Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Low, have the first finger accented.  Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide".  Back Glide-Indicated positions, being posterior, have the palm held laterally at an angle to the arm.

Indicated Low Wide Back Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Low, have the first finger accented.  Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide".  Top Glide-Indicated positions have the lower phalanges of the fingers at right angles to the plane of the palm.

Indicated Low Wide Top Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Low, have the first finger accented.  Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide".  Point Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated Low Wide Point Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics of certain central-aperature consonants with the wide or expanded quality of vowels, but differing from vowels in not having a fixed configuration. ...in representing glides the peculiarities of consonants and vowels are blended: the accented fingers, by being straightened, contribute a consonant characteristic; while the second phalanx of the thumb, by being held at an angle to the plane of the palm, imparts to the glide positions the wide, without giving them the firm, quality of vowel positions. <p> Glides-Indicated positions are distinguished by having the accent finger straightened, and the accented voice phalanx of the thumb in contact with that finger's second phalanx. They are adapted to illustrate the easy transition from Vowel to Glide. Glides-Indicated possess exactly the same phonetic value and significance as the Glides which they respectively replace. When used with a Low, have the first finger accented.  Straightened unaccented fingers should be employed only to indicate "Wide".  Lip Glide-Indicated positions, being anterior, have the palm upright and in line with the arm.

Indicated Low Wide Lip Glide

Glides are only transitional sounds. They are intermediate to Consonants and Vowels, combining the characteristics…

Illustration used to construct a triangle given the length of the base and the two base angles.

Construction of Triangle Given Angles and Base

Illustration used to construct a triangle given the length of the base and the two base angles.

"The gyron is a triangular figure formed by drawing a line from the dexter angle of the chief of the shield to the fess point, and an horizontal line from that point to the dexter side of the shield." -Hall, 1862

Gyron Ordinary

"The gyron is a triangular figure formed by drawing a line from the dexter angle of the chief of the…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. If the change in horizontal alignment is 135 degrees or more, the Hairpin Curve sign may be used.

U-Turn, Black and White

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. If the change in horizontal alignment is 135 degrees or more, the Hairpin Curve sign may be used.

U-Turn, Color

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. If the change in horizontal alignment is 135 degrees or more, the Hairpin Curve sign may be used.

U-Turn, Outline

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. If the change in horizontal alignment is 135 degrees or more, the Hairpin Curve sign may be used.

U-Turn, Silhouette

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. If the change in horizontal alignment is approximately 270 degrees, such as on a cloverleaf interchange ramp, the 270-degree Loop sign may be used.

270 Degree Loop, Black and White

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. If the change in horizontal alignment is approximately 270 degrees, such as on a cloverleaf interchange ramp, the 270-degree Loop sign may be used.

270 Degree Loop, Color

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. If the change in horizontal alignment is approximately 270 degrees, such as on a cloverleaf interchange ramp, the 270-degree Loop sign may be used.

270 Degree Loop, Outline

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. If the change in horizontal alignment is approximately 270 degrees, such as on a cloverleaf interchange ramp, the 270-degree Loop sign may be used.

270 Degree Loop, Silhouette

The horizontal alignment signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment…

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on the far side of a T-intersection in line with, and at approximately a right angle to, approaching traffic. The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall not be used where there is no change in the direction of travel such as at the beginnings and ends of medians or at center piers.

Two-Direction Large Arrow, Black and White

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on…

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on the far side of a T-intersection in line with, and at approximately a right angle to, approaching traffic. The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall not be used where there is no change in the direction of travel such as at the beginnings and ends of medians or at center piers.

Two-Direction Large Arrow, Color

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on…

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on the far side of a T-intersection in line with, and at approximately a right angle to, approaching traffic. The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall not be used where there is no change in the direction of travel such as at the beginnings and ends of medians or at center piers.

Two-Direction Large Arrow, Outline

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on…

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on the far side of a T-intersection in line with, and at approximately a right angle to, approaching traffic. The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall not be used where there is no change in the direction of travel such as at the beginnings and ends of medians or at center piers.

Two-Direction Large Arrow, Silhouette

The Two-Direction Large Arrow sign shall be a horizontal rectangle. If used, it shall be installed on…

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between the intersection and condition is not sufficient to provide adequate advance placement of the warning sign, a Supplemental Arrow plaque should be used below the warningsign.

Supplemental Arrow, Black and White

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between…

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between the intersection and condition is not sufficient to provide adequate advance placement of the warning sign, a Supplemental Arrow plaque should be used below the warningsign.

Supplemental Arrow, Color

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between…

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between the intersection and condition is not sufficient to provide adequate advance placement of the warning sign, a Supplemental Arrow plaque should be used below the warningsign.

Supplemental Arrow, Outline

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between…

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between the intersection and condition is not sufficient to provide adequate advance placement of the warning sign, a Supplemental Arrow plaque should be used below the warningsign.

Supplemental Arrow, Silhouette

If the condition indicated by a warning sign is located on an intersecting road and the distance between…

The Skewed Crossing sign may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the railroad tracks are not perpendicular to the highway. If the Skewed Crossing sign is used, the symbol should show the direction of the crossing (near left to far right as shown in Figure 8B-5, or the mirror image if the track goes from far left to near right). If the Skewed Crossing sign is used where the angle of the crossing is significantly different than 45 degrees, the symbol should show the approximate angle of the crossing.

Skewed Crossing, Black and White

The Skewed Crossing sign may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the…

The Skewed Crossing sign may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the railroad tracks are not perpendicular to the highway. If the Skewed Crossing sign is used, the symbol should show the direction of the crossing (near left to far right as shown in Figure 8B-5, or the mirror image if the track goes from far left to near right). If the Skewed Crossing sign is used where the angle of the crossing is significantly different than 45 degrees, the symbol should show the approximate angle of the crossing.

Skewed Crossing, Color

The Skewed Crossing sign may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the…

The Skewed Crossing sign may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the railroad tracks are not perpendicular to the highway. If the Skewed Crossing sign is used, the symbol should show the direction of the crossing (near left to far right as shown in Figure 8B-5, or the mirror image if the track goes from far left to near right). If the Skewed Crossing sign is used where the angle of the crossing is significantly different than 45 degrees, the symbol should show the approximate angle of the crossing.

Skewed Crossing, Outline

The Skewed Crossing sign may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the…

The Skewed Crossing sign may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the railroad tracks are not perpendicular to the highway. If the Skewed Crossing sign is used, the symbol should show the direction of the crossing (near left to far right as shown in Figure 8B-5, or the mirror image if the track goes from far left to near right). If the Skewed Crossing sign is used where the angle of the crossing is significantly different than 45 degrees, the symbol should show the approximate angle of the crossing.

Skewed Crossing, Silhouette

The Skewed Crossing sign may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the…

"The grated helmet in profile is common to all degrees of peerage under a duke." -Hall, 1862

Grated Helmet Profile

"The grated helmet in profile is common to all degrees of peerage under a duke." -Hall, 1862

"fig. 25 - Topography of a Bird. 1, forehead (frons). 2, lore. 3, circumocular region. 4, crown (vertex). 5, eye. 6, hind head (occiput). 7, nape (nucha). 8, hind neck (cervix). 9, side of neck. 10, interscapular region. 11, dorsum, or back proper, including 10. 12, notaeum, or upper part of body proper, including 10, 11, and 13. 13, rump (uropygium). 14, upper tail-coverts. 15, tail. 16, under tail-coverts (crissum). 17, tarsus. 18, abdomen. 19, hind toe (hallux). 20, gastraeum, including 18 and 24. 21, outer and fourth toe. 22, middle and third toe. 23, side of the body. 24, breast (pectus). 25, primaries. 26, secondaries. 27, tertiaries; nos. 25, 26, 27 are all coverts. 28, primary coverts. 29, alula, or bastard wing. 30, greater coverts. 31, median coverts. 32, lesser coverts. 33, the "throat," including 34, 37, 38. 34, jugulum or lower throat. 35, auriculars. 36, malar region. 37, gula, or middle throat. 38, mentum, or chin. 39, angle of commissure, or corner of mouth. 40, ramus of under mandible. 41, side of under mandible. 42, gonys. 43, apex, or tip of bill. 44, tomia, or cutting edges of the bill. 45, culmen, or ridge of upper mandible, corresponding to gonys. 46, side of upper mandible. 47, nostril. 48, passes across the bill a little in front of it base." Elliot Coues, 1884

Topography of a Bird

"fig. 25 - Topography of a Bird. 1, forehead (frons). 2, lore. 3, circumocular region. 4, crown (vertex).…

"Fig. 26 - Parts of a Bill. a, side of upper mandible; b, culmen; c, nasal fossa; d, nostril; e(see below); f, gape, or whole commissural line; g, rictus; h, commissural point or angle of the mouth; i, ramus of under jaw; j, tomia of under mandible (the reference lines e should have been drawn to indicate the correct tomia of upper mandible):k, angle of gonys; l, gonys; m, side of under mandible; n, tips of mandibles." Elliot Coues, 1884

The Parts of a Bird Bill

"Fig. 26 - Parts of a Bill. a, side of upper mandible; b, culmen; c, nasal fossa; d, nostril; e(see…

"Goniometer. An instrument for measuring solid angles, or the inclination of planes, particularly the angles formed by the faces of crystals." -Whitney, 1911

Hand Goniometer

"Goniometer. An instrument for measuring solid angles, or the inclination of planes, particularly the…

"Goniometer. An instrument for measuring solid angles, or the inclination of planes, particularly the angles formed by the faces of crystals." -Whitney, 1911

Reflection Goniometer

"Goniometer. An instrument for measuring solid angles, or the inclination of planes, particularly the…

"Fig 27. - Bones of the right wing of a duck, Clangula islandica, A, shoulder, omos; B, elbow, ancon; C, wrist, carpus; D, end of principal finger; E, end of hand proper, metacarpus. AB, upper arm, brachium; BC, fore-arm, antibrachium; CD, whole hand or pinion, manus; composed of CE, hand proper or metacarpus, excepting d2; ED, or d2, d3, d4, fingers, digits, digiti, h, humerus; rd, radius; ul, ulna; sc, outer carpal, scapholunare or radiale; cu, inner carpal, cuneiforme or ulnare; these two composing wrist or carpus. mc, the compound hand-bone or metcarpus, composed of three metacarpal bones, bearing as many digits - the outer digit seated upon a protuberance at the head of the metacarpal, the other two situated at the end of the bone. d2, the outer or radial digit, commonly called the thumb or pollex, composed or two phalanges; d3, the middle digit, of two phalanges; d4, the inner or ulnar digit, of one phalanx d2 is the seat of the feathers of the bastard wing or alula. D to C (whole pinion), seat of the flight feathers called primaries; C to B (fore-arm), seat of the secondaries; at B and above it in direction of A, seat of tertiaries proper; below A, in direction of B, seat of scapularies (upon pteryla humeralis), often called tertiaries. The wing shown half-spread: complete extension would bring A B C D into a right line; in complete folding C goes to A, and D to B; all these motions nearly in the plane of the paper. The elbow-joint and wrist are such perfect hinges, that, in opening or closing the wing, C cannot sink below the paper, nor D fly up above the paper, as would otherwise be the effect of the pressure of the air upon the flight-feathers. Observe also rd and ul are two rods connecting B and C; the construction of their joining at B and C, and with each other, is such, that they can slide lengthwise a little upon each other. Now when the point C, revolving about B, approaches A in the arc of a circle, rd pushes on sc, while ul pulls back cu; the motion is transmitted to D, and makes this point approach B. conversely, in opening the wing, rd pulls back sc, and ul pushes on cu, making D recede from B. In other words, the angle A B C cannot be increased or diminished without similarly increasing or diminishing the angle B C D; so that no part of the wing can be opened or shut without automatically opening or shutting the rest..." Elliot Coues, 1884

The Bones of the Right Wing of a Duck

"Fig 27. - Bones of the right wing of a duck, Clangula islandica, A, shoulder, omos; B, elbow, ancon;…

Illustration used to prove "Two angles whose sides are perpendicular each to each are either equal or supplementary."

Angles With Perpendicular Sides Are Equal or Supplementary Proof

Illustration used to prove "Two angles whose sides are perpendicular each to each are either equal or…

Illustration used to prove "An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two remote interior angles."

Exterior Angle Proof

Illustration used to prove "An exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the two remote interior…

Illustration used to prove "The sum of all the angles of any polygon is twice as many right angles as the polygon has sides, less four right angles."

Sum of Interior Angles of a Polygon Proof

Illustration used to prove "The sum of all the angles of any polygon is twice as many right angles as…

Illustration used to prove "If the sides of any polygon are prolonged in succession one way, no two adjacent sides being prolonged through the same vertex, the sum of the exterior angles thus formed is four right angles."

Sum of Exterior Angles of a Polygon Proof

Illustration used to prove "If the sides of any polygon are prolonged in succession one way, no two…

Illustration used to prove the theorem "Two parallelograms are equal if two sides and the included angle of one are equal respectively to two sides and the included angle of the other."

2 Equal Parallelograms

Illustration used to prove the theorem "Two parallelograms are equal if two sides and the included angle…

Illustration used to show "The two perpendiculars to the sides of an angle from any point in its bisector are equal."

Perpendiculars To The Sides Of An Angle

Illustration used to show "The two perpendiculars to the sides of an angle from any point in its bisector…

Illustration used to show "The two perpendiculars to the sides of an angle from any point not in its bisector are unequal."

Perpendiculars To The Sides Of An Angle

Illustration used to show "The two perpendiculars to the sides of an angle from any point not in its…

Illustration used to prove "The bisectors of the angles of a triangle are concurrent in a point which is equidistant from the three sides of the triangle."

Angle Bisectors In A Triangle

Illustration used to prove "The bisectors of the angles of a triangle are concurrent in a point which…

Illustration used to prove "The perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle are concurrent in a point which is equidistant from the three vertices of the triangle."

Perpendicular Bisectors In A Triangle

Illustration used to prove "The perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle are concurrent in…

Illustration used to show "If one acute angle of a right triangle is double the other, the hypotenuse is double the shorter side."

Relationships In A Right Triangle

Illustration used to show "If one acute angle of a right triangle is double the other, the hypotenuse…

Illustration used to show the various parts of a triangle: sides, angles, medians, altitudes, bisectors, and segments.

Parts Of A Triangle

Illustration used to show the various parts of a triangle: sides, angles, medians, altitudes, bisectors,…

Illustration of a circle with central angle AOB.

Central Angle in a Circle

Illustration of a circle with central angle AOB.

"Griffe from V&eacute;zelay. GRIFFE. In medieval architecture, from the eleventh to the fifteenth century, an ornament on the bases of pillars, connecting the torus with each angle of the plinth." -Whitney, 1911

Griffe

"Griffe from Vézelay. GRIFFE. In medieval architecture, from the eleventh to the fifteenth century,…

"Griffe from Poissy; end of 12th century. GRIFFE. In medieval architecture, from the eleventh to the fifteenth century, an ornament on the bases of pillars, connecting the torus with each angle of the plinth." -Whitney, 1911

Griffe

"Griffe from Poissy; end of 12th century. GRIFFE. In medieval architecture, from the eleventh to the…

"Medieval Groins in early 12th century vaulting. A, A, groins. GROIN. In architecture, the curved intersection or arris of simple vaults crossing each other at any angle." -Whitney, 1911

Groin Vault

"Medieval Groins in early 12th century vaulting. A, A, groins. GROIN. In architecture, the curved intersection…

Illustration of a circle with center O and diameters AB and CD perpendicular to each other.

Circle With 2 Perpendicular Diameters

Illustration of a circle with center O and diameters AB and CD perpendicular to each other.

Illustration of a circle that can be used to show that an "angle at the center of a circle is measured by its intercepted arc."

Central Angles and Arcs in a Circle

Illustration of a circle that can be used to show that an "angle at the center of a circle is measured…

Illustration of a circle that can be used to show that an "angle at the center of a circle is measured by its intercepted arc." Angle AOB and angle COE are commensurable.

Central Angles and Arcs in a Circle

Illustration of a circle that can be used to show that an "angle at the center of a circle is measured…

Illustration of a circle that can be used to show that an "angle at the center of a circle is measured by its intercepted arc." Angle AOB and angle COE are incommensurable.

Central Angles and Arcs in a Circle

Illustration of a circle that can be used to show that an "angle at the center of a circle is measured…

Illustration of a circle with an inscribed angle that can be used to prove that "An inscribed angle is measured by one half of its intercepted arc." In this case, one side of angle ABC passes through the center of the circle.

Inscribed Angle in a Circle Proof

Illustration of a circle with an inscribed angle that can be used to prove that "An inscribed angle…

Illustration of a circle with an inscribed angle that can be used to prove that "An inscribed angle is measured by one half of its intercepted arc." In this case, center O lies within angle ABC.

Inscribed Angle in a Circle Proof

Illustration of a circle with an inscribed angle that can be used to prove that "An inscribed angle…

Illustration of a circle with an inscribed angle that can be used to prove that "An inscribed angle is measured by one half of its intercepted arc." In this case, center O lies outside angle ABC.

Inscribed Angle in a Circle Proof

Illustration of a circle with an inscribed angle that can be used to prove that "An inscribed angle…

Illustration of a circle used to prove "All angles inscribed in the same segment are equal."

Angles Inscribed in the Same Segment Circle Proof

Illustration of a circle used to prove "All angles inscribed in the same segment are equal."

Illustration of a circle used to prove "Any angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle."

Right Angles Inscribed in Semicircle Proof

Illustration of a circle used to prove "Any angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle."

Illustration of a circle used to prove "Any angle inscribed in a segment less than a semicircle is an obtuse angle."

Obtuse Angles Inscribed in Circle Proof

Illustration of a circle used to prove "Any angle inscribed in a segment less than a semicircle is an…

"A quadrant, or one fourth of a circle. The oblique lines indicate various angles with the base. The heavy line indicates the inclination of the earth's axis as compared with the plane of its orbit, which is represented by the base." -Wiswell, 1913

Inclination of Earth's Axis

"A quadrant, or one fourth of a circle. The oblique lines indicate various angles with the base. The…

"Passerculs bairdi. Baird's Savanna Sparrow. Inner secondaries less elongated, rarely equaling the primaries in the closed wings. First 4 quills about equal and longest. Hind toe and claw about equaling the middle toe and claw, its claw about equaling the digit. Tail shorter than wing, lightly double-rounded (central and outer pair of feathers both little shorter than the intermediate ones). Top of head streaked with black and rich brownish-yellow. or buff, the former predominating laterally, the latter chiefly as a median stripe, but also suffusing the nape and sides of head in greater or less degree. Back varied with brownish-black and gray, together with a little bay, the two latter colors forming the edgings of the interscapulars. Rump variegated with gray and chestnut-brown, different in shade from that of the back. Under parts dull white, usually with a faint ochrey tinge on the breast, but often without; a circlet of small, sharp, sparse, dusky streaks across the breast, continuous with others, longer and mostly lighter, along the whole sides, and with others, again, extending up the sides of the neck into small vague maxillary and aurigular markings. When the feathers are perfectly arranged these lateral head-markings are seen to be post-ocular stripe just over the auricular spot, a streak starting from the angle of the mouth, and another heavier one parallel with and below this, running directly into the pectoral ones. Quills without special marking, excepting the elongated inner secondaries, which correspond with scapulars. Tail the same, slightly whitish-edge. Upper mandible mostly dark, lower pale. Feet flesh-colored." Elliot Coues, 1884

Baird's Sparrow

"Passerculs bairdi. Baird's Savanna Sparrow. Inner secondaries less elongated, rarely equaling the primaries…

"A, symphysis menti; B, angle of jaw; C, body or horizontal ramus; D, coronoid process; E, ascending ramus; F, condyle; the teeth inserted along the alveolar border. The concave line between D and F is the condyloid notch." -Century, 1889

Lower Jawbone of Man

"A, symphysis menti; B, angle of jaw; C, body or horizontal ramus; D, coronoid process; E, ascending…