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"The crew of the United States gunboat <em>Mahaska</em>, Captain Foxhall A. Parker destroying the water battery built by the Confederates at West Point, York River."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Mahaska Crew

"The crew of the United States gunboat Mahaska, Captain Foxhall A. Parker destroying the water…

"The town of Falmouth, Va. on the Rappahannock, opposite Fredericksburg. Headquarters of General Burnside and the army of the Potomac. Our special artist wrote us: 'Falmouth has that decaying, half sleepy look so characteristic of all Southern cities. A coat of paint is evidently the covering of a century, and the doors and windows cry out loudly for the glazier and carpenter. Falmouth is now the headquarters of General Burnside, and, being immediately opposite to Fredericksburg, will soon be the scene of most important operations. The river here is about six hundred feet wide, and is very often fordable. A mile to the east the railroad passes from Aquia Creek to Richmond. The bridge was burned lately, and has of course not been repaired, the army intending to pass over on pontoon bridges.'"&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Falmouth

"The town of Falmouth, Va. on the Rappahannock, opposite Fredericksburg. Headquarters of General Burnside…

"The Confederate invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania. The Confederate cavalry crossing the Potomac, June 11th, 1863. When the Confederate cavalry force under General Jenkins crossed the Potomac, a movement happily portrayed by our artist, and hurried across Maryland, within the borders of the Keystone State all with confusion and alarm. As they advanced it was impossible to tell what point would be assailed. Pittsburg, with its machine shops and foundries; Harrisburg, the capital, with the State archives; Philadelphia with its great wealth, might any or all be reached. in this emergency the Governor exerted his full powers, the citizens to some extent rallying to his call."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Confederate Invasion

"The Confederate invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania. The Confederate cavalry crossing the Potomac,…

"Battle of Gettysburg, Thursday evening, July 2nd, 1863, as seen from Rocky Hill, on Meade's left. Our illustration shows the fight on Thursday evening, July 2nd, 1863, and we almost may say on Friday evening, from Rocky Hill, on the left of General Meade's position, where the Fifth Corps was posted. The lines of the enemy can be seen coming over the hill and out of the woods, in their fierce onset on the Federal line in the rocky field. The fire that met the Confederates at the foot of the ridge was so hot that the entire line of the now fairly exhausted Confederates for a moment wavered and then recoiled. Seeing this, Meade ordered a general advance, in which the remainder of Doubleday's force participated. After another spirited contest it succeeded just before sunset in driving back the Confederates nearly up to their line of reserves, and in taking some of the guns that had been previously captured. Thus ended the engagement on the left centre. A new line was then formed with the divisions of Doubleday and Robinson, and by part of the Twelfth Corps, then under General Williams, who had taken Slocum's place when the latter assumed command of the entire right wing. Contrary to Lee's expectation, Ewell on the extreme left did not advance until quite a while after Longstreet had attacked Birney's division. Johnson's force crossed Rock Creek, and with its extreme right moved against Wadsworth and Green, the latter being the only brigade of Geary's division left at Culp's Hill. Geary's other brigades, under Colonel Charles Candy and George Cobham, had previously been ordered away by Meade toward Little Round Top."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Gettysburg

"Battle of Gettysburg, Thursday evening, July 2nd, 1863, as seen from Rocky Hill, on Meade's left. Our…

"Night burial of Colonel Garesche, Chief of Staff to Major General Rosecrans, on the battlefield of Stone River, Tenn."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Night Burial of Colonel Garesche

"Night burial of Colonel Garesche, Chief of Staff to Major General Rosecrans, on the battlefield of…

"General Myer, Chief Signal Officer, born in Newburgh, N. Y., September 20th, 1827; died in Buffalo, N. Y., August 24th, 1880."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Albert J. Myer

"General Myer, Chief Signal Officer, born in Newburgh, N. Y., September 20th, 1827; died in Buffalo,…

"Capture of the Anglo-Confederate steamer <em>Aries</em> off Bull's Bay, near Charleston, S. C., by the United States gunboat <em>Stettin</em>."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Aries

"Capture of the Anglo-Confederate steamer Aries off Bull's Bay, near Charleston, S. C., by…

"Confederate rams from Charleston Harbor attacking the Federal blockading squadron, January 31st, 1863. Official report of Rear Admiral Dupont: 'About four o'clock on the morning of the 31st of January, during the obscurity of a thick haze, two ironclad gunboats came out of Charleston by the main ship channel, unperceived by the squadron, and commenced a raid upon the blockading fleet. The <em>Mercedita</em> was the first vessel attacked. Captain Stellwagen had gone to his room for a short time, leaving Lieutenant Commanding Abbott on deck, when one of the ironclads suddenly appeared. Her approach was concealed by the haze and mist of the atmosphere. The vessel was immediately hailed and an order given to fire; but the ironclad being close aboard, and lying low in the water, no guns could be brought to bear. A heavy rifle shell was fired from the enemy, which entered the starboard side of the <em>Mercedita</em>, passed through her condenser, the steam drum of her port boiler, and exploded against her port side, blowing a hole in its exit some four or give feet square, killing the gunner, and, by the escape of steam, a number of the men, and rendering her motive power apparently useless. Unable to use his guns, and being at the mercy of the enemy, which was lying alongside on his starboard quarter, all further resistance was deemed hopeless by Captain Stellwagen, and he surrendered.'"&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Confederate rams

"Confederate rams from Charleston Harbor attacking the Federal blockading squadron, January 31st, 1863.…

"Fort on Fenwick's Island, South Edisto River, S. C."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Fenwick's Island

"Fort on Fenwick's Island, South Edisto River, S. C."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"The Federal siege works on Bogue Island, N. C., erected for the reduction of Fort Macon. Our sketch represents the covering of the working parties while constructing Captain Morris's Parrot-gun siege batteries on Bogue Island. Our correspondent said: 'Colonel White sometimes beguiles his leisure moments by throwing shells promiscuously about the sand spit upon which our works are located, doubtless to ascertain the exact position of the batteries and to annoy the working parties. The proceedings on such occasions are of the serio-comic order. At the word 'drop,' given by the sentinel in the 'rat hole' at the top of the sand hill upon seeing the flash from the gun at the fort, every man makes a bee-line at the double quick for the nearest cover, assuming a position as near the horizontal as possible. This gives comparative immunity from danger, and up to this time nobody has been hurt, except by falling pieces of shells which have exploded overhead.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Bogue Island

"The Federal siege works on Bogue Island, N. C., erected for the reduction of Fort Macon. Our sketch…

"Battle of Chickamauga- repulse of the Confederates at Crawfish Creek. We present a most interesting sketch of the battle of Chickamauga, the repulse and check of the Confederate cavalry by the Twenty-fourth Illinois and Company K of the Nineteenth Illinois. They were separated from the Confederates by a stone fence and a small creek. Their daring and heroic resistance was never surpassed, some of them climbing the stone fence to meet the Confederates as they rushed madly down upon the gallant little band. They had the whole Confederate cavalry and four divisions of infantry and artillery to fight, but notwithstanding this vast odds they held their position until re-enforcements reached them. The Twenty-fourth Illinois was commanded by Colonel G. Michalotzy, who was slightly wounded in the right hand. They went into the battle with 330 men, and came out with but 163, less than half their number."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Chickamauga

"Battle of Chickamauga- repulse of the Confederates at Crawfish Creek. We present a most interesting…

"The War in Virginia. Capture of three Confederate guns, near Culpepper, by General Custer's cavalry brigade, September 14th, 1863. Our sketch represents General Custer's brilliant capture of Confederate cannon near Culpepper. General Pleasonton, on the 14th of September, 1863, drove the Confederates back on Culpepper, and General Custer with his brigade came up with Stuart's horse artillery, which he charged twice, himself at the head, and the second time took guns, limbers, horses and men. His horse was killed by a round shot, which wounded the general in the leg and killed a bugler behind him. Our artist gives a spirited view of this brilliant affair which cannot fail to be of interest."— Frank Leslie, 1896

War in Virginia

"The War in Virginia. Capture of three Confederate guns, near Culpepper, by General Custer's cavalry…

"Rear Admiral Alden, born in Portland, Me., March 31st, 1810, died in San Francisco, Cal., February 6th, 1877. He was appointed midshipman in 1828, and in that capacity accompanied the Wilkes Exploring Expedition around the world in 1838-'42. He was commissioned lieutenant in 1841, and served during the Mexican War, being present at the capture of Vera Cruz, Tuspan and Tabasco. In 1855-'56 he was actively engaged in the Indian war on Puget's Sound. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was in command of the steamer <em>South Carolina</em>, re-enforced Fort Pickens, Fla. and was in an engagement at Galveston, Tex. He commanded the sloop of war <em>Richmond</em> at the passage of Forts Jackson and St. Phillip and the capture of New Orleans, April, 1862, and was also at Port Hudson. He was made captain in 1863, and commanded the <em>Brooklyn</em>, participating in the capture of Mobile Bay, August, and in the two attacks on Fort Fisher. He was commissioned commodore in 1866, and two years later was placed in charge of the navy yard at Mare Island, Cal. In 1869 he was appointed chief of the bureau of navigation and detail in the Navy Department. He was promoted to the rank of rear admiral in 1871 and assigned command of the European Squadron."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Rear Admiral James Alden

"Rear Admiral Alden, born in Portland, Me., March 31st, 1810, died in San Francisco, Cal., February…

"General Ward, born in New York city, June 17th, 1823, was educated at Trinity Collegiate School; enlisted at the age of eighteen in the Seventh United States Infantry, and in four years rose through the several grades to that of sergeant major. In the Mexican War he participated in the siege of Fort Brown, received wounds at monterey, and was at the capture of Vera Cruz. At the beginning of the Civil War he recruited the Thirty-eighth New York volunteers, was appointed colonel of the regiment and let it at Bull Run and in all the battles of Peninsular campaign, and subsequently at the second Bull Run and Chantilly. Being promoted brigadier general of volunteers, October 4th, 1862, he commanded a brigade in the Third Corps at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, where he was wounded, as also at Kelly's Ford and Wapping Heights, he was in temporary command of the division. He was wounded at Spottsylvania, and was frequently commended for courage and capacity in official reports."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General J. H. Hobart Ward

"General Ward, born in New York city, June 17th, 1823, was educated at Trinity Collegiate School; enlisted…

"General Sumner, born in Boston Mass., January 30th, 1797, died in Syracuse, N. Y., March 21st, 1863, was educated at Milton (Mass.) Academy, and entered the army in 1819 as second lieutenant of infantry. In 1838 he was placed in command of the School of Cavalry Practice at Carlisle, Pa. He was promoted major in 1846, and in the Mexican War led the cavalry charge at Cerro Gordo in April, 1847. In March, 1861, he was appointed brigadier general in the regular army and sent to relieve General Albert Sidney Johnston, in command of the Department of the Pacific, but was recalled in the following year to the command of the First Corps of the Army of the Potomac. He served with gallantry at the siege of Yorktown and Fair Oaks. In the Seven Days' Battles he was wounded twice. In 1862 he was appointed major general of volunteers, led the Second Corps at the battle of Antietam, where he was wounded, and commanded one of the three grand divisions of Burnside's army at Fredericksburg."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Edwin V. Sumner

"General Sumner, born in Boston Mass., January 30th, 1797, died in Syracuse, N. Y., March 21st, 1863,…

"Rush's lancers guarding the roads, the day after the Battle of Antietam, to prevent the passage of civilians."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Guarding Lancers

"Rush's lancers guarding the roads, the day after the Battle of Antietam, to prevent the passage of…

"Siege of Vicksburg- General Sherman's fight with hand grenades, June 13th, 1863. On the 13th of June occurred in the siege of Vicksburg a scene hitherto unparalleled in the Civil War. By two o'clock in the morning General Sherman's corps had pushed up to the rifle pits, and to within twenty yards of one of the bastions. The Confederates threw lighted shells over the parapet on the Federal approach, and received in return twenty-three hand grenades, twenty of which exploded, driving the Confederates out. Cannon had now become useless to either party, and as musketry was of no avail, they had to resort to the old hand grenade."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Siege of Vicksburg

"Siege of Vicksburg- General Sherman's fight with hand grenades, June 13th, 1863. On the 13th of June…

"Battle of Chancellorsville, Sunday, May 3rd, 1863. General Hooker repulsing the attack of the enemy. Early on May 3rd, Stuart renewed the attack upon Hooker's force, with the battle cry, 'Charge and remember Jackson!' and the advance was made with such impetuosity that in a short time he was in possession of the crest from which the Eleventh Corps had been driven the preceding day. No time was lost in crowning that eminence with all the heavy artillery obtainable, and as soon as this could be made to play upon the Federal lines a charge was successively ordered upon the position held by Generals Berry and French, both of whom were supported by the divisions of Williams and Whipple. After a severe struggle the Confederates succeeded in capturing the high ground where the Federals had posted some more heavy artillery, and in turning the latter upon the Federals, who soon had to fall back to their second and third lines of intrenchments. The Confederates followed close upon them, and made charge after charge in order to capture the new positions, but unayailingly and when re-enforcements arrived from Meade's corps they were forced to abadon the attack."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Chancellorsville

"Battle of Chancellorsville, Sunday, May 3rd, 1863. General Hooker repulsing the attack of the enemy.…

"Drury's Bluff, a Confederate position on the James River, near Richmond, Va. The principal Confederate defense of Richmond was Fort Darling, a heavy work on a high bank called Drury's Bluff, eight miles below Richmond. Here the river was closed with heavy piling and vessels loaded with stone sunk in the channel. The work was casemated and mounted with heavy guns. It will be remembered that the Federal ironclads, the <em>Galena</em> and the <em>Monitor</em>, were repulsed here during the progress of the Peninsular campaign. The <em>Monitor</em> was unable to elevate her guns sufficiently to reach the works, and the sides of the <em>Galena</em> were not thick enough to resist the plunging shot from the fort, which struck its sides at right angles. The <em>Naugatuck</em>, the only other vessel engaged in the assault, burst her single gun on the second discharge."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Drury's Bluff

"Drury's Bluff, a Confederate position on the James River, near Richmond, Va. The principal Confederate…

"Towing the wounded Federal soldiers down the bayou on a raft, on the night of January 14th, 1863, after the Battle of Bayou Teche, La. General Banks had arranged to stop the depredations which the Confederate steamer <em>J. A. Cotton</em> had been long committing along the Bayou Teche. He had advanced from Labadieville on January 11th with four gunboats, ten regiments of infantry and one of artillery, reaching Carney's Bridge, near Pattersonville, early on the 14th. Their progress here was stopped by several earthworks, under whose guns lay the <em>J. A. Cotton</em>. Early on the 15th Commander McKean Buchanan opened fire from the <em>Calhoun</em>, and was joined in it by the other gunboats, while the troops were advancing on shore to engage the Confederate vessels and batteries from the rear. The troops were not long in subjecting their enemy to a fierce enfilading musketry and artillery fire from the woods; and such was its destructive effect that the <em>J. A. Cotton</em> had finally to retire toward an upper battery at Butte La Rose, on the Atchafalaya. Early on the following morning the <em>J. A. Cotton</em> was seen floating down the bayou in a sheet of flame, having been set afire and abandoned by the Confederates. The troops, therefore, returned to Brashcar City, the Federal wounded having been meanwhile placed on a raft and towed down the river."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Wounded Federals

"Towing the wounded Federal soldiers down the bayou on a raft, on the night of January 14th, 1863, after…

"Waterhouse's Battery, Sherman's Corps, before Vicksburg. The interior view of Waterhouse's battery, in Tuttle's division, shows the guns in position and the huts in which the men are crowded. These were built of canes tied together and covered with branches, the soldiers resorting to the style of dwelling of the Indians who dwelt there two centuries ago."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Waterhouse's Battery

"Waterhouse's Battery, Sherman's Corps, before Vicksburg. The interior view of Waterhouse's battery,…

"A street in Fredericksburg, Va., showing the result of the bombardment- federal soldiers grouped about. Our correspondent wrote: 'Considering the terrible nature of the bombardment, it is wonderful that not a single inhabitant was killed by it, although many families refused to avail themselves of the opportunity to leave before the firing commenced. These found shelter in the cellars of the houses, and thus escaped. The rest of the building, in many cases, was so shattered as to be perfectly uninhabitable. A fine old mansion in Main Street presented a melancholy spectacle, no less than thirty round shot having gone right through it, leaving the appearance of so many portholes. In the street the Federals bivouacked the night before the battle and the night after.'"&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Street in Fredericksburg

"A street in Fredericksburg, Va., showing the result of the bombardment- federal soldiers grouped about.…

"Bombardment of Fort McAllister, Ogeechee River, Ga., by the union ironclads <em>Patapsco</em>, <em>Passaic</em> and <em>Nahant</em>, Tuesday, March 5th 1863."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort McAllister

"Bombardment of Fort McAllister, Ogeechee River, Ga., by the union ironclads Patapsco, Passaic…

"Government buildings for 'Contrabands,' erected at Hilton Head, S. C., in 1862. Among the many singular questions that arose during the Civil War were, What was to be done with the contrabands? The government, from the first, took the only view a Christian one could take, and without encouraging their advent to our lines gave orders to receive them, as a mere question of humanity. Among the things which we owe to General Butler is the term contraband, and to his legal sagacity we are also indebted for the practical use to which they were applied. At Hilton Head they were employed to build fortifications, and after careful drilling made very efficient soldiers. Their numbers became so large that it necessitated the erection of new buildings for their accommodation. They were very comfortable and well ventilated, and had the great architectural merit of being perfectly adapted to their purpose."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Government Buildings - Contraband Camp

"Government buildings for 'Contrabands,' erected at Hilton Head, S. C., in 1862. Among the many singular…

"Siege of Vicksburg- cannon dismounted inside the Confederate works."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Cannon Dismounted

"Siege of Vicksburg- cannon dismounted inside the Confederate works."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"The advance upon Charleston, S. C.- pioneer movement- landing of the One Hundredth New York Volunteers upon Cole's Island, March 28th, 1863. On the morning of the 28th of March, 1863, the One Hundredth New York Volunteers, Colonel G. B. Danby, landed on Cole's Island, at the foot of James Island, nine miles from Charleston. This regiment was part of the Eighteenth Army Corps, and may be considered the pioneer of the grand expedition against Charleston. A reconnoissance of the island disclosed a Confederate battery near the end of the causeway that leads from Cole's Island to James Island, and also evidences of numerous concealed works on Folly and James Islands, where the Confederates had gathered a very large force. We will briefly describe the topography of this scene of action. John's Island is to the southwest of James Island, and may be said to include Seabrook and Cole's Island, which are only separated from it by a sort of marshy bayou, which at times is almost emptied of water."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Advance upon Charleston

"The advance upon Charleston, S. C.- pioneer movement- landing of the One Hundredth New York Volunteers…

"View of the town of Centreville, Va., with the battlefield of Bull Run, Bull Run Mountains, Thoroughfare Gap, and the Blue Ridge in the distance. An undying interest centres around the field of Bull Run, so often the scene of battle, skirmish and military operations. The ground dyed with the blood of so many thousand American soldiers, where some of the mightiest armies have met in deadly strife, will long show, in its broken outlines, in its ruined dwellings, in its grass-grown earthworks, and in its sadder graves and unburied remains of mortality, the traces of war. We give a view of Centreville, with a battery of the Third Connecticut Heavy Artillery in the foreground, their caissons and shelter tents beside the grassy mound that marks the intrenchments thrown up by the Confederates in the fall and winter of 1861. The village of Centreville lies to the right, the battle ground of Bull Run lies beyond the last two houses on the right, and still further in the background are the Bull Run Mountains, divided opposite the last house by Thoroughfare Gap, and in the remote distance looms up the Blue Ridge."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Centreville

"View of the town of Centreville, Va., with the battlefield of Bull Run, Bull Run Mountains, Thoroughfare…

"The war in Virginia- officers and men of Meade's army discovering unburied Federal dead on the old battlefield of Bull Run. Our sketch was taken on the ground where the Fifth Corps was repulsed on the second day of the battle of Groveton in 1862. The old railroad embankment and cut where the Confederates held their position, defying the efforts of the Federals, who lost so terribly in the attempt, appear on the right, while in front a group of officers and men are gazing on the unburied remains of gallant men, which claim a sepulchre soon given them. Our correspondent wrote: 'In the long, luxuriant grass one strikes his foot against skulls and bones, mingled with the deadly missiles that brought them to the earth. Hollow skulls lie contiguous to the hemispheres of exploded shells. The shallow graves rise here and there above the grass, sometimes in rows, sometimes alone, or scattered at irregular intervals.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

War in Virginia

"The war in Virginia- officers and men of Meade's army discovering unburied Federal dead on the old…

"Five locomotives built at Vicksburg, Miss., by the Federal soldiers, under the superintendence of Colonel Collbaugh, of General McPherson's staff. Our special artist transmitting this sketch wrote: 'I herein inclose a sketch of five locomotives just completed here, being the result of the mechanical ingenuity displayed by the men in this department. General Grant, in one of his reports during the siege, remarked that there was no department of mechanical labor required to be performed but that men were always on hand well skilled in the business. The completion of these fine specimens of workmanship affords ample proof of the truth of his remark. On entering the city, last July, we found the <em>debris</em> of a machine shop and some scattered fragments of locomotives. Out of these our men have created a good workshop, with all the necessary machinery for casting car wheels, etc., and the result stands forth in these engines, of which our Rogers & Baldwins might well be proud.'"&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

locomotives

"Five locomotives built at Vicksburg, Miss., by the Federal soldiers, under the superintendence of Colonel…

"Fort Calhoun, on the ripraps, situated between Fortress Monroe and Sewell's Point, in Hampton Roads, Va."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Calhoun

"Fort Calhoun, on the ripraps, situated between Fortress Monroe and Sewell's Point, in Hampton Roads,…

"Reconnoissance in the great Ogeechee River, near Ossabaw Sound, Ga., by the ironclad monitor <em>Montauk</em>, Captain Worden, and other Federal gunboats, January 27th, 1863. A reconnoissance in force was made against Fort McAllister, in the Ogeechee River, on January 27th. The ironclad <em>Montauk</em>, the gunboats <em>Seneca, Dawn, Wissahickon</em>, the tug <em>Daffodil</em>, and mortar schooner <em>C. T. Williams</em> participated in the movement. They found it impossible to get within one thousand seven hundred yards of the work on account of the obstruction in the channel. At this distance, however, a sharp fight of several hours duration was indulged in, when the character of the fort and the nature of the channels having been definitely ascertained and a thick fog coming on, operations were suspended for a time. For McAllister was a casemated work, covered with railroad iron, and mounted thirteen guns."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Ogeechee River

"Reconnoissance in the great Ogeechee River, near Ossabaw Sound, Ga., by the ironclad monitor Montauk,…

"Tuscumbia, Ala., one of the scenes of Colonel Grierson's exploits."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Tuscumbia

"Tuscumbia, Ala., one of the scenes of Colonel Grierson's exploits."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Culpepper Courthouse, or Fairfax, capital of Culpepper County, Va. This pretty little place, more frequently called Fairfax, in honor of Lord Fairfax, the old proprietor of the land hereabouts, is a post village on the Orange and Alexandria railroad. It is surrounded by a finely diversified and fertile country, and has many fine old-fashioned planters' seats scattered about. In 1862 it contained four churches, two newspaper offices and a Masonic Hall. Its population was about eight thousand two hundred. It was established in 1759 and incorporated in 1834. It is named Culpepper after Lord Culpepper, the English Governor of Viginia from 1703 to 1708. It is thirty miles from Fredericksburg, nearly ninety from Richmond, and twenty-six from Gordonsville. Fairfax or Culpepper was distinguished early in the war of the revolution for the services of her gallant 'minute men.'"&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Culpepper Courthouse

"Culpepper Courthouse, or Fairfax, capital of Culpepper County, Va. This pretty little place, more frequently…

"Cumberland Gap and Heights, Tenn., from the Kentucky side. Cumberland Gap was a place of such importance during the war as to be constantly the object of operations on both sides, who indeed alternately held it. Like Harper's Ferry, it was deemed a strategic point of great value; but the fact that no action took place, and that its evacuation was compelled by distinct movements, tend to modify this idea. It is a natural gap in a mountain, 80 miles long, or rather the only natural gap, although other points bear that name. Cumberland Gap is 150 miles southeast of Lexington, Ky. The mountain is here 1,200 feet high, but the notch is a cut nearly two-thirds of this, the road through the gap being only 400 feet high. On the southern or Tennessee side this mountain is abrupt, and in some places perpendicular, and the summit almost inaccessible, except through the gap. The northern or Kentucky side is more irregular, breaking off in a sucession of smaller mountains and hills to the Valley of the Cumberland. Our sketch shows the Kentucky side."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Cumberland Gap

"Cumberland Gap and Heights, Tenn., from the Kentucky side. Cumberland Gap was a place of such importance…

"View from Loudon Heights, Va., showing Harper's Ferry, Maryland Heights, Bolivar, etc. Harper's Ferry, immortalized by the pen of Jefferson, became too often the scene of stirring events during the Civil War to require a long description, and we give a fine engraving of it to enable our readers to understand fully the operations that took place there. The view shows Maryland Heights, and on the other side Harper's Ferry, with the railroad and pontoon bridges. The place in the foreground is Bolivar, and the river runs in the gorge between it and Maryland Heights. This sketch was made by an artist who spent several days examining the neighborhood so as to give the best possible view of a point deemed so strategically important."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Loudon Heights

"View from Loudon Heights, Va., showing Harper's Ferry, Maryland Heights, Bolivar, etc. Harper's Ferry,…

"General King, born in New York city, January 26th, 1814, died there, October 13th, 1876, was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1833, and appointed to the Engineer Corps. He resigned from the army, September 30th, 1836, and became assistant engineer of the New York and Erie Railroad. From 1838 till 1843 he was adjutant general of the State of New York. He was then associate editor of the Albany <em>Evening Journal</em>, and of the Albany <em>Advertiser</em> from 1841 till 1845, when he removed to Wisconsin, and was editor of the Milwuakee <em>Sentinel</em> until 1861. He was United States minister to Rome from March 22nd till August 5th, 1861, but resigned, as he had offered his services in defense of the Union. He was made a brigadier general of volunteers, May 17th, 1861, and commanded a division at Fredericksburg, Groveton, Manassas, Yorktown and Fairfax, remaining in the army until 1863, when he was reappointed minister to Rome, where he resided until 1867."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Rufus King

"General King, born in New York city, January 26th, 1814, died there, October 13th, 1876, was graduated…

"General Tyler, born in Brooklyn, Windham County, Conn., January 7th, 1797, died in New York city, November 30th, 1882, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1819. He served as a lieutenant of artillery, was adjutant of the School of Practice at Fortress Monroe, 1824-'26; and while commanding the arsenal at Pikesville, Md., 1826-'27, translated 'Manoeuvres of Artillery' from the French. In 1828 he was sent abroad to observe the French improvements in artillery. This he did at Metz and elsewhere. In 1832 he was superintendent of the inspectors of arms furnished by contractors. Resigning in 1834, he became president of an iron and coal company. He was colonel of the First Connecticut Regiment in April, 1861; brigadier general of volunteers in March, 1862, and served in the Army of the Mississippi at the siege of Corinth in June. Served as one of the commission to investigate Buell's Kentucky campaign, and afterward in command at Harper's Ferry, in Baltimore and in Delaware. He withdrew from the army in April, 1864."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Daniel Tyler

"General Tyler, born in Brooklyn, Windham County, Conn., January 7th, 1797, died in New York city, November…

"The old Harrison Mansion, Harrison's Landing, Va., the birthplace of President William Henry Harrison, used as a hospital and the headquarters of the signal corps. This old-fashioned residence was situated at Berkeley, on the banks of the James River, only a few hundred yards from the water. It was constructed of brick and surrounded by a grove of poplar and other trees. Here, on February 9th, 1773, William Henry Harrison, ninth President of the United States, was born, and for this it remained famous till it became of still higher historical interest by being selected as the <em>point d'appui</em> of General McClellan's army, and the chief landing place of all its stores. It was at once chosen for hospital purposes, and upon its roof the Signal Corps erected a tower for the survey of the surrounding country."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Harrison Mansion

"The old Harrison Mansion, Harrison's Landing, Va., the birthplace of President William Henry Harrison,…

"Recruiting in Philadelphia, Pa., for the Bucktail Pennsylvania Regiment, August, 1862. This famous regiment suffered so much that recruiting became necessary. As it was a Pennsylvania pet regiment, Philadelphia was all alive with the resounding music of the horns, calling upon all who had killed a buck in fair combat to accept an invitation to their supper of glory. Our artist has, however, told more with a few dashes of his pencil than we can in a column. The Bucktails were a splendid set of fellows, and deserved the reputation they achieved. The fight at Dranesville, the Valley of the Shenandoah and the battle of Cross Keys have been consecrated by their valor. It will be remembered that when Colonel Sir Percy Wyndham of the First New Jersey Cavalry fell into an ambuscade the gallant Bucktails volunteered to his rescue, and were terribly cut up."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Bucktail Recruit

"Recruiting in Philadelphia, Pa., for the Bucktail Pennsylvania Regiment, August, 1862. This famous…

"Battle of Champion Hills, May 16th, 1863- the formidable position of General Pemberton carried by Generals Hovey, Logan and Crocker, of Grant's army. On the morning of the 16th of May, General A. P. Hovey's division, occupying the right of McClernand's corps, encountered the Confederate pickets, but no engagement took place until about eleven o'clock, when the Indiana troops, led by General McGinnis, made a deliberate attack upon the rapidly increasing force which Pemberton had brought together at Champion Hills. Two batteries which had been planted along a high ridge were doing considerable damage, and it was finally determined to assault them. They were both taken by the Eleventh and Forty-sixth Indiana and the Twenty-ninth Wisconsin, after a fierce hand-to-hand fight; but the arrival of fresh Confederate troops and the want of re-enforcements prevented their being held for any length of time. The Federals withdrew, and remained under cover of their artillery till joined by part of Quimby's late dvision, commanded by General Marcellus M. Crocker. Another advance was then ordered, and while Pemberton's right was thus engaged Logan's division attacked his left, and succeeded in flanking and in forcing it back in such manner as to completely isolate for awhile the whole of General Loring's brigade, which occupied the extreme Confederate right. The attack was so fierce that Stevenson's line became completely demoralized, yielded in turn, and by four o'clock the Confederates were in full retreat toward the Big Black River. Just then the other division of McClernand's corps came upon the scene, and a pursuit was ordered by Generals Carr and Osterhaus. This lasted until dark, and resulted in the capture of many prisoners and arms of all descriptions. The total loss in killed and wounded on both sides approximated to 4,000."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Champion Hills

"Battle of Champion Hills, May 16th, 1863- the formidable position of General Pemberton carried by Generals…

"Re-enforcements for Grant's army leaving Memphis, Tenn. Our sketch shows the <em>Alice Dean</em>, a crack Western steamer, leaving Memphis with re-enforcements, and with doctors, nurses, etc., for the wounded. She was in charge of the Cincinnati branch of the United States Sanitary Commission, and commanded by Mr. R. B. Moore, of Cincinnati. She was a very fast boat, having run up to Cincinnati from Memphis in 2 days, 23 hours and 5 minutes. The scene depicted was one of constant occurrence, as troops were pouring daily into Memphis from all parts."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Re-enforcements

"Re-enforcements for Grant's army leaving Memphis, Tenn. Our sketch shows the Alice Dean, a…

"The Banks Expedition- scene on the levee, Baton Rouge, La. Contrabands unloading military stores from the United States transport <em>North Star</em>, over the Mississippi steamer <em>Iberville</em>. The <em>Iberville</em> had quite a history in connection with the military operations on the Mississippi. She was taken possession of by the United States authorities on the surrender of New Orleans, and was engaged as a transport during the expedition. She several times ran the gantlet of Confederate batteries and guerrillas. On one occasion she sustained a running fire from a battery of six guns for at least twenty minutes, while passing Donaldsonville, having four men killed and four wounded, one of her engines disabled and her upper works riddled."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Banks Expedition

"The Banks Expedition- scene on the levee, Baton Rouge, La. Contrabands unloading military stores from…

"View from the interior of Fort Walker, Hilton Head, S. C. looking inland, showing the defenses from the land side. We have given so full a description of this fort that we have now merely to add that our view was taken inside the fortification, looking to the interior of Hilton Head Island. Fort Walker was nearly surrounded on its land side by the Federal camp, which had been strengthened by earthworks extending across the island. Camp Sherman was, therefore, protected by Scull's Creek on the west, Fort Welles (lately called Fort Walker) on the north, the Atlantic on the east, and by this intrenchment on the south."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Walker

"View from the interior of Fort Walker, Hilton Head, S. C. looking inland, showing the defenses from…

"The army of the Cumberland- Wilder's mounted infantry passing a blockhouse on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad. Among the strange anomalies of the war was the active corps of mounted infantry, of which the portion commanded by Colonel Wilder, and which appears in our engraving passing a blockhouse on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, was the most important. The mounted infantry brigade consisted of Colonel Wilder's regiment, the Seventeenth Indiana, the Seventy-second and Seventy-fifth Indiana, and Ninety-eighth Illinois; they were mounted by Colonel Wilder in order to enable him to cope with Morgan and other Confederate guerrillas. But the step cost the government nothing, his horses and accoutrements being all captured from the enemy."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Cumberland Army

"The army of the Cumberland- Wilder's mounted infantry passing a blockhouse on the Nashville and Chattanooga…

"The Banks Expedition- a Confederate Schooner running into the United States transport <em>Che-Kiang</em>, off the Florida reefs, on the night of December 11th, 1862, with the intention of sinking her. On the night of December 11th, 1862, as the United States transport <em>Che-Kiang</em>, laden with troops, was off the Florida Reefs, a schooner supposed to be a Confederate one, ran at full sail against the <em>Che-Kiang</em>. As the latter vessel was painted white and had no lights burning, there can be little doubt it was a daring and desperate attempt to wreck the transport, more especially as the schooner's crew, immediately after the collision, put off into a boat and rowed away with all expedition. After disengaging herself from the sinking schooner the <em>Che-Kiang</em> pursued her way, and reached Ship Island in such a leaky condition that the troops had to be landed."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Che-Kiang

"The Banks Expedition- a Confederate Schooner running into the United States transport Che-Kiang,…

"Disabling and capture of the Federal gunboats <em>Sachem</em> and <em>Clifton</em>, in the attack on Sabine Pass, Tex., September 8th, 1863. One of the objects of this expedition was to take Sabine City; and on September 8th Generals Franklin and Weitzel proceeded to the pass, and prepared to enter and land their troops as soon as the enemy's batteries were silenced. The strength and the position of these were known, the pass having been in Federal hands in 1862, yet the only preparation for attack was to send the <em>Clifton</em>, an old Staten Island ferryboat, and the <em>Sachem</em>, an inferior propeller, to attack the batteries, putting on them about one hundred sharpshooters. The vessels advanced firing, but without eliciting a reply till they were well in range, when the batteries opened. The <em>Sachem</em> was soon crippled and forced to strike, while a shell penetrated the boiler of the <em>Clifton</em>, causing an explosion that made her a perfect wreck. Many were killed in the action and by the explosion; some few escaped, but nearly all that survived were made prisoners."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Sabine

"Disabling and capture of the Federal gunboats Sachem and Clifton, in the attack on…

"Siege of Charleston, S. C. Bombardment of Fort Moultrie and Batteries Bee and Beauregard by the monitors and <em>Ironsides</em>, September 7th-9th, 1863. The bombardment of Fort Moultrie and the batteries on Sullivan's Island, on the 7th and 8th of September, was of the most determined and virgorous character, the <em>Ironsides</em> devoting herself to the fort, while the monitors paid their respects to Batteries Bee and Bearegard. Our artist gives a striking sketch as viewed from a favorable point. Moultrie House is seen on the extreme right, and next to it Moultrieville on fire, the dark smoke of the burning houses contrasting with the white puffs of smoke from the cannon thundering along the whole line. Behind the <em>Irondsides</em> is Fort Moultrie; the Confederate battery to the extreme left is Battery Bee; and nearly in front of it, the second in the line of monitors, is the stanch <em>Weehawken</em>, aground. A striking feature in this picture is the effect of the ricochet shot knocking up a series of <em>jets d'eau</em>."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Fort Moultrie

"Siege of Charleston, S. C. Bombardment of Fort Moultrie and Batteries Bee and Beauregard by the monitors…

"Interior of Battery Gregg, looking toward Wagner."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Battery Gregg

"Interior of Battery Gregg, looking toward Wagner."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Confederate cavalry attacking a Federal supply train, near Jasper, Tenn. We give a sketch of the capture of a Federal supply train of several hundred wagons, loaded with ammunition and subsistence, by a large body of Wheeler's Confederate cavalry, near Jasper, Tenn., while on the way to Chattanooga. The guard made a stubborn resistance, but being few in number were soon overpowered by the Confederates, whose headlong attack and numerical superiority threw the whole train into confusion and prevented escape. The cavalry were supposed to have crossed the Cumberland at Kingston, above General Burnside, and come down in his rear. This daring act showed how materially a large force of cavalry was needed in the Army of the Cumberland."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Federal supply train

"Confederate cavalry attacking a Federal supply train, near Jasper, Tenn. We give a sketch of the capture…

"General Gresham, Secretary of State, born near Lanesville, Harrison county, Ind., March 17th, 1832; died at Washington D. C., May 28th, 1895."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Walter Q. Gresham

"General Gresham, Secretary of State, born near Lanesville, Harrison county, Ind., March 17th, 1832;…

"General Baker, Chief of the United States Secret Service, born in Stafford, Genesee County, N. Y., October 13th, 1826, died in Philadelphia, Pa., July 2nd, 1868. In 1848 he went to New York and Philadelphia, and in 1853 to San Francisco, in each of these cities working as a mechanic. When the lawless element became dominant in San Francisco, in 1856, General Baker joined the Vigilance Committee and took an active part in the summary proceedings that restored order in the city. He went to New York on business in 1861, expecting to return at once, but the Civil War intervened, and he went to Washington and offered his services. At the suggestion of General Hiram Walbridge, of New York, he was introduced to General Scott, and as a result of the interview he started on foot for Richmond, where, in spite of arrest, imprisonment and several interviews with Jefferson Davis, while under suspension as a spy, he succeeded in collecting much information and returning to Washington after an absence of three weeks. This was but the first of a series of adventures involving high executive ability and a wonderful talent for tracing conspiracy and frustrating the designs of Confederate spies and agents. He was commissioned colonel, and subsequently brigadier general. His duties naturally made him enemies in influential quarters, and charges of a serious nature were several times preferred against him, but were never substantiated. When President Lincoln was assassinated General Baker organized the pursuit of the murderer, and was present at his capture and death."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Lafayette C. Baker

"General Baker, Chief of the United States Secret Service, born in Stafford, Genesee County, N. Y.,…

"Lighthouse, Jupiter inlet, east coast of Florida."— Frank Leslie, 1896

lighthouse

"Lighthouse, Jupiter inlet, east coast of Florida."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Cutting the levees near the state line of Louisiana and Arkansas, twenty miles above Lake Providence, by order of General Grant. War calls upon men imperatively to do many things which seem most inhuman, and only justified on the ground of being a choice of evils. Our sketch represents one of those painful acts, the cutting of the levees, near the State line of Louisiana and Arkansas. The scene our artist has sketched is about twenty miles above Lake Providence, which is now connected with the Mississippi by a canal dug by the Federal troops, under General McPherson's command, whose headquarters was on the shore of this beautiful lake. Mr. Lovie said, in his letter to us: 'The soil is very tough, and will not wash away. The levees consequently have to be blown up with gunpowder. The soil is then loosened with spades. On the spot which I sketch, about half a mile has been removed and the water covers the ground to the depth of ten feet, and steamboats now run in to Bayou Macon.'"— Frank Leslie, 1896

Cutting Levees

"Cutting the levees near the state line of Louisiana and Arkansas, twenty miles above Lake Providence,…

"Lighthouse, Tampa Bay, west coast of Florida."— Frank Leslie, 1896

lighthouse

"Lighthouse, Tampa Bay, west coast of Florida."— Frank Leslie, 1896

"Grant's Campaign in Virginia. The Battle of Coal Harbor, June 1st, 1864. On the 1st of June the Confederates were in heavy force between Coal Harbor and Gaines's Mill, in a strong position on the skirt of the woods, parallel to a road, and defended by riflepits and earthworks. The Sixth Corps of the Federal Army was in a semi-circle around Coal Harbor, and the Eighteenth on its right, along the road, separated from the enemy by a belt of woods from twenty to two hundred yards wide, and by a strip of open ground. At the half-past five the order was given to charge the Confederates works, and the Eighteenth advanced under a terrible fire of grape and canister, but, in spite of terrible loss, drove Longstreet's Confederates pell mell from their works through the woods. The enemy rallied at last, and were again brought up, but failed to regain the lost ground."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Battle of Coal Harbor

"Grant's Campaign in Virginia. The Battle of Coal Harbor, June 1st, 1864. On the 1st of June the Confederates…

"Federal cavalry covering the escape of Federal prisoners from Libby Prison, Richmond, Va. The feeling of sympathy for the unfortunate Federal officers and men who so long suffered outrage at the hands of the Confederates gave way to a momentary feeling of joy as news came of the escape, at one time, of one hundred and nine officers and men. From time to time a few had escaped, and the narrative of their escapes had been among the most intensely exciting incidents of the war. But when more than a hundred contrived to get out of the Southern dungeon the interest knew no bounds. The method employed was as follows: Having managed to find access to the cellar, they commenced work, relieving one another as opportunity offered. Their instruments were case knives, pocket knives, chisels and files. After getting through the wall they disposed of the excavated soil by drawing it out in a spittoon, which they attached to a cord. This would be filled by the party at work in the tunnel, and pulled out into the cellar by their companions, who disposed of it by spreading it in shallow layers over the floor, concealing it beneath the straw. The tunnel, completed by fifty-one days of patient toil, was about sixty feet long, and opened into an old tobacco shed beyond the line of guards. In order to elude their pursuers, who they knew would soon be on their track, they scattered as much as possible. Many were their hardships and sufferings, and frequent were their narrow escapes from the Confederate cavalry, who the next morning were bushwhacking in every direction for them. The joy which Colonel Streight and four comrades, the pioneers of the band, experienced when they first caught sight of the Federals, sent out to help them and protect them from their pursuers, cannot be expressed."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

Federal Prisoners

"Federal cavalry covering the escape of Federal prisoners from Libby Prison, Richmond, Va. The feeling…

"The enthusiasm of the Northern armies- re-enlistment of the Seventeenth Army Corps. Financial tests convinced the supporters of the rebellion here and in Europe of one great fact, that the people of the North had faith in the United States Government, and that the people of the Southern States had no faith in their government, set up by a knot of disappointed politicians. While Alabama troops were shooting down Kentuckians who refused to re-enlist, the Federal Army almost unanimously re-enlisted. Hence the difference. There was no want of faith in the Federal cause, the Government, or success. In some corps almost all the regiments re-enlisted; in the Seventeenth Army Corps thirty-nine took their stand as verterans. We give artistically a view of this army enthusiasm."— Frank Leslie, 1896

Northern Armies

"The enthusiasm of the Northern armies- re-enlistment of the Seventeenth Army Corps. Financial tests…

"General Rusk, born in Morgan County, Ohio, June 17th, 1830; died in 1894. He divided his time between farm work and the acquisition of a common-school education till he attained his majority, and in 1853 removed to Wisconsin and engaged in agriculture in Vernon county. He entered the National Army in 1862, was commissioned major of the Twenty-fifth Wisconsin Regiment, rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel, and served with General William T. Sherman from the siege of Vicksburg till the close of the war. In 1865 he received the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers for meritorious services at the battle of Salkehatchie. Beginning with 1881, he was elected Governor of Wisconsin for three successive terms. During the threatened Milwuakee riots in May, 1886, he did good service by his prompt action in ordering the militia to fire on the dangerous mobs when they attempted to destroy life and property. In 1889 President Harrison appointed General Rusk Secretary of Agriculture."— Frank Leslie, 1896

General Jeremiah M. Rusk

"General Rusk, born in Morgan County, Ohio, June 17th, 1830; died in 1894. He divided his time between…

"General Benham, born in Connecticut in 1817, died in New York June 1st, 1884, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1837, and assigned to the Corps of Engineers. Served in the Mexican War, 1847-'8, and was brevetted captain for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of Buena Vista. At the beginning of the Civil War, in 1861, Captain Benham entered upon active service; was on General Morris's staff as engineer of the Department of the Ohio; was brevetted colonel for gallantry at the battle of Carrick's Ford, July 13th, 1861; in August was made brigadier general of volunteers, and was engaged in the Virginia campaigns. In 1862 he was present at the capture of Fort Pulaski and James Island; later in the year he superintended fortifications in Boston and Portsmouth harbors, and was in command of the Northern District of the Department of the South. He proved very efficient in throwing pontoon bridges across the Rappahannock, the Potomac and the James Rivers, and was in command of the Pontoon Department at Washington in 1864. In March, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier general and major general, United States Army, and major general, United States Volunteers, for gallant services during the Rebellion."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Henry W. Benham

"General Benham, born in Connecticut in 1817, died in New York June 1st, 1884, was graduated from the…

"General Grover, born in Bethel, Me., July 24th, 1829, died in Atlantic City, N. J., June 6th, 1885, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1850, entered the First Artillery, and served on frontier duty till 1853. He was promoted to first lieutenant March 3rd, 1855, and captain of the Tenth Infantry on September 17th, 1858, serving at various Western stations. He became brigadier general of volunteers April 14th, 1862, and was transferred to the Army of the Potomac, with which he took part in many battles, serving with distinction at the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks and Bull Run. Being transferred to the Department of the Gulf, he took command of a division of the nineteenth Corps from December 30th, 1862, till July, 1864; was in command of the right wing of the army besieging Port Hudson, La., in May, 1863; and commanded a division in the Shenandoah campaign from August to December, 1864. He was wounded at the battle of Cedar Creek, on October 19th, 1864, and brevetted major general of volunteers on the same day for gallantry at Winchester and Fisher's Hill. On March 13th, 1865, he was brevetted brigadier general, United States Army, and major general, United States Army. He was mustered out of volunteer service August 24th, 1865."&mdash; Frank Leslie, 1896

General Cuvier Grover

"General Grover, born in Bethel, Me., July 24th, 1829, died in Atlantic City, N. J., June 6th, 1885,…