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"Portion of the comb, with the eggs occupying the cells. One of the royal cells has been opened by the queen."

Portion of the Comb

"Portion of the comb, with the eggs occupying the cells. One of the royal cells has been opened by the…

Adipose tissue from omentum. The fat cells are arranged as groups between the bundles of connective tissue.

Adipose Tissue from Omentum

Adipose tissue from omentum. The fat cells are arranged as groups between the bundles of connective…

"The Carpenter Bee, or Wood Piercer, hollows out galleries in decayed wood, and builds in them cells placed one over the other - a work often occupying many weeks."

Carpenter Bee, Pupae, Eggs, Galleries and Nests

"The Carpenter Bee, or Wood Piercer, hollows out galleries in decayed wood, and builds in them cells…

Right lachrymal bone, inner aspect. Upper part completes anterior ethmoidal cells, lower looks into middle nasal meatus.

Inner Aspect of Lachrymal Bone

Right lachrymal bone, inner aspect. Upper part completes anterior ethmoidal cells, lower looks into…

"There are solitary wasps which make their cells in holes, which they scoop out in the ground or in stalks or certain plants."

A Species of Odynerus

"There are solitary wasps which make their cells in holes, which they scoop out in the ground or in…

"There are solitary wasps which make their cells in holes, which they scoop out in the ground or in stalks or certain plants. The larva lines its cell with a silky cocoon."

Larva of the Odynerus Wasp

"There are solitary wasps which make their cells in holes, which they scoop out in the ground or in…

"There are solitary wasps which make their cells in holes, which they scoop out in the ground or in stalks or certain plants. Its nest is made in the stock of a bramble or brier."

Nest of an Odynerus Wasp in the Stem of a Bramble

"There are solitary wasps which make their cells in holes, which they scoop out in the ground or in…

Nerve cells of human spinal cord stained to show Nissl bodies. Labels: D, dendrites; A, axons; C, implantation cone; N, nucleus; M, nucleolus.

Neuron of Spinal Cord

Nerve cells of human spinal cord stained to show Nissl bodies. Labels: D, dendrites; A, axons; C, implantation…

Multipolar nerve cells of various forms. Labels: A, from spinal cord; B, from cerebral cortex; C, from cerebellar cortex (Purkinje cell); a, axon; c, implantation cone.

Various Forms of Neurons

Multipolar nerve cells of various forms. Labels: A, from spinal cord; B, from cerebral cortex; C, from…

Two purkinje cells from silver preparation of cerebellar cortex; A, side view; B, cell in profile; a, axon.

Purkinje Cell

Two purkinje cells from silver preparation of cerebellar cortex; A, side view; B, cell in profile; a,…

Portion of shaft of hair. Labels: h, shaft covered with cuticle; s, cuticle removed to expose cortical substance; m, medulla; a,b, isolated cells of cuticle and of cortical substance respectively.

Shaft of Hair

Portion of shaft of hair. Labels: h, shaft covered with cuticle; s, cuticle removed to expose cortical…

Deeper portion of gastric glands from fundus, showing two varieties of lining cells and secretion capillaries connecting parietal with lumen.

Gastric Gland from Fundus

Deeper portion of gastric glands from fundus, showing two varieties of lining cells and secretion capillaries…

Nucleated none cells (osteoblasts) and their processes, contained in the one lacunae and their canaliculi respectively. From a section through the vertebra of an adult mouse.

Osteoblasts

Nucleated none cells (osteoblasts) and their processes, contained in the one lacunae and their canaliculi…

Osteoblasts from the parietal bone of a human embryo thirteen weeks old. Labels: a, bony septa with the cells of he lacunae; b, layers of osteoblasts; c, the latter in transition to bone corpuscles.

Osteoblasts from Embryo

Osteoblasts from the parietal bone of a human embryo thirteen weeks old. Labels: a, bony septa with…

"When the male bees have built the cells and furnished them with honey, the female, as we know, deposits in each an egg. Immediately the larvae of the <em>Sitaris</em> let themselves fall onto these eggs, open them and suck their contents. Then they change their skin, and the second larva appears."

Pseudo Nymph of Sitaris Humeralis

"When the male bees have built the cells and furnished them with honey, the female, as we know, deposits…

This illustration "represents its mycelium growth; 2,2 its budding cells, which terminate in fruit cells; 3, 3, 3, 3, bearing spores which germinate; 4, 4, are fungoid aggregations, which throw out filaments; their relation to the black mycelium is not represented thus far; 5 represents what appears to be a cross section of the asci or fruit, when perfectly formed and cut through its greatest diameter crosswise." -Watts, 1874

Stages of fungus growth

This illustration "represents its mycelium growth; 2,2 its budding cells, which terminate in fruit cells;…

"The branch vascular bundles will be distinctly seen, resembling in some respects the arteries and veins of the human body. A careful examination will show that these are also covered with a very fine lace-work of cells under and over them, and interspersed among the latter will be seen a vast assemblage of translucent dottings, each having an opening across it corresponding to those of the stomates under which they were situated before dissection." -Watts, 1874

Microscopic view of a leaf

"The branch vascular bundles will be distinctly seen, resembling in some respects the arteries and veins…

"Portions of the rotting pulp were placed on a microscopic slide, divided into hundredths and thousandths of an inch. Fig. 21, A B, represents such a scale, the larger division, A B, representing the one-hundredth of an inch, and the smaller subdivision the one-thousandth of an inch; 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, represent the cells of which the apples are mostly composed. The granular dottings represent apple starch. The branching cellular structure represents the mycelium of a fungus penetrating the cells. At 9, three small starch granuals are represented in a line, and are confined within the division of the one-thousandth of an inch." -Watts, 1874

Microscopic view of a fermented apple

"Portions of the rotting pulp were placed on a microscopic slide, divided into hundredths and thousandths…

"Under the power of about 90 diameters the general character of the peridia is seen. They are densely aggregated, elongated, submerged, pale-brown, irregularly torn. The sporidia are copius...Nos. 1 and 2, indicate the general points of growth of this fungus. I find frequently on the leaf-ribs and terminal points of the leaves, and very often dispersed over the smooth parts of the leaf; sometimes, although rarely, the peridia are on the upper surface which, when matured, resembles net work. At the juncture of the leaf (see 4) the cells of the peridia are nearly round, at 5, oblong. From 3 to 4 the cellular structure is of light Vandyke brown; at 5, a pale yellow...6 represents the appearance of the peridia as see by the naked eye; 7, their general arrangements and their groupings on the leaves; 8, three cells, showing the parts of which the peridia are composed being magnified about 125 diameters." -Watts, 1874

Cellular structure of peridia

"Under the power of about 90 diameters the general character of the peridia is seen. They are densely…

"It is not unusual to fine a decayed spot in the center of potatoes otherwise apparently in good condition. A microscopic examination a portion of the diseased part will show that the decay commenced where the vascular bundles concentrate. At that point the air is in greater volume than elsewhere. Although these mineral acids and caustic alkalies dissolve starch granuals, they do not affect the cellulose cells which contain the starch. When such spots are exposed to the atmosphere the fungus blue-mold forms on the surface. This disease, therefore, has not relation to potato-rot, as ordinarily understood. f represents the mycelium (roots) of blue-mold, Penicillium glaucum, and G that of potato-rot, Peronospora infestans." -Watts, 1874

Potato Diseases at a Microscopic Level

"It is not unusual to fine a decayed spot in the center of potatoes otherwise apparently in good condition.…

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the reefs which from the coral and madreporic islands so conspicuous in the three oceans. The treelike genus have cells of considerable depth, radiating into numerous lamellae, forming a widely branching, arborescent coral, externally striated, internally furrowed, and truncate at the extremities."

Dendrophyllia Ramea (De Blainville)

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the…

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the reefs which from the coral and madreporic islands so conspicuous in the three oceans. The treelike genus have cells of considerable depth, radiating into numerous lamellae, forming a widely branching, arborescent coral, externally striated, internally furrowed, and truncate at the extremities."

Dendrophyllia Ramea with Polypi (De Blainville)

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the…

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the reefs which from the coral and madreporic islands so conspicuous in the three oceans. The treelike genus have cells of considerable depth, radiating into numerous lamellae, forming a widely branching, arborescent coral, externally striated, internally furrowed, and truncate at the extremities."

Dendrophyllia Ramea, Magnified (De Blainville)

"The Madrepores abound in all inter-tropical seas, taking a considerable part in the formation of the…

"The polyp of the <em>Porites</em> is an animal somewhat pitcher-shaped, with twelve short tentacula, having unequal polygonal cells, imperfectly defined, slightly radiating by thread-like, pointed rays. Externally it presents the figure of an irregular trelliswork, more or less loosely connected in its meshes."

Porites Furcata (Lamarck)

"The polyp of the Porites is an animal somewhat pitcher-shaped, with twelve short tentacula,…

Anastomosing muscle fibers of the heart, seen in longitudinal section. On the right the limits of the separate cells with their nuclei are exhibited somewhat diagrammatically.

Muscle Fibers of the Heart

Anastomosing muscle fibers of the heart, seen in longitudinal section. On the right the limits of the…

The peptic gastric glands are distributed throughout the entire fundus and body, and may be found even at the pylorus. They are mainly of the simple tubular variety, and are lined by simple epithelial cells resting upon a delicate basement membrane supported by the tunica propria. The duct of these gland is shorter than in other variety.

Peptic Gastric Gland

The peptic gastric glands are distributed throughout the entire fundus and body, and may be found even…

The hepatic cells at different stages of digestion.

Hepatic Cells in Deigestion

The hepatic cells at different stages of digestion.

Superficial layer of the epithelium of the bladder. Composed of polyhedral cells of various sizes, each one, two, or three nuciei.

Superficial Layer of Bladder Epithelium

Superficial layer of the epithelium of the bladder. Composed of polyhedral cells of various sizes, each…

Deep layers of the epithelium of the bladder, showing large club-shaped cells above, and smaller, more spindle-shaped cells below each with an oval nucleus.

Deep Layer of Bladder Epithelium

Deep layers of the epithelium of the bladder, showing large club-shaped cells above, and smaller, more…

The distinction between rank and unit type doesn't seem to have been as precise as in a modern-day army, in which a soldier has a separate pay-grade, job description, and assigned unit.

Roman Soldiers

The distinction between rank and unit type doesn't seem to have been as precise as in a modern-day army,…

"Tetratheca hirsuta. 1. the stamens; 2. the pistil, with one of the cells laid open." -Lindley, 1853

Tetratheca

"Tetratheca hirsuta. 1. the stamens; 2. the pistil, with one of the cells laid open." -Lindley, 1853

Section of bone marrow. Labels: f, fat vacuole; e, eosinophile cells; ,y, myeloplaxes; r, red corpuscles; m, marrow cells; h, haematoblasts or erythroblasts.

Section of Bone Marrow

Section of bone marrow. Labels: f, fat vacuole; e, eosinophile cells; ,y, myeloplaxes; r, red corpuscles;…

Successive stages of mitosis or karyokinesis. A, B, C, D, and E illustrate the phenomena of the prophase; F those of the metaphase; G and H those of the anaphase; J, K, and L those of the telophase.

Reproduction of Cells

Successive stages of mitosis or karyokinesis. A, B, C, D, and E illustrate the phenomena of the prophase;…

Shown is a coronal section passing inferiorly through interval between between the first and second molar teeth. Labels: 1, groove of superior longitudinal sinus; 2,crest for attachment of falx cerebri; 3, crista galli of ethmoid; 4, cristiform plate of ethmoid; 5, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, assisting in the formation of nasal septum; 6, lateral mass of ethmoid consisting of the ethmoidal cells; 7, os planum of ethmoid; 8, middle meatus of nose; 9, middle turbinated bone; 10, opening from the middle meatus; 11, orbital plate of superior maxilla; 12, frontomalar suture; 13, infraorbital groove; 14, antrum or maxillary sinus; 15, canal for anterior dental nerve and vessels exposed; 16, inferior meatus of nose; 17, alveolar process of the superior maxilla; 18, nasal surface of inferior turbinated bone; 19, groove for anterior palatine nerve and vessels; 20, palatal process of superior maxilla; 21, maxillary crest forming part of nasal septum; 22, vomer forming part of nasal septum.

Coronal Section of Skull

Shown is a coronal section passing inferiorly through interval between between the first and second…

The developmental stages exhibited by a pyramidal cell of the brain. Labels: a, neuroblast with rudimentary axon, but no dendrites; b and c, the dendrites beginning to sprout out; d and e, further development of the dendrites and appearance of collateral branches on the axon.

Pyramidal Cells of the Brain

The developmental stages exhibited by a pyramidal cell of the brain. Labels: a, neuroblast with rudimentary…

Section through the central canals of the spinal cord of a human embryo, showing ependymal (A) and neuroglial cells (B).

Section Through Spinal Cord Showing Neuroglial Cell

Section through the central canals of the spinal cord of a human embryo, showing ependymal (A) and neuroglial…

Diagrammatic representation of a transverse section through the spinal cord. The nerve tracts in the white matter and the clusters of the nerve cells in the gray matter are shown.

Transverse Section Through Spinal Cord

Diagrammatic representation of a transverse section through the spinal cord. The nerve tracts in the…

Transverse section through a cerebellar folium. Labels: A, axon of cell Purkinje; F, moss fibers; K and K', fibers from the white core of folium ending in molecular layer in connection with the dendrites of the cells of Purkinje; M, small cell of the molecular layer; GR, granule cell; M1, basket cell; ZK, basket work around the cells of Purkinje; GL, neuroglial cell; N, axon of an association cell.

Sagittal Section Through Cerebellar Folium

Transverse section through a cerebellar folium. Labels: A, axon of cell Purkinje; F, moss fibers; K…

Section through the molecular and granular layers in the long axis of a cerebellar folium. Labels: P, cell of Purkinje; GL, neuroglial cell; N, axon of a granule cell; N1, axons of granule cells in molecular layers.

Sagittal Section Through Cerebellar Folium

Section through the molecular and granular layers in the long axis of a cerebellar folium. Labels: P,…

Diagram to illustrate minute structure of the cerebral cortex. Labels: A and B, neuroglia cells; C, cells with short axon (N) which breaks up in free arborisation; D, spindle-shaped cell in stratum zonate; E, small pyramidal cell; F, large pyramidal cell; G, cell of Martinotti; H, polymorphic cell; K, corticipetal fibers.

Minute Structure of Cerebral Cortex

Diagram to illustrate minute structure of the cerebral cortex. Labels: A and B, neuroglia cells; C,…

An illustration of two prisoners with chains around their ankles walking past an armed guard.

Prisoners and Guard

An illustration of two prisoners with chains around their ankles walking past an armed guard.

General Jacob Brown made camp at French Creek on October 29th, 1813. Brown's force was the advance guard of General Wilkinson's army marching on Montreal.

Mouth of French Creek

General Jacob Brown made camp at French Creek on October 29th, 1813. Brown's force was the advance guard…

An illustration of an owl guarding her eggs from a wolf.

Owl and Wolf

An illustration of an owl guarding her eggs from a wolf.

View of the outer wall of the nose. The turbinated bones having been removed. Labels: 1, vestibule, 2, hiatus semilunaris; 3, opening of antrum of highmore; 4, bulla ethmoidalis; 5, agger nasi; 6, opening of anterior ethmoidal cells; 7, cut edge of superior turbinated bone; 8, cut edge of middle turbinated bone; 9, pharyngeal orfice of Eustachian tube.

Outer Wall of Nose

View of the outer wall of the nose. The turbinated bones having been removed. Labels: 1, vestibule,…

Olfactory and supporting cells in a frog and a human. A. Frog. B. Human. C. Human.

Olfactory and Supporting Cells

Olfactory and supporting cells in a frog and a human. A. Frog. B. Human. C. Human.

Perpendicular section of mammalian retina. Labels: A, layer of rods and cones; B, outer nuclear layer; C, outer molecular layer; D, inner nuclear layer; E, inner molecular layer; F, ganglionic layer; G, stratum opticum; r, rods; c, cones, r.g, rod granules; c.g, cone granules; r.b, rod bipolars; c.b, cone bipolars; c.r, vontact of rod bipolars with the internal arborisation of cone bipolars; ar', internal arborisation of rod bipolars; c.n, centrifugal nerve fiber; h, horizontal cells; s.s, stratified spongioblasts; d.s, diffuse spongioblasts; s.g, stratified ganglion cell; M, sustentacular fiber of Muller.

Section of Retina

Perpendicular section of mammalian retina. Labels: A, layer of rods and cones; B, outer nuclear layer;…

Isolated cells from taste bud of a rabbit.

Taste bud Cells of a Rabbit

Isolated cells from taste bud of a rabbit.

Diagram to illustrate the development of a tooth. I. Shows the downgrowth of the dental lamina D.L. from the surface epithelium E and the beginning of the enamel germ E.G. II. Shows the further growth of the enamel germ and its invagination. III. The enamel germ is more invaginated, and its inner layer of cells becomes columnar. A, the dental lamina, grows thinner, but near its posterior or lingual edge there is an enlargement R.G which is the reserve germ for a permanent tooth. The superficial cells of the dentine papilla P are becoming columnar. IV. The inner columnar cells of the enamel germ ( called enamel cells) A have formed a cap of enamel EN, inside which the superficial cells of the papilla, the odontoblasts O, have formed a layer of dentine D. V. Shows a more advances stage still. The deposit of dentine is extending downwards, and enclosing the papilla to form the future pulp, in which a vessel V is seen. Labels: A, inner layer; B, outer layer; C, remains of intermediate cells; D, dentine; D.L, dental lamina; E, epithelium; E.G, enamel germ; EN, enamel; F, dental furrow; L.D, labio-dental furrow; M, connective tissue cells; O, odontoblasts; P, dentine papilla; R.G, reserve germ; V, blood vessels.

Development of a Tooth

Diagram to illustrate the development of a tooth. I. Shows the downgrowth of the dental lamina D.L.…

An illustration of a Chinese gate-house.

Gate-house

An illustration of a Chinese gate-house.

Diagrams of the body layers and cavities in A, coelenterates; B, flatworms; C, annelids; D, vertebrates. Labels: G, gastric cavity; g, cavity of the gonad; a, primary body cavity (blastocoele) filled with branched cells (mesenchyme); c, secondary body cavity (coelom); d, dorsal mesentery; m, mesenchyme filling space of original primary body cavity; n, nerve tube.

Body Layers and Cavities

Diagrams of the body layers and cavities in A, coelenterates; B, flatworms; C, annelids; D, vertebrates.…

Structure of the protonephridium (excretory organ) of a flatworm. A, part of the excretory apparatus of a tapeworm; R, edge of body; c, collecting tubules. B, terminal cells with flame of cilia. C, diagram of terminal cell, excretory capillary, and canal.

Protonephridium

Structure of the protonephridium (excretory organ) of a flatworm. A, part of the excretory apparatus…

A, section through the open eyepit of a limpet. B, the two kinds of retinal cells, pigmented and sensory.

Eyepit of Limpet

A, section through the open eyepit of a limpet. B, the two kinds of retinal cells, pigmented and sensory.

Section through the eye of a waterbeetle. Labels: l, chitinous lens; cv, transparent cells; pg, pigment cells; R, retina.

Eye of Waterbeetle

Section through the eye of a waterbeetle. Labels: l, chitinous lens; cv, transparent cells; pg, pigment…

A, section through the compound eye of a crayfish. Labels: 1, cornea; 2, crystaline cones; 3, retinulae; 4, pigment cells; 5, cuticle; 6, epithelium; n, optic nerve; g, ganglia. B, A single element (ommatidium) from the compound eye of a crayfish. Labels: 1, corneal lens; 2, corneal cells; 3, crystalline cone cells; 4, 5, outer and inner parts of the crystalline cone; p, pigment cells; r, retinula; R, rhabdome; b, basement membrane.

Eye of a Crayfish

A, section through the compound eye of a crayfish. Labels: 1, cornea; 2, crystaline cones; 3, retinulae;…

David Wooster (March 2, 1710 &ndash; May 2, 1777) was an American general in the American Revolutionary War. In 1739 Wooster was a lieutenant of the guard-a-costa in the war between England and Spain. He commanded the regiment in Connecticut in 1745. Wooster was appointed colonel in the 3rd Connecticut regiment in 1755. He was later appointed brigadier general and served during the French War during 1756-1763. Wooster was commander of the American troops in Canada. He fell during the Battle of Ridgefield, Connecticut.

David Wooster

David Wooster (March 2, 1710 – May 2, 1777) was an American general in the American Revolutionary…

Zouave was the title given to certain infantry regiments in the French army, normally serving in French North Africa between 1831 and 1962. The name was also adopted during the 19th century by units in other armies, especially volunteer regiments raised for service in the American Civil War. The 11th New York was initially led by Col. Elmer E. Ellsworth, until his death in 1861. The regiment was badly mauled during the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861 as it acted as the rear guard for the retreating Army of the Potomac.

Ellsworth Zouave

Zouave was the title given to certain infantry regiments in the French army, normally serving in French…

The two-handed sword or German Zweih&auml;nder, here of the 15th century showing the Second Guard or Parierhakens.

Two-Handed Sword

The two-handed sword or German Zweihänder, here of the 15th century showing the Second Guard or…

Fort Schlosser was a fortification built in Western New York in the USA around 1760 by British Colonial forces, in order to guard the upper entrance to the portage around Niagara Falls.

Remains at Fort Schlosser

Fort Schlosser was a fortification built in Western New York in the USA around 1760 by British Colonial…

Section of hyaline cartilage. Labels: a, four separating cells; b, two cells in apposition; c, nuclei; d, cavity in the matrix containing three cells.

Hyaline Cartilage

Section of hyaline cartilage. Labels: a, four separating cells; b, two cells in apposition; c, nuclei;…

The membranous labyrinth is lodged within the bony labyrinth and has the same general form; it is, however, considerably smaller and is partly separated from the bony walls by a quantity of fluid, the perilymph. In certain places, it is fixed to the walls of the cavity. The membranous labyrinth contains fluid, the endolymph, and on its walls the ramifications of the acoustic nerve are distributed. Within the osseous vestibule, the membranous labyrinth does not quite preserve the form of the bony cavity, but consists of two membranous sacs, the utricle, and the saccule. The membranous labyrinth is also the location for the receptor cells found in the inner ear.

Membranous Labyrinth

The membranous labyrinth is lodged within the bony labyrinth and has the same general form; it is, however,…