County, Tennessee and is named for the industrial heritage of…

Battle of Fort Pillow is also known as the Fort Pillow Massacre, fought on April 12, 1864 on the Mississippi River in Henning Tennessee, during the Civil War.

Battle of Fort Pillow

Battle of Fort Pillow is also known as the Fort Pillow Massacre, fought on April 12, 1864 on the Mississippi…

The First Battle of Memphis was a naval battle fought on the Mississippi River directly above the city of Memphis on June 6, 1862 during the Civil War. The battle marked the eradication of a Confederate naval presence on the Mississippi River.

First Battle of Memphis

The First Battle of Memphis was a naval battle fought on the Mississippi River directly above the city…

Arrival of a Federal Column at a Planter's House in Dixie.

Column Arrival at a Planter's House

Arrival of a Federal Column at a Planter's House in Dixie.

The Battle of Fair Oaks, also known as the Battle of Seven Pines or Fair Oaks Station was fought on May 31 and June 1, 1862 in Henrico County, Virginia as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the Civil War.

Battle of Fair Oaks

The Battle of Fair Oaks, also known as the Battle of Seven Pines or Fair Oaks Station was fought on…

General Robert E. Lee (1807 - 1870) was a career United States Army officer and one of the most celebrated generals in American history. He was a top graduate of West Point and is best known for commanding the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the Civil War.

General Robert E. Lee

General Robert E. Lee (1807 - 1870) was a career United States Army officer and one of the most celebrated…

The Battle of Beaver Dam Creek, also known as the Battle of Mechanicsville or Ellerson's Mill took place on June 26, 1862 in Hanover County, Virginia. The Battle of Mechanicsville was the first major engagement of the Seven Days Battles of the Civil War.

Battle of Mechanicsville

The Battle of Beaver Dam Creek, also known as the Battle of Mechanicsville or Ellerson's Mill took place…

Watts' House was an important house during the Battle of Gaines' Mill, also known as the First Battle of Cold Harbor or the Battle of Chickahominy River took place on June 27, 1862.

Watts' House at Battle of Gaines' Mill

Watts' House was an important house during the Battle of Gaines' Mill, also known as the First Battle…

The Battle of Gaines' Mill, also known as the First Battle of Cold Harbor or the Battle of Chickahominy River took place on June 27, 1862 in Hanover County, Virginia as the third of the Seven Days Battles of the Civil War.

Battle of Gaines' Mill

The Battle of Gaines' Mill, also known as the First Battle of Cold Harbor or the Battle of Chickahominy…

This sketch depicts the famous New Cold Harbor where the Battle of Cold Harbor took place. This was the final battle of Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 Overland Campaign during the American Civil War, is remembered as one of American history's bloodiest battles.

Battle of Cold Harbor

This sketch depicts the famous New Cold Harbor where the Battle of Cold Harbor took place. This was…

The Battle of Malvern Hill, also known as the Battle of Poindexter's Farm took place on July 1, 1862, in Henrico County, Virginia was the sixth and last of the Seven Days Battles of the Civil War.

Battle of Malvern Hill

The Battle of Malvern Hill, also known as the Battle of Poindexter's Farm took place on July 1, 1862,…

Harrison's Landing at Berkeley Plantation is one of the first great estates in America located on the banks of the James River on State Route 5 in Charles City County, Virginia. During the Civil War, Union troops occupied Berkeley Plantation at Harrison's Landing.

Harrison's Landing

Harrison's Landing at Berkeley Plantation is one of the first great estates in America located on the…