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"By anatomists, the auditory nerve is associated with the facial, and is the seventh in order of origin from the brain, counting from before backwards. The seventh pair consists of the portio dura or facial, the portio mollis or auditory, and a small intermediate portion." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Auditory Nerve

"By anatomists, the auditory nerve is associated with the facial, and is the seventh in order of origin…

"By anatomists, the auditory nerve is associated with the facial, and is the seventh in order of origin from the brain, counting from before backwards. The seventh pair consists of the portio dura or facial, the portio mollis or auditory, and a small intermediate portion." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Auditory Nerve

"By anatomists, the auditory nerve is associated with the facial, and is the seventh in order of origin…

"a, the osseous septum grooved for the passage of the cochlear nerve b, which terminates by a free end inside the chamber c, along the floor of which it lies for a short distance; d, d are the two layers of the membranous septum. Lying in contact with the end of the nerve is the enlarged extremity of a rod e, which is connected in a flail-like manner by the hinge f to another rod, which is fixed at g." — Chambers' Encyclopedia, 1875

Auditory Nerve

"a, the osseous septum grooved for the passage of the cochlear nerve b, which terminates by a free end…

A back view of the brain and spinal cord. Labels: 1, The cerebrum. 2, The cerebellum. 3, The spinal cord. 4, Nerves of the face. 5, The brachial plexus of nerves. 6, 7, 8, 9, Nerves of the arm. 10, Nerves that pass under the ribs. 11, The lumbar plexus of nerves. 12, The sacral plexus of nerves. 13, 14, 15, 16, Nerves of the lower limbs.

A Back View of the Brain and Spinal Cord

A back view of the brain and spinal cord. Labels: 1, The cerebrum. 2, The cerebellum. 3, The spinal…

The base of the brain. Labels: 1, longitudinal fissure; 2, 2, anterior lobes of cerebrum; 3, olfactory bulb; 7, optic commissure; 9, 3rd nerve, ; 11, 4th nerve; 13, 5th nerve; 14, crura cerebri, 15, 6th nerve; 16, pons Varolii; 17, 7th nerve; 19, 8th nerve; 20, medulla oblongata; 21, 9th nerve, 23, 10th nerve; 25, 11th nerve; 27, 12th nerve; 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, cerebellum.

Base of Brain

The base of the brain. Labels: 1, longitudinal fissure; 2, 2, anterior lobes of cerebrum; 3, olfactory…

<em>A</em>, anterior lobe of the cerebellum; <em>B</em>, olfactory nerve; <em>C</em>, portion of the posterior lobe; <em>D</em>, optic chiasm; <em>E</em>, optic tract; <em>H, M,</em> hemispheres of the cerebellum; <em>K</em>, portion of the occipital lobe; <em>N</em>, medulla oblongata; <em>R</em>, pons Varolii."

Base of the brain

A, anterior lobe of the cerebellum; B, olfactory nerve; C, portion of the…

"Wherever nerve cells are abundant, the nerve tissue has a gray color; in other places, it looks white. Most of the gray matter of the brain is on the surface." — Blaisedell, 1904

Nerve Cells of the Brain

"Wherever nerve cells are abundant, the nerve tissue has a gray color; in other places, it looks white.…

The constitution of the cardiac plexuses. Labels: Sy, cervical sympathetic cord; C.1, superior cervical ganglia; C.2, middle cervical ganglia; C.3, inferior cervical ganglia; Car.1, superior sympathetic branch; Car.2, middle sympathetic branch; Car.3, inferior cardiac sympathetic branch; Va, pneumogastric nerve; R.L, recurrent laryngeal nerve; s, superior cervical cardiact branch of vagus; i, inferior cardiac branch of vagus; D.C.P, deep cardiac plexus; S.C.P, superficial cardiac plexus, A.P.P, anterior pulmonary plexus; P.P.P, posterior pulmonary plexus; R.Car.P, right coronary plexus; L.Car.P, left coronary plexus; Art.Pul, pulmonary artery.

Cardiac Plexuses

The constitution of the cardiac plexuses. Labels: Sy, cervical sympathetic cord; C.1, superior cervical…

"Carmarina (Geryonia) hastata, one of the Trachomedusae. a, nerve-ring; a', radial nerve; b, tentaculocyst; c, circular canal; e, radiating canal; g'', ovary; h, perenia or cartilaginous process ascending from the cartilaginous margin of the disc centripetally in the outer surface of the jelly-like disc; six of these are perradial, six interradial, coresponding to the twelve solid larval tentacles, resembling those of Cunina; k, dilatation (stomach) of the manubrium; l, jelly of the disc; p, manubrium; t, tentacle (hollow and tertiary, i.e., preceded by six perradial and six interradial solid larval tentacles); u, cartilaginous margin of the disc covered by thread-cells; v, velum." &mdash; Encyclopedia Britannica, 1893

Carmarina

"Carmarina (Geryonia) hastata, one of the Trachomedusae. a, nerve-ring; a', radial nerve; b, tentaculocyst;…

"Brain and spinal cord, with the thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves." — Tracy, 1888

Central Nervous System

"Brain and spinal cord, with the thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves." — Tracy, 1888

"The Upper Surface of the Cerebrum. Showing its division into two hemispheres, and also of the convolutions." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Cerebrum

"The Upper Surface of the Cerebrum. Showing its division into two hemispheres, and also of the convolutions."…

"The cranial nerves are thus arranged in pairs: 1, olfactory nerves, special nerves of smell; 2, optic nerves, passing to each eyeball, devoted to sight; 3, 4, and 6 control the muscles fo the eyes; 5, trifacial in three branches, which proceed mainly to the face, partly sensory and partly motor; 7, facial nerves, controlling the facial muscles; 8, auditory, or nerves of hearing; 9, glossopharyngeal nerves, partly sensory and partly motor: each nerve contains two roots, one a nerve of taste, the other a motor nerve, which controls the muscles engaged in swallowing; 10, pneumogastric nerves; 11, spinal accessory nerves, supplying some of the muscles of the neck and back; 12, hypoglossal nerves, controlling the movements of the tongue in speech and swallowing." — Blaisedell, 1904

Distribution of the Cranial Nerves

"The cranial nerves are thus arranged in pairs: 1, olfactory nerves, special nerves of smell; 2, optic…

The distribution of cutaneous nerves n the back of the trunk. On the left side the distribution of the several nerves is represented, the letters indicating their nomenclature. ACR.; Posterior supraclavicular branches from cervical plexus; CIRC: Cutaneous branches of axillary nerve; E.C.: Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, L.1: Lateral cutaneous branch of iliohypogastric nerve; S.1; Lateral branches of sacral nerves; T: T.1-12: Cutaneous branches of the posterior rami of the thoracic nerves. On the right side is a schematic representation of the areas supplied by the above nerves, the numeral and letter s indicate the spinal origins of the nerves distributed to each area.

Posterior View of the Cutaneous Nerves of Trunk

The distribution of cutaneous nerves n the back of the trunk. On the left side the distribution of the…

"The superficial veins in front of the elbow-joint. B', tendon of biceps muscle; Bi, brachialis internus muscle; Pt, pronator teres muscle; 1, median nerve; 2, 3, 4, nerve-branches to the skin; B, brachial artery, with its small accompanying veins; cep, cephalic vein; bas, basilic vein; m', median vein; *, junction of a deep-lying vein with the cephalic." &mdash;Martin, 1917

Elbow-Joint

"The superficial veins in front of the elbow-joint. B', tendon of biceps muscle; Bi, brachialis internus…

"Section through the lateral eye of Euscorpius italicus. lens, Cuticular lens. nerv.c, Retinal cells (nerve-end cells). rhabd, Rhabdomes. nerv.f, Nerve fibes of the optic nerve. int, Intermediate cells (lying between the bases of the retinal cells)." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Euscorpius Italicus

"Section through the lateral eye of Euscorpius italicus. lens, Cuticular lens. nerv.c, Retinal cells…

"a, sclerotic membrane; b, cornea; d, retina; o, optic nerve; v, vitreous humor." -Comstock 1850

Eye

"a, sclerotic membrane; b, cornea; d, retina; o, optic nerve; v, vitreous humor." -Comstock 1850

"The external bones of the temple are supposed to be removed in order to render visible the muscular arrangements. The muscle, 1, raises the eye-lid, and is constantly in action while we are awake. During sleep, the muscle being in repose and relaxed, the eye-lid falls and protects the eye from the action of light. The muscle, 4, turns the eye upwards; 5, downwards; 6, outwards; and a corresponding one on the inside, not seen in the figure, turns it inwards. No. 2 and 10 turn the eye round its axis. No. 11 is the great optic nerve, which conveys the sensation to the brain. If this nerve were cut, notwithstanding the eye might be in other respects perfect, the sense of sight would be destroyed." &mdash;Wells, 1857

Eye Muscles

"The external bones of the temple are supposed to be removed in order to render visible the muscular…

"Diagram illustrating the Manner in which the Image of an Object is inverted on the Retina." — Blaisedell, 1904

Diagram of the Eye

"Diagram illustrating the Manner in which the Image of an Object is inverted on the Retina." — Blaisedell,…

"Section of the human eye." — Blaisedell, 1904

Human eye

"Section of the human eye." — Blaisedell, 1904

"<em>A</em>, attachment of tendon connected with the four recti muscles; <em>B</em>, external rectus, divided and turned downward, to expose the internal rectus; <em>C</em>, inferior rectus; <em>D</em>, internal rectus; <em>E</em>, superior rectus; <em>F</em>, superior oblique; <em>H</em>, pulley and reflected portion of the superior oblique; <em>K</em>, inferior oblique; <em>L</em> and <em>M</em>, portions of the muscle which raises the upper eyelid; to the right of <em>D</em> and to the left on the same line are seen cut ends of the optic nerve." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Muscles of the eyeball

"A, attachment of tendon connected with the four recti muscles; B, external rectus,…

"Some nerves of the face." —Davison, 1910

Nerves of the Face

"Some nerves of the face." —Davison, 1910

"(1) The facial nerve at its emergence from stylo-mastoid foramen; (2) temporal branches communicating with (3) the frontal branches of the fifth or trifacial nerve; (4) infraorbital branches communicating with (5) the infra-orbital branches of the fifth nerve; (6) maxillary branches communicating with (7) the mental branch of the fifth nerve; (8) cervico-facial branches; (9) the spinal accessory nerve giving off a branch to the trapezius muscles." &mdash; Winston's Encyclopedia, 1919

Facial Nerve

"(1) The facial nerve at its emergence from stylo-mastoid foramen; (2) temporal branches communicating…

Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.

Facial Nerves

Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.

"Distribution of nerves on the side of the face." &mdash; Richardson, 1906

Facial Nerves

"Distribution of nerves on the side of the face." — Richardson, 1906

"Galvani found that whenever the nerves of a frog's leg were touched by one metal and the muscles by another, convulsions took place on bringing the two different metals in contact." &mdash;Wells, 1857

Frog Experiment

"Galvani found that whenever the nerves of a frog's leg were touched by one metal and the muscles by…

Distribution of sensory nerves to the head and neck. Labels: Ophth, ophthalmic division of the fifth nerve; St, supratrochlear branch; S.O, supra-orbital branch; I.T, infratrochlear branch; L, lachrymal branch; N, external nasal branch; Sup.Max, superior maxillary division; T, temporal branch; M, malar branch; I.O, infra-orbital branch; Inf.Max, inferior maxillary branch; M, mental branch; C2, 3, branches of the second and third cervical nervs; G.O, great occipital nerve; S.O, small occipital nerve; G.A, great auricle nerve; S.C, superficial cervical nerve; C3, least occipital nerve; 4, 5, 6, posterior primary division of 4th, 5th, 6th cervical nerve.

Sensory Nerves to the Head and Neck

Distribution of sensory nerves to the head and neck. Labels: Ophth, ophthalmic division of the fifth…

Nerves of the right side of the head- the maxillary ramus and cheek being removed. Labels: a, superior maxillary branch of fifth; a', spheno-palatine; b, orbital; c, branch of spheno-palatine; d, palatine; e, superior dental; f, staphyline; g, superior maxillary trunk entering infraorbital foramen; g', superior; g&quot;, middle; g&quot;', inferior nasal nerves; h, inferior maxillary branch of fifth; u, masseter; k, anterior deep temporal; l, pterygoid; m, buccal; n, subzygomatic; o, inferior dental; o', mental ; p, lingual; p', its superficial; p&quot;, its deep branch.

Head of a Horse Showing Nerves

Nerves of the right side of the head- the maxillary ramus and cheek being removed. Labels: a, superior…

Left side of the face- showing the distribution of the facial portions of the fifth and the seventh nerves. Labels: a, infraorbital; b, masseter; c, superior; d, inferior branch of subzygomatic; e, anterior; f, middle; g, posterior auricular; h, posterior temporal; i, cervical branch; k, styloid; l, parotid branches; m, facial; n', its superior portion; o, its inferior portion.

Head of a Horse Showing Nerves

Left side of the face- showing the distribution of the facial portions of the fifth and the seventh…

Ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth cranial, first cervical, and part of the sympathetic nerves- the left maxillary ramus and parotid gland being removed. Labels: a, carotid artery; b, glosso-pharyngeal; b', its pharyngeal; b&quot;, its lingual branch; c, pneumogastric; c' pharyngeal; c&quot;, superior laryngeal; d, d', d&quot;, spinal accessory; e, hypo-glossal; f, great sympathetic; f&quot;, superior cervical ganglion; g&quot;, communication of sympathetic and pneumogastric; g, first cervical nerve.

Head of a Horse Showing Nerves

Ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth cranial, first cervical, and part of the sympathetic nerves- the…

"<em>A</em>, pinna; <em>B</em>, cavity of the concha, showing the openings of a great number of sebaceous glands; <em>C</em>, external auditory meatus; <em>D</em>, typanic membrane; <em>F</em>, incus; <em>H</em>, malleus; <em>K</em>, handle of malleus applied to the internal surface of the membrana typani; <em>L</em>, tensor typani muscle; between <em>M</em> and <em>K</em> is the tymphanic cavity; <em>N</em> Eustachian tube; <em>O,P,</em> semicircular canals; <em>R</em>, internal auditory canal; <em>S</em>, large nerve given off from the facial nerve; <em>T</em>, facial and auditory nerves." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

General view of organ of hearing

"A, pinna; B, cavity of the concha, showing the openings of a great number of sebaceous…

A frontal view of the cutaneous nerves of the right lower extremity.

Leg Nerves

A frontal view of the cutaneous nerves of the right lower extremity.

A frontal view of the nerves of the right lower extremity.

Leg Nerves

A frontal view of the nerves of the right lower extremity.

A posterior view of the cutaneous nerves of the right lower extremity.

Leg Nerves

A posterior view of the cutaneous nerves of the right lower extremity.

A posterior view of the nerves of the right lower extremity.

Leg Nerves

A posterior view of the nerves of the right lower extremity.

Carpal and metacarpal nerves-internal aspect. q, external branch of median; r, internal branch of median, or internal metacarpal; s, internal branch of cubital; t, external branch of median, and internal branch of cubital uniting to form external metacarpal; u, communicating branch uniting metacarpal nerves; v, internal digital.

Leg of a Horse Showing Nerves

Carpal and metacarpal nerves-internal aspect. q, external branch of median; r, internal branch of median,…

"Section through one of the central eyes of a young Limulus. L, Cuticular or corneous lens. hy, Epidermic cell-layer. corn, Its corneagen portion immediately underlying the lens. ret, Retinula cells. nf, Nerve fibers. con. tiss, Connective tissue (mesoblastic skeletal tissue)." &mdash; The Encyclopedia Britannica, 1910

Limulus

"Section through one of the central eyes of a young Limulus. L, Cuticular or corneous lens. hy, Epidermic…

Scheme of the course and distribution of the inferior maxillary nerve. Labels: V.I.M, inferior maxillary nerve; S, afferent root; Mo, efferent root; M, meningeal branch; O.G, otic ganglion; I.Pt, nerve to internal oterygoid; S.S.P, small superficial petrosal nerve; T.T, nerves to tensor typano, T.P, tensor palati; Ty.Plex, tympanic plexus, G.Ph, glossopharyngeal nerve; M.M, middle menigeal artery; A.T, auriculotemporal nerve; F, communication with facial nerve; Par, nerve to parotid gland; Me, branch to meatus of ear; Pi, branch to pinna; T, temporal muscle; Bucc, buccinator muscle; Po, posterior division of inferior maxillary nerve; L, lingual nerve; C.t, chorda tympani nerve; Sub.G, submaxillary ganglion; Hy, hypoglossal nerve; I.D, inferior dental nerve; My.hy, mylohyoid nerve; My, nerve to mylohyoid; Di, nerve to digastric (anterior belly); Ment, mental branch; Sty.Gl, styloglossus; H.Gl, styloglossus; H.G1, hyo-glossus; G.H.G, geniohyoglossus muscles.

Inferior Maxillary Nerve

Scheme of the course and distribution of the inferior maxillary nerve. Labels: V.I.M, inferior maxillary…

Scheme of the course and distribution of the superior maxillary nerve. Labels: Rec, recurrent branch in the middle fossa of the skull; M.G, Meckel's ganglion in the sphenomaxillary fossa; S.P, sphenopalatine nerves; S.N, superior nsal branch; Orb, orbital nerve; T, temporal branch; M, malar branch; I.O, infra-orbital nerve, appearing on the face; P, palpebral; N, nasal branch; L, labial branch; A.D, anterior dental branch; M.D, middle dental branch; N.P, nasopalatine nerve; P.D, posterior dental branch; I.N, inferior nasal branch; L.P.P, large posterior palatine nerve, Vid, vidian nerve; Pt.Pal, pterygopalatine branch.

Superior Maxillary Nerve

Scheme of the course and distribution of the superior maxillary nerve. Labels: Rec, recurrent branch…

Nerve areas of the face and scalp. Labels: A, Distribution of the first division of the fifth cranial nerve; A' nasal branch; A", supratrochlear A''', supraorbital; B, Distribution of the second division; B', infraorbital branch; B", malar branch; B"', temporal branch; C, Distribution of third division: C', mental branch; C", buccal branch; C"', auriculotemporal.

Nerve Areas of the Face and Scalp

Nerve areas of the face and scalp. Labels: A, Distribution of the first division of the fifth cranial…

"Nerve tissue is really made up of a great number of distinctive units called <em>nerve cells</em>. Each cell usually contains a large nucleus and gives off one or more tiny branches, or processes. Thse cells vary more in shape and size than any other cell in the body. Each nerve cell has a number of short branches, and many have also one long branch which can be traced for some distance from the cell body." — Blaisedell, 1904

Nerve Cells

"Nerve tissue is really made up of a great number of distinctive units called nerve cells.…

A nerve fiber from a frog.

Nerve Fiber from Frog

A nerve fiber from a frog.

"The axis cylinder is in the center. On either side is seen the medullary sheath, represented by dark lines. The primitive sheath, or neurilemma, is on the outside and represented by white lines in which is a nerve corpuscle with an oval nucleus." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Portion of a medullated nerve fiber

"The axis cylinder is in the center. On either side is seen the medullary sheath, represented by dark…

To illustrate the structure of nerve fibers. Labels: A, nerve fiber examined fresh; n, node. B, nerve fiber with axis cylinder shaded, and medulla represented by dark lines; n.c, nucleus; p, granular cell substance near the nucleus. C, more highly magnified: m, medulla; n, node. D, nerve treated with reagents to show the axis cylinder: n.x, surrounded by medulla, m. E, nerve treated with reagents to show n.c, nucleus with fine line over it representing the neurilemma, and outside this fine connective tissue, c: n.c', nucleus lying in the fine connective tissue. F, nerve fiber deprived of its neurilemma showing medulla broken up into fragments, m, surrounding the axis cylinder, n.x.

Nerve Fibers

To illustrate the structure of nerve fibers. Labels: A, nerve fiber examined fresh; n, node. B, nerve…

Nerve-filaments, decussing with their sheath.

Nerve Filaments

Nerve-filaments, decussing with their sheath.

"The spinal cord and nerve-roots. A, a small portion of the cord seen from the ventral side; B, the same seen laterally; C, a cross-section of the cord; D, the two roots of a spinal nerve; 1, ventral fissure; 2, dorsal fissure; 3, surface groove along the line of attachment of the ventral nerve-roots; 4, line of origin of the dorsal roots; 5, ventral root filaments of spinal nerve; 6, dorsal root filaments; 6', ganglion of the dorsal root; 7, 7', the first two divisions of the nerve-trunk after its formation by the union of the two roots. The grooves are much exaggerated." &mdash;Martin, 1917

Nerve Roots

"The spinal cord and nerve-roots. A, a small portion of the cord seen from the ventral side; B, the…

Nervous system of a honeybee

Nerve System

Nervous system of a honeybee

Nervous system of a honeybee larva

Nerve System of Larva

Nervous system of a honeybee larva

Each nerve trunk is composed of a variable number of different sized bundle (funiculi) of nerve fibers which have a special sheath (perineurium) The funiculi are enclosed in a firm fibrous sheath (epineurium); this sheath also send in processes of connective tissue which connect the bundles together. In the funiculi between the fibers is a delicate supporting tissue ( the endoneurium). Shown is a transverse section of the sciatic nerve of a cat. It consists of bundles (Funiculi) of nerve fibers ensheathed in a fibrous supporting capsule, epineurium, A; each bundle has a special sheath ( not sufficiently marked out from the epineurium in the figure) or perineurium B; the nerve fibers N f are separated from one another by endoneurium; L, lymph spaces; Ar, artery; V, vein; F, fat.

Nerve Trunk

Each nerve trunk is composed of a variable number of different sized bundle (funiculi) of nerve fibers…

"The Main Nerve Trunks of the Right Forearm, showing the Accompanying Radial and Ulnar Arteries. (Anterior view.)" &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Nerve trunks

"The Main Nerve Trunks of the Right Forearm, showing the Accompanying Radial and Ulnar Arteries. (Anterior…

"A Great Nerve (Posterior Tibial) on the Back of the Leg, with its Accompanying Artery of the Same Name." — Blaisedell, 1904

Great Nerve

"A Great Nerve (Posterior Tibial) on the Back of the Leg, with its Accompanying Artery of the Same Name."…

"A Great Nerve (Crural) and its branches on the Front of the Thigh. The femoral artery with its cut end is shown." — Blaisedell, 1904

Great Nerve

"A Great Nerve (Crural) and its branches on the Front of the Thigh. The femoral artery with its cut…

"A Great Nerve (Plantar) and its Branches which supply the Bottom of the Feet. Note the cut tendons of the great muscles of the leg." — Blaisedell, 1904

Great Nerve

"A Great Nerve (Plantar) and its Branches which supply the Bottom of the Feet. Note the cut tendons…

"The Cervical and Thoracic Portions of the Sympathetic Nerve and their Main Branches. In the center of the figure, running almost vertically, is shown the right pneumogastrix nerve. To the left may be seen a chain of ganglia of the sympathetic nerve, running along the vertebrae. The distribution of some smaller ganglia and nerve branches in the neck and chest regions are also shown." &mdash; Blaisedell, 1904

Sympathetic nerve

"The Cervical and Thoracic Portions of the Sympathetic Nerve and their Main Branches. In the center…

Ramifications of nerves and termination in muscular coat of a small artery of the frog.

Nerves in the Artery of a Frog

Ramifications of nerves and termination in muscular coat of a small artery of the frog.

Diagrammatic representation of the nerves of the alimentary canal. Oe to Rct, the various parts of the alimentary canal from esophagus to rectum: L.V, left vagus, ending in front of stomach; rl, recurrent laryngeal nerve, supplying upper part of esophagus; R.V, right vagus, joining left vagus in esophageal plexus; oe.pl., supplying the posterior part of the stomach , and continues at R'V' to join the solar plexus, here represented by a single ganglion, and connected with the inferior mesenteric ganglion m.gl.: a, branches from the solar plexus to stomach and small intestine , and from the mesenteric ganglia and rami communicantes; r.c., belonging to dorsal nerves from the 6th to the 9th (or 10th); Spl.min., small splanchnic nerve similarly from the 10th and 11th dorsal nerves. These both join the solar plexus, and thence make their way to the alimentary canal; c.r., nerves from the ganglia, &c., belonging to 11th and 12th dorsal and 1st and 2nd lumbar nerves, proceeding to the inferior mesenteric ganglia (or plexus), m.gl., and thence by the hypogastic nerve, n.hyp., and the hypogastric nerve, n.hyp., and the hypogastric plexus, pl.hyp., to the circular muscles of the rectum; 1.r., nerves from the 2nd and 3rd sacral nerves, S.2, S.3 (nervi erigentes) proceeding by the hypogastric plexus to the longitudinal muscles of the rectum.

Nerves of the Alimentary Canal

Diagrammatic representation of the nerves of the alimentary canal. Oe to Rct, the various parts of the…

Nerves of the forearm.

Nerves of the Forearm

Nerves of the forearm.

"Superficial, or Cutaneous, Nerves on the Back of the Left Forearm and Hand." — Blaisedell, 1904

Superficial Nerves of the Forearm and Hand

"Superficial, or Cutaneous, Nerves on the Back of the Left Forearm and Hand." — Blaisedell, 1904

"Showing some of the superficial nerves on the left side of the neck and the head. A few superficial muscles and arteries in the same region are also shown." — Blaisedell, 1904

Superficial Nerves of the Head

"Showing some of the superficial nerves on the left side of the neck and the head. A few superficial…

"<em>A</em>, branches of the nerves of smell; <em>B</em>, nerves of touch to the nostrils; <em>E, F, G,</em> nerves to the palate springing from a ganglion at <em>C</em>; <em>H</em>, a branch of the facial nerve, from which which other branches <em>D, I,</em> and <em>J</em>, spring to be distributed to the nostrils." — Blaisedell, 1904

Nerves of the Nostril

"A, branches of the nerves of smell; B, nerves of touch to the nostrils; E, F,…

Diagram of the origin and distribution of the nerves to the pectoral muscles. E.A.T., external thoracic nerve; I.A.T., internal anterior thoracic nerve; C.5, 6, 7, C.8, T.1, nerves of the brachial plexus; ART., axillary artery; CL, clavicle; SCL., subclavius muscle; P.Mr, pectoralis minor, joined to subclavius by costocoracoid membrane; P.MA, pectoralis major.

Nerves of the Pectoral Muscles

Diagram of the origin and distribution of the nerves to the pectoral muscles. E.A.T., external thoracic…